ambò v 1Lean on something as a means of conveyance while floating Ko sagboka nu ka og-ambò, og-ayunon nu to lawa nu ka bulu. Ka bolad nu, ian nu igbogsoy. When you lean on something for floatation you line up your body with the bamboo [pole]. You use your hands to paddle. [One can use ones' arms to prop oneself on bamboo or other object of conveyance, but the arms can be left free to paddle. When water is involved, the meaning includes the component of conveyance by water. When in any other place, such as a house, movement or conveyance is not a component of meaning.] 2Lean on anything, usually with arms or hands, but could be with a part of one's body Sosolobon ka ig-ambò. Lean on [something] with one's chest.
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amoy 1n Father. 2n Father and child, or adult offspring, together. 3n Stepfather. Ka amoy-amoy, konò no tu-tu-u no amoy. A step-father (or adoptive father] is not the true [i.e. biological] father. Ko ogkohutuk ogka-asawa ka inoy, sikan no lukos ka amoy-amoy to anak din. If [someone] marries the [widowed] mother, that man is the stepfather of her children. 3.1n The father of an adopted child. Si Ugalinga ka inoy-inoy ran no ka asawa rin, songo amoy-amoy ran. Ugalinga is their adoptive mother and her husband is their adoptive father. 3.2n The spokesman for the father of a prospective groom in a marriage discussion. Ian on amoy-amoy ka ogtangkò to alukuyan. The person who speaks on behalf [of the prospective groom] is the spokesman for the discussion (lit. one who faces the discussion). [In a wedding arrangement, the spokesman for the man is called an amoy-amoy, the same term used for an adoptive or foster father.]
ampow 1prep Up, above. Ampow ta ka ilawan. The lightbulb is above us. 2v To stack one item on top of another. 3v For one item to be on top of another. Naka-ampow ka harayu to lamisaan. The radio is on top of the table. [This implies that the tem is actually touching in contrast to the example of the lightbulb which was overhead but not touching anyone.] 4vs To be stacked one on top of another as books Ogpokog-ampow-ampow ka so-i diblu. These books are stacked on top of each other. 5v (Fig.) Usurp the rights of someone else. Pig-ubus dan abata ka impamula ku no bontung no warò nigpataga to nigbuyù. Ka sikan no batasan dan, igpa-ampow-ampow to duma ran. They completely cut down all of the bamboo for weaving which I had planted without letting it be known by a request. That conduct of theirs usurped the rights of their companion. 6v ( Fig.)To override as when someone overrides the speech of someone else. Ko ogkagi a no du-on otow no ogtampod to kagi ku, ogbugsong. Ko og-ampawan din ka kagi rin, igdo-isok. If I am speaking and there is a person who cuts off my speech, he interrupts. If someone overrides [another's words] with his words, it is disrespectful of (lit. belittles) [the other person].
ampò v Cover or lid, as back of a kuglung instrument, or on a coffin. [DB did not know this word. Said the older people that used it are not living.] osyn: so-ob 1.
amuk 1adj To be tame as an animal. see fr.: tilalam 1. 2v To tame something, as an animal.
amul v To hold onto, bite into and suck on something, such as fruit around the seed of a mangga, pangi or rambatan fruit. [This would not apply to holding onto a slice of melon and eating it because one does not suck on it.]
amulung v To comfort; offer comfort. Agad konon duma ta ko ogdalong ki to ogsinogow, ig-amulung ta to ogkagi to tahan na-an ian to ogkamatoy ki. Even if it is not our relative (lit. companion) if we empathize with the one weeping, we will offer comfort by saying that it is natural that we die. Ko du-on otow no ogkamatayan ig-amulung ta rò to goinawa ran to ogmakogalon ta ka igmasakit to goinawa rin. If someone [loses a loved one] by death, we comfort them (lit. comfort their breath) by our bearing of the hurt of his/her emotional pain (lit. pain of his breath). see: imù 2.
