bu-ingan v To become dirty or contaminated. Diò to kanami, og-awoson to matapid ki oyow konò ki ogkabu-ingan. In our place, it is necessary that we be well-behaved so that we won't be discredited. [DB says criticism is the result of having become dirty.]
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bubung phr.: anak to pamubungon₁. n 1A ridgepole. Liliungan to baloy. Ridgepole of a house. see: liliungan. 2Sky. see: langit. 3A kind of spirit which claims ownership of mountains, baliti trees, cliffs and waterfalls; also familiar spirits which claim those roles. Ka talabubung, karumaan to mgo busow. Ian ka tagbanua no og-ugpò to bubungan, balitì, dalama, sampow. The talabubung, they are companions of the evil spirits. [Those] are the ones who are owners who live in the mountains, baliti trees, cliffs and waterfalls. Ka mgo otow no du-on bantoy ran no talabubung, ian dan im-imanan ka ogbatunon diò to langit. People who have talabubung familiar spirits anticipate that they will be transported to heaven. [If a couple has this kind of a familiar spirit, it is believed that if one spouse dies, the other will also die.]
bugal 1adj Prolific, have a lot of offspring, whether animals or human. Kabugal on ka babuy su ogmoon-ing on ka og-anak. The pig is prolific because it has many offspring when it gives birth. 2v To progate or cause to increase, whether of animals, seed, or fish in a fishpond. Ko ogbugalon, og-ayamuon pad ka babuuy oyow ogkabugal on ka ogmoon-ing. Ungod ogpanganak. If we propagate [pigs] we take care ofthem so that they will be prolific as they become many. They will always bear many offspring. Ko du-on boni ligkat to songo ugpa-an no warò dio to kananami, ogbunanat oyow du-on diò to kanami no ogkabugal on. If there is a kind of seed in another place which is not in our place, we carry it to our place and propagate it so that it will be increased.
bugsung 1n A pack as of something wrapped up and bound such as cooked rice or meat which is wrapped in leaves and bound which is sent home with people who have helped with field work. Ka bugsung ka doun no ogtongoson no linopot no ogko-onon. A pack which is wrapped and bound are the leaves which are wrapped around cooked rice. 2v To wrap and bind something into a pack. Bugsunga nu ka ko-onon. Wrap and bind the food into a pack. 3 4vs To be spread out, as in a circle or a square but having some kind of desernable boundary. Nabugsung ka palingki to Malaybalay. Ka lituk, nigmalibuson. The market place in Malaybalay is spread out in a circle. The meaning is [that] it is round.
bugsù v 1To plant by sticking plants in the ground in an upright position such as bananas or taro. Ko ogbugsù to sopa to saging, ogpahasindogan ta to igpamula no oghirosonan to ogbunbun to basak ka lobut. Ka u-ud ka diò to ampow. Ka lobut ka igbugsù diò to tanò. When someone plants the banana shoot in an upright position, we cause that which we are planting to be standing up and [we] pack (lit. cover tightly) the soil around the base [of the plant]. The tip is at the top. The bottom is that which is stuck in the ground. see: bagdak 2. 2To fall landing in sitting position.