amung 1deriv n Son-in-law. Ka asawa to anak ku no boi, maka-amung ku. The wife of my daughter (lit. female offspring) is the one who has become my son-in-law. 1.1v For a man to be included, like a son-in-law in someone's family through marriage to a relative. Si Binitu, songo maka-amung ku rod su anakon ku si Angelina. Si Lano woy si Junjun, sikan dod. As for Binitu, he has also become my son-in-law [by marriage] because Angelina is my neice. [My relationship with] Lano and Junjun is the same. 2v To be included, involved in some situation; having the responsibility of another person’s actions, especially a child. see: labot 1. 3v To involve oneself in someone else's affairs, butting in Maniò to og-am-amungan a nu? Why are you butting into my affairs? [In the following example, the involvement is direct and the persons involved hear the words spoken.] see fr.: labot 2. 4v To make an issue about the affairs of someone else. Maniò to og-am-amungon now ka ogsimba no warò kow man monua nikandan? Why are you making an issue about the affairs of those who attend church when they haven't done anything to you? [The following example is made out of the hearing of those being criticized.] see: do-isok 1; see: samilì.
angat 1n Tooth marks. [applies to tooth marks from a snake bite, dog or pig or any other animal.] 2v To bite and hang on so that teeth really sink into flesh. [If snake or animal is large enough the teeth may come through the flesh to the other side.]
anggò 1v To deliberately withhold food or sustenance. 2v To abandon or neglect someone. Ko du-on batò no in-anak diò to awayan no nig-ongkoran to inoy, nig-ang-angga-an din on. If there is a child who was born outside the village who is [deliberately] left behind by the mother, it has been abandoned by her. [This can apply to either a child or an older person who is not being cared for even though he/she may have a house to live in but is unable to care for his/her own needs.] 3vs To have been abandoned or neglected. Ka batò no ogka-ang-angga-an, ogkulang to pogko-on, sabinit, pogparigus woy warò baloy no ogko-ugpa-an dan. As for the child who has been neglected, he/she is lacking food, clothing, bathing and has no house to live in. see: uwang 7.
angkal n 1skeleton Ka angkal, tibò no mgo bokog no konò pad ogkalokò pu-un to ulu, li-og, bakalawan, lawa no du-on mgo gusuk, bubun woy pa-a mgo salowsow. As for a skeleton, it is all the bones [of the body] which are not disconnected (lit. separated) from the head, neck, upper arm(s), body which has ribs, thighs and feet [lit. foot] and toes/fingers. 2A large skeleton ghost with deepset eyes that lives at graveside. Ko du-on ogpapitow to busow koykow no olin bokog, sikan ka angkal. If there is a ghost which shows itself to you which is all bone(s), that is the skeleton ghost.
angkoy 1v To prop something up, such as to rest one’s elbow and arm on a companion’s shoulder, or prop one\\\\\\\'s feet up on something 2n Something which is used to prop up something. [When a body is sabal laid “in state” such as in a house-like structure, DB says that the body is laid on a piece of wood to prop it up.] 3deriv n A prop or resting place for something else. 4phrase A footstool. Ankayanan to pa-a. [It's] a resting place for feet.
angus v To bite into and chew off, as corn from a cob or flesh from a bone. Ko ogko-on ki to du-on bokog no du-on pad sapù, og-anguson ta to og-il-il. If we eat something that still has a bone, we bite into chew [the flesh] off until it is stripped [of meat]. Og-angus ki to agoloy, mangga, pangi, kapayas woy ko pinya. We bite into and chew off corn, mangos, pangi fruit, papaya and pinapple. [Would also apply to picking up a piece of papaya or watermelon and chewing the fruit from the skin. A person without front teeth is unable do this. ] see: ul-ul₁.
an-anayan deriv n First; in the beginning. An-anayan, og-umawon nu. Ko konò oggoram, oggongonan ta oyow ogka-antog. First, you call [the sleeping person]. If he doesn't sense it (lit. feel) we take hold of him so that he will be disturbed [from sleep]. Ko du-on oghimuon ta di ko du-on igkasasow ta, na-akoban ka oghimuon ta porom no an-anayan no na-aloy ki diò to dangob no warò ta nato-ori. If we are doing something but if there is something worrying us, the thing we would have done in the beginning is supplanted (lit. layered or covered over.) And then we are distracted to something else so that we didn't accomplish [what we started out to do].
ana-ana 1vs To be rushed. Ogka-ana-ana ko ogga-ani oyow maga-an ogkaponga. Those who are harvesting are being rushed so that [the harvesting] will soon be finished. [TA comment was that if it took Titus 10 years to do a task one would not use the completive particle on because the work would be on-going.; The owner of a field may feel rushed or pressured due to being worried that it might rain and the harvest be ruined. His concern also puts pressure on the harvesters to hurry.] see fr.: ga-an 2.1; see: dagusu 1; see fr.: ga-an 2. 2v To be pressured to hurry. Ogka-ana-ana ki to igbuyag ta to oyow maga-an on ogkapongoi ka talabawon ta. We are being pressured by our leader to hurry so that our work will be finished soon. see: paragas.
anad 1v Teach. Ka maistra, og-anad to mgo istudianti. [As for] the teacher, he/she teaches the students. see fr.: ayat 2. 1.1v Taught Ka maistra ku to "grade one", sikan dod ka nig-anad ki Judith. My grade one teacher was also the one who taught Judith. 1.2vt To be taught by someone. Og-anaron ka mgo batò oyow du-on ogkato-uanan dan. The children are being taught so that they will have skills. 2v To be able to teach. Warò a nig-iman-iman to ogka-anad ku ka amoy woy ka anak. I had not expected that I would be able to teach the father and the daughter (lit. offspring). 2.1v To train or submit oneself to training (lit. allow oneself to be taught). Ka sikan no ogpo-omot to pa-anad, ogkato-u sikandin. That person who diligently trains (lit. causes [himself] to be taught) will become skilled. 2.2v That which is used to teach/train others. Ko nato-uan din, songo ig-anad din to songo otow. When he has become skilled, he will likewise use [that skill] to teach another person. 2.2.1v That which was taught, or used to train someone. Ogkaroromdom ku ka in-anad to amoy ku kanak tongod to talabau to oggabas to kayu no ighimu to baloy I remember that which my father taught me about the work of sawing wood to make a house. 3v Learn. Ka mgo batò, og-anad to ogsulat. The children are learning to write. 3.1vs To learn, become accustomed to. Kanokal ka to oghusud oyow ogka-anad ka oyow du-on ogkato-uan nu to oggabas. Be strong to pull [on the saw] so that you will learn so that you will know how to saw. 4v That which would be used to teach/train someone to do something. 5vs To have learned or to have become trained, accustomed to. Ko na-anad ka, du-on dayagang nu woy malomu nu su nigtagama nu. When you have become trained, you have strength and it is easy for you because you have become accustomed [to the work]. Warò koy na-anad to sikan no du-on ngalap. Na-anad koy to warò ngangalapoy noy. We are not accustomed to those kinds of fish [lit. viand]. We are accustomed to having no [means of catching] fish. see: tagam. 6v 7deriv n Teacher or the ones who teach. Ka maistra woy ka maistru, sikandan ka talag-anad to mgo istudianti. The male-teacher and female teacher(s), they are the teachers of the students [In the school context, the Spanish borrowings maistru and maistra are commonly used for “teacher” but talag-anad is still used for those who teach how to do anything.] 8Learn. 9v To enable someone gain the ability (lit. to learn) to do something such as to regain a skill that has been lost due to illness. Ogbuligan ta ka otow no malotoy to ogkitkit oyow ogpaka-anad to oghihipanow oyow ogpoko-orol on. We help a weak person by holding [his/her] hand so that [he/she] will gain the ability to walk so that [he/she] will be able to become ambulatory.