bugtung 1n To be the only offspring of a certain sex or to be an only child in a household. Ka bugtung no lukos sagboka rò kandin kalukos. Ka boi no sagboka no anak songo bugtung dod kandin As for an "only" man, he is the only (lit. just one) male [in the household]. The woman who has just one offspring, he/she is an "only" child. 2adj Person who is deprived of her companion; alone, when supposed to be two or more. Bubugtung on. [He/she] has been left alone [without his/her companion]. 2.1deriv n Solitary thing, such as just one word of a language. 3v To withdraw to eat something alone. Ka otow no ogbubugtung to sagin, logoron. Konò ogpambogoy. The person who eats bananas by himself is selfish. He doesn't share [with others]. [The implication is that the person is unwilling to share.] see: nugun 1. 3.1v For a person to eat alone when there is no other choice. Ko du-on otow no ogpa-awoy-awoy to og-ugpò no sagboka rin dò, ko du-on ogkako-on din ogpakabubugtung dò to ogko-on su warò songo baloy rin no ogkatalaran din. Sikan ka konò no maro-ot su konò no logoron. If someone lives far away [from others] by himself, when he eats he has to eat alone because he doesn't have any neighbors with whom to share. That isn't bad because he is not selfish. [It is considered selfish for a person to withdraw to eat alone so that he/or she will not be seen and expected to share, but if one is living alone and has no companions, eating alone is without choice and the person is not considered to be selfish.] 4n Kind of banana. 5v Set aside by itself. Bugtungan ku rò, malintok. I’ll just set [it] aside by itself, it’s small.
buguk 1n An underdeveloped egg that has a chick but didn’t hatch. If not spoiled it may be eaten. Ka buguk, ian ka atolug no du-on piak no dakol dod ka bunow diò to gotok, di warò natibug. An underdeveloped egg which didn't hatch has a chick and there is still a lot of yoke in the stomach, but it hasn't matured. [Of an underdeveloped egg that doesn`t hatch. It may have spoiled or begun to develop a chick but it has not matured. If it hasn't spoiled it can be eaten.] 2v An fertilized but underdeveloped egg which died and spoiled before a chick was fully formed. Ka atolug no masongot no warò pad natibug no konò ogpigsò, nabuguk on. An egg which stinks and has not yet developed and will not hatch, that has become underdeveloped and spoiled. [This is not eaten.]
buì v 1To live, be alive, as people. Ogkabuì ki. We are alive. Ogko-unawa ki Ann Joy no moirap ka sakit din. Nigtawaran noy on ka konad on ogkabuì. It's like Ann Joy whose illness was difficult. We lost hope (lit. became twisted) because she could no longer live. 2To bring to life, resuscitate. Ogkabuì ku. I will bring him/her to life (or “I will resuscitate him/her.”) see: uyag 2.1. 2.1To come alive, as fire. Ka otow no ogbibigut, ogkabuì ko og-o-obul on ka hapuy. As for the person who makes fire by rubbing something back and forth, [the fire] is alive if it begins to smoke. 3To give life by taking care of and providing sustenance for someone. Ka apù, ian ka nigtalipun ka nigbuì to no-ilu no anak to anak din. The grandmother was the one to take care of and provide sustenance for her daughter's child who was orphaned (lit. the one who was orphaned who was the offspring of her offspring). Ogmomonu a na-an to boi na-an dò no moirap ku to ogbuì to mgo anak ta no malintok pad. What could I have done (lit. can I do) in that [I am] just a woman and so it's hard for me to give life/sustenance to our children who are still small. see: talipun 1. 3.1To be able to provide sustenance for. Ongkorid on ka asawa nu su konò ogpakabuì koykow su konò ogtalabau. Abandon your husband (lit. spouse) because he is unable to provide for you because he will not work. 4Cure.
bukakang adj To be bushy, as hair; flare or spread out, as grains on a stem of rice or as feathers on a chicken's neck. Ka homoy no bukakang, ogpangayangkang ka tagdoy rin; ogbokal diò to diralom. Rice that is bukakang, flares out. It spreads at the bottom. Ko manuk, ogbukakang ka bulbul kai to li-og ko ogpasangsangkugoy. Of a chicken, the feathers flare out at the neck when they fight each other. [If people don't like their hair being bushy, they may shave their head and let it grow back again.] see: bokal 1.
bukalò adj Talkative. Ka otow no mabukalò ka ogkagi. Sikan ka otow no mabukalò ka ogpangakagikagi ka warò ig-ulung-ulung din to ognangonnangon. The person who is talkative is the one who talks. That is the person who is talkative who is continually talking, the one who doesn’t hesitate to speak (lit. have anything to stop him from telling). [Has a positive connotation and is used of people who are friendly and outgoing. Does not apply to noisy children who disturb others.] see: matalò; see: talò 1.