anak phr.: anak to dalan; phr.: anak to pamubungon₂. 1n A male or female offspring of an animal or human; son or daughter. 2v To give birth. Ko ogkapanoy ogkatapid ka batò diò to diralom to gotok, oglomulan ka inoy ko og-anak. If the baby (lit. child) in the abdomen has been properly positioned ahead of time, the mother will have it easier when she gives birth. Gabi-i pad nig-anak on ka kuddò ku. Just yesterday my horse gave birth. cf: agud. 2.1v To give birth in some place. - Ogdurugmun ka babuy to og-anakan din. A pig makes a bed for [a place where] she will give birth. 2.2v To give birth to multiple offspring. Ka karpa no ngalap, woy ogpanganak ko ogsilò ka bulan. Carp fish don’t give birth to multiple offspring until the moon comes out. 2.2.1v To give birth multiple times; give birth frequently. Ko du-on og-anak no warò pad nigtu-ig ka anak din no ogpanganak man dò sikandin, oghingaranan no mahariharion no manggianak su malasi og-anak. If someone gives birth when her child is not yet a year old so she is giving birth again, she is called a mother who produces siblings [one after another] because she frequently gives birth. 2.2.2v To reach birthing time. Ko du-on og-insò ko kon-u nanganak ka amboy nu, kagi to songo otow, “Ka ligad dò no allow ka pogpanganak.” If someone asks when your daughter-in-law delivered [her baby], another person will answer, “The previous day was her birthing time”. 2.2.3v Those which are birthed. Ka po-it, ka alu-an, woy ka pantat, ogparagas ogko-otow ka igpanganak dan. The po-it, mudfish and the catfish, are birthed alive (lit. directly live, when it is the time for them to be born [lit. the ones being birthed]. 3deriv n Uterus Ka a-anakan, sikan ka ugpa-an to batò diò gotok to inoy. The uterus, that is the dwelling place of the child in the abdomen of the mother. 4deriv n An adopted child. Ogko-iling ki Ugalinga no nig-uyamu to mgo batò, ogkoimu no anak-anak ran. It’s like Ugalinga who is caring from the childen, they have become heir adopted children. see: uyamuan. 4.1deriv n A stepchild. [A stepchild, that is the child of one's spouse is an anak-anak but not considered to be an uyamuan which is used of an adopted or foster child] 5deriv n Nephew or neice, also a cousin’s child. Si Binitu, songo maka-amung ku rod su anakon ku si Angelina. As for Binitu, he has also become my son-in-law because Angelina is my neice. 6deriv n Anything that has a young offspring; a mother, but especially a nursing mother. Ka mgo ngalap to woig no poit maroyow ka sabow rin to duon iam no manggi-anak su oggatasan. As for the po-it fish [lit. creatures of the water which are po-it], its soup is good for the nursing mother because [her breasts] will produce milk . [Also applies to female animals with young.] 6.1vs To become a nursing mother. Ka ogkamanggi-anak on no boi, sikan ka iam nig-anak no du-on on ogtago-uro-on no batò. Sikan ka ungod din oggibo-on, ogpasusuon, ogsakopuon woy og-uahon. A woman who has become a nursing mother, that is the one who has has newly given birth and now has a a child to care for. [Also applies to female animals who newly give birth] 7deriv n Parent and child doing something together; from parent’s standpoint. 8deriv n A child accompanied by his/her parent or parent accompanying his/her child. Ka tag-anak, ka amoy nigduruma to anak din. A child accompanied by its father, [that is when] the father has accompanied his son/daughter (lit. offspring). Ka amoy no nighondiò to lunsud, tag-anak ka nigduruma to du-on ogbolion dan diò to lunsud. The father who went to town, they are the child with his parent who accompanied each other to buy [something] in town. 8.1n A mother and her child. 9deriv v To hunt for frogs by searching for the frog eggs. Ogpaki-anak ki. We search for the offspring [of frogs]. Ogpakianak ki, ko ogkita ki to atolug to bakbak, du-on ta rò ogpamitawon ka inoy su du-on dò ian to marani ka og-olon. When we hunt for frogs, when we see the eggs of the frog, we will just find the mother [frog] because she will be there closely watching over [her eggs]. 10n Descendent of recent past [That is, descendants who were known andcan be recounted by one’s relatives in contrast to kapunganan which would refer to decendants a long time removed.] see: kapunganan 1.
anam v To pay attention to something such as to listen for breaking sticks in case there are raiders or prowlers in the village. Ko ogkulasan ta, og-anamon ta ko du-on otow -- sikan ka ogpansobon to du-on mangayow no oggogopù, ogkagi ki to "rrrrr". When we give a warning signal, we pay attention to whether there are people -- that is when those who are suspected to be raiders no step on sticks [as they prowl]. We say, “rrrrrr”. see: sagman 1; osyn: ngilam 1.
anamag n 1Phosphorescent wood fungus, that is a wood fungus which glows in the dark; phosphorescence in other substances so they glow in the dark. No sikan no ogtubù to makamos no lasangan no ogko-iling to kolop, songo oglayag su du-on anamag. The lasangan fungus which grows where it is damp which is like the kolop fungus, it also shines because it has phosphorescence. 2A phosphorescent substance, or any substance which glows in the dark. Ka relo, songo du-on anamag. A clock also has phosphorescence. see: amag₂ 1.
andal v 1To start as a machine or motor. 1.1To operate something such as to turn on, or play, a radio. Agboti nu to og-andal ka harayu. Turn up the volume (lit. operation of) the radio. 2To trigger, as a reaction or a memory. Inat to ogka-andalan ka doromdom ta. It is as though [something] triggers our thinking. see: ogka-alimotow. 3To get something started, such as to get a friend to come and eat Ko du-on magaliug noy, ko oghonatan to ko-onon, og-andalan ta to, “Usì, ogko-on kid on.” Oghinggaton tad to ogko-on kid. When we have guests, when the food is served, we get it started [by saying], “Friend, let’s eat now.” We are inviting [him] to come and eat (lit. that we-dual will eat). 4To release from mourning as to permit a widow to resume normal activities. Ko du-on ogkabalu, no tatolu on no allow no warò mokoipanow, ogkuò ki to manggad no igmaganangon ta to litos to oglo-ug kad on to so-in no manggad no ig-andal ku koykow to warò og-ogot koykow su nigbo-otan ku to nig-andal. If someone has become widowed and for three days has not been able to go out [of the house] (lit. walk), we get a piece of cloth/clothing by which we signify that it is OK now for you to run errands as this clothing is what I use to release you because I have decided to release [you]. [Typically, a widow is given something, such as an item of clothing to indicate that she is released from mourning and may resume her normal activities. Similar restrictions apply to widowers but are often less severe than those applied to widows.] 4.1To cause someone to be released from mourning. Og-andalan ta to manggad. We release [her] with [an item of] clothing to resume normal activity.
andung, og=, nig= v 1To gather closely together such as when people are trying to hear a speaker. Og-andung ki. Pamminog ki to kinagian to igbuyag. Let's gather closely together. We will listen to what the leader will say. see: limud 1. 2To sit in a circle to eat together. Ma-an-andungoloy ki ka ogko-on. Sagboka rò to ogdatongan. We sit in a circle to eat together. There is just one [recepticle] where food is served. up. Ian to ognangon to ogmandungdungoloy ki su ogmatangtangko-oy. The reason we say we sit in a circle to eat together is because we are facing each other. [Especially to sit in a circle around one leaf or winnowing basket to eat but word also applies to sitting around a table.]