buku 1n Knot, as of a thread or rope Ka biaa woy ko ka sigay, olin buku ka oghimuon. Ka olin no buku su natapid to poghimu. As for the round fish net and the long fish net, they are made with all knots. [The term] all knots because they are exactly spaced as [the net] is made. 2n Knot, of a tree; joint, as that of bamboo or cane 2.1adj Characterized by having many joints or knots; knotty. Di ka kayu no bukuon, warò natapid ka buku. But as for wood which is knotty, there is no arrangement of the knots.
bukus 1n Uncircumcised, especially of a child who has not yet been circumcised because the penis is enveloped by the foreskin. Ka batò no warò matulì to lasù din, oghingaranan to bukus su natongos pad to laplap. A child who has not had his penis circumcised is called uncircumcised (lit. enveloped) because it is still wrapped in skin. [An adult would be embarrassed and angry if this term were used to ask questions or make a comment about whether he had not been circumcized.] 2v To wrap oneself in something, as a blanket. Ka bato no oghirogò, ogbubukus to tol-ob. The child who is sleeping, wraps himself in a blanket 2.1v To form a cocoon, as of moths, butterflies or larva of various beetles which envelope themselves as they form a cocoon and enter the pupa stage. Ka langgi-on to palasan, ogbubukus to kinotkot din, no woy ogbaluy no kamolung. The larva of the palasan rattan forms a cocoon by enveloping itself in that which it has chewed up and not until then, changes into a beetle. 3v To envelope, wrap around; used of diapers, baby blanket. or a bandage. Ka otow no napali-an, ogbukusan to manggad ka palì din oyow konò oglangosa. A person who has been wounded will wrap his wound with cloth so that it will not bleed. see: tongos 1.
bulang 1vs Wash out as a dam or bridge. Lapoy no ligkat to ponong no nabulang. A deluge/flood which came from a dam which had washed out. [When a dam breaks, the water spills over and if people live below the results can be disasterous.] see: tobal 1. 2v To be engulfed in a problem such as when a quarrel turns into a war with people killing each other. Ka otow no ogmabunbunu-oy, ogmabulbulangoy on ka ogpilpilakoy on. People who murder each other, they are already being engulfed [in their problems] as they are already spearing each other. [DB says it is like a dam which has broken and the people below are engulfed in a flood of destruction as they kill each other like when a dam breaks endangering those below.] see: pabunbuno-oy. 3deriv n A drain, such as a canal which is made to carry away water and drain water from a pool, usually for the purpose of catching the fish that will be trapped. However, the term would also apply to draining water from a river into a canal so that a highway can be made on either side. Ka bulanganan, ogtu-uran ta to og-oti ka lanow. Ogkutkutan ta ka ogpabaya-an to woig oyow dakol ka ngalap no ogko-utol. As for a drain, we purpose that the lake will go dry. We dig/scrape away the place where the water will flow (lit. pass) so that we can catch a lot of edible [fish and other] creatures. 4v To make a canal or other device to drain off water, as from a street or other area.
bulan 1n Moon. Ka bulan, ogsilò ko marusilom. The moon rises at night. 2n Month. 3n Time when the moon is shining brightly. 4v To be two or three months in some location. 5n A person whose familiar spirit comes to him when the moon is shining. Ka bulbulanon, woy rò ogko-umoi to bantoy rin ko ogsilò ka bulan. As for the person whose familiar spirit comes when the moon is shining, his familiar spirit only comes to him when the moon comes up (lit. before his spirit will arrive is when the moon comes up). 6n Anyone who is paid by the month such as a housegirl or other worker. 7v To work by the month. 8v To walk or travel by moonlight. 9v For the moon to be shining. 9.1n Round raised area on front of the kalasag “shield” (kalasag) on which something white (or light colored) is placed so that it will be bright when the moon shines. see: kalasag 1. 10deriv n Name of a plant which has white flowers (or leaves), which glow in the dark. Ka kayu no ogngaran to bulanbulan, og-anamag ka bulak din ko mausilom on. As for he tree (plant) which is called bulanbulan, it has flowers which glow when it is already night. [What are called flowers may actually be leaves. The Ata Manobo people say that during the war, soldiers sometimes pinned these luminous leaves to their uniforms so they could see each other at night but sometimes their enemies could also see them and it resulted in some being shot.] 11n Kind of white rice.
bulignus v 1To spear, stab or cut in the same place as when killing an animal that did not die from the first stroke. Ko ogbulignusan, ta ka babuy, og-ul-uliton ta ka palì oyow ogkabitawan on. When we repeatedly stab or spear a pig, we repeatedly [stab/spear] in the wound so that i[ts life] will be cut off. 2To command someone to finish off an animal that hasn't died as a pig that was speared.
bulu n 1Medium size, smooth bamboo used for rafts, woven walls of village homes which is also, split for use as roofing. Ka bulu, oggasapon to otow ka ig-alabat to baloy rin. Smooth bamboo is cut dcut and trimmed by a person to use [to make] a wall for his house. 2A kind of sugarcane. (Obsolete because no more of that kind currently exists.)
bungkas v 1To remove blockage from anything deliberately blocked such as a stream or a ditch. 2To remove a blockage, as that of a side-streamdeliberately blocked. Ko du-on siak no na-atangan on, ko oggulakon to otow ka atang, nabungkasan on. If there is a side-stream which has been blocked, if a person breaks up the blockage, ihas been cleared.
bungkù v 1To come to an end, limit; boundary. Ko hondo-i ogkataman ka hikot to asu, du-on dò ogbungkù. Wherever the tether of the dog ends, that is where he will be limited. Du-on otow no nalagak ka salapi din no darua no gatus. Nigbungkù dò du-on to namanghò di warò din on kita-a. There was a person ho lost two hundred [pesos] of his money. He came to an end of looking for it but didn't find it. 2Give up on someone or something, as when an action proves futile Ko du-on duma ta no du-on batasan no konò ogkabalowbalow, ogbungku-an tad ka og-anad kandin to maroyow. If we have a companion who has conduct which cannot be changed, we sgive up on teaching him [to do] good. 3To run out of options, as a doctor who cannot treat an illness. Nigbungku-an on to doctor si Ann Joy. Agad ko du-on ogkoimu on dan to ogpangabang, ogkamatoy rò sikandin. The doctor gran out of options for Ann Joy. Even if there was something they could do to save her, she would still die. see: tawad 1; see: taman 1. 4To allow to go so far and no farther such as when cutting a field. Ka otow no ogkakamot, du-on patamanan din ka ogpo-ilisan ka kamot din no ian ka pabungku-an to kamot din. A person who is making a field, has an ending of the edge of his field and that is how far he will ballow his field to extend. [It may not be the boundry of his property but it is the farthest extent to which he will have his field cut.] 4.1To set a limit. Ka lubid to asu ka ogpakabungkù oyow du-on dò ogkataman. The rope is that which is setting a limit it so that it will not go any farther.
bungul 1n A lump of soft sap lagot which is found on certain trees such as lawa-an and which is removed to be used as pitch for a torch. Ka kayu no lawa-an, ko du-on on ogbungul no lagot to lawa-an, ko ogmakogal on, sikan on ka salong no ogkoimu on no ilaw. As for the lawa-an tree, when there is a lump of sap on the lawa-an tree, when it is hardened, that is the resin which can be made into a light. see: salong; see fr.: salong; see: lagot. 2n Long, green banana which is eaten raw. 3deriv n Boiled corn on the cob.
