ⁿdzah v. to sit, stay s'asseoir, rester (10 groups, 32 languages) B
The basic meaning of this word covers sitting, staying and living (in a place). This is the only root where *ⁿdz is reconstructed. In a few cases *ⁿdz is simplified to *ⁿz. The final *h is only retained in Proto-Mafa and Proto-Hurza , and in Proto-Lamang where it has the irregular reflex *kʷ.
1Proto-Bata *ⁿdza sit asseoir 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) ⁿdzaa sit 1.1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) ⁿdzaa dwell or live in a place 1.1.2) Gude (Hoskinson) ⁿdzaa be, become 1.2) Jimi (Djibi) ⁿdzan Exister, être, rester en vie ; 1.3) Tsuvan (Johnston) a nzakən rester
2Proto-Daba *ⁿdza sit asseoir 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ⁿdʒɑ sit, stay s'asseoir 2.1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ⁿdʒɑ dwell, inhabit habiter 2.1.2) Buwal (Viljoen) ⁿdʒɑ remain, stay rester, demeurer 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ sit s'asseoir 2.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ stay rester, demeurer 2.2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ dwell, inhabit habiter 2.2.3) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ calm (oneself) se calmer 2.2.4) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ land atterir 2.2.5) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ be être 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) dʒa sit s'asseoir 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) ⁿdʒà être, rester, s'asseoir
3Proto-Mafa *ⁿdzaha sit asseoir 3.1) Mafa (Barreteau) ⁿdza s'asseoir 3.2) Cuvok (Gravina) ⁿdʒahaj remain, stay rester, demeurer 3.2.1) Cuvok (Gravina) ⁿdʒaha sit s'asseoir 3.2.2) Cuvok (Gravina) ⁿdʒaha dwell, inhabit habiter
4Proto-Sukur *ⁿza sit s'asseoir 4.1) Sukur (David) nza sit, to 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) inza sit; to rest your weight on your bottom with your back vertical.
5Proto-Hurza *ⁿdzahaj sit asseoir 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) nzahaj sit s'asseoir 5.1.1) Mbuko (Gravina) nzahaj rester
6Proto-Margi *ⁿzi sit asseoir 6.1) Bura (Blench) nzi To sit, to remain
7Proto-Mandara *ⁿdza sit asseoir 7.1) Matal (Branger) màdzᵊ̄ mādzáj sit s'asseoir 7.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) ⁿdza 1 asseoir 7.2.1) Podoko (Swackhammer) ⁿdza 2 rester 7.2.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) ⁿdza 3 habiter 7.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) ⁿdʒá (s')asseoir - v. int. = njánja 7.4) Malgwa (Löhr) ⁿdʒa sit 7.5) Glavda (Nghagyiva) ⁿd͡zɨga dwell, inhabit 7.6) Dghwede (Frick) ⁿdzəgi ⁿdzəge sit
8Proto-Mofu *ⁿdza sit asseoir 8.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) nzàkáŋ sit; stay in the house rester 8.1.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) nzàkáŋ live rester à la maison 8.1.2) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) nzàkáŋ habiter 8.2) Moloko (Friesen) ⁿdʒé sit s'asseoir 8.2.1) Moloko (Friesen) ⁿdʒé stay rester 8.2.2) Moloko (Friesen) ⁿdʒé live habiter 8.2.3) Moloko (Friesen) ⁿdʒé attain atteindre 8.3) Zulgo (Haller) ⁿdza rester, demeurer, durer, stationner 8.3.1) Zulgo (Haller) ⁿdza être 8.4) Gemzek (Sabatai) ⁿdza sit, (be) seated, dwell, inhabit, remain, stay s'asseoir, (être) assis, habiter, rester, demeurer 8.5) Merey (Gravina) ⁿdzaj rester 8.6) Dugwor (Jubumna) maⁿdʒaj dwell, inhabit habiter 8.7) Mofu North (Barreteau) méⁿdzēj s'assoir 8.7.1) Mofu North (Barreteau) méⁿdzēj rester 8.7.2) Mofu North (Barreteau) méⁿdzēj habiter 8.8) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ⁿdʒ ́ stay s'asseoir ; rester ; habiter ; attendre
9Proto-Lamang *ⁿzakʷ sit asseoir 9.1) Lamang (Wolff) nzuk sit 9.2) Hdi (Bramlett) nzaku to be seated s'asseoir
10Proto-Higi *ⁿdza sit asseoir 10.1) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) ⁿdza dwell; inhabit; live; stay 10.2) Kirya (Blench) ⁿdzá to stay 10.3) Psikye (Angelo) nzá exist, stay 10.4) Bana (Lienhard) ⁿdzì s'asseoir, rester, demeurer
The basic meaning of this word covers sitting, staying and living (in a place). This is the only root where *ⁿdz is reconstructed. In a few cases *ⁿdz is simplified to *ⁿz. The final *h is only retained in Proto-Mafa and Proto-Hurza , and in Proto-Lamang where it has the irregular reflex *kʷ.
1Proto-Bata *ⁿdza sit asseoir 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) ⁿdzaa sit 1.1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) ⁿdzaa dwell or live in a place 1.1.2) Gude (Hoskinson) ⁿdzaa be, become 1.2) Jimi (Djibi) ⁿdzan Exister, être, rester en vie ; 1.3) Tsuvan (Johnston) a nzakən rester
2Proto-Daba *ⁿdza sit asseoir 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ⁿdʒɑ sit, stay s'asseoir 2.1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ⁿdʒɑ dwell, inhabit habiter 2.1.2) Buwal (Viljoen) ⁿdʒɑ remain, stay rester, demeurer 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ sit s'asseoir 2.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ stay rester, demeurer 2.2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ dwell, inhabit habiter 2.2.3) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ calm (oneself) se calmer 2.2.4) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ land atterir 2.2.5) Gavar (Viljoen) ⁿdzɑ be être 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) dʒa sit s'asseoir 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) ⁿdʒà être, rester, s'asseoir
3Proto-Mafa *ⁿdzaha sit asseoir 3.1) Mafa (Barreteau) ⁿdza s'asseoir 3.2) Cuvok (Gravina) ⁿdʒahaj remain, stay rester, demeurer 3.2.1) Cuvok (Gravina) ⁿdʒaha sit s'asseoir 3.2.2) Cuvok (Gravina) ⁿdʒaha dwell, inhabit habiter
4Proto-Sukur *ⁿza sit s'asseoir 4.1) Sukur (David) nza sit, to 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) inza sit; to rest your weight on your bottom with your back vertical.
5Proto-Hurza *ⁿdzahaj sit asseoir 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) nzahaj sit s'asseoir 5.1.1) Mbuko (Gravina) nzahaj rester
6Proto-Margi *ⁿzi sit asseoir 6.1) Bura (Blench) nzi To sit, to remain
7Proto-Mandara *ⁿdza sit asseoir 7.1) Matal (Branger) màdzᵊ̄ mādzáj sit s'asseoir 7.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) ⁿdza 1 asseoir 7.2.1) Podoko (Swackhammer) ⁿdza 2 rester 7.2.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) ⁿdza 3 habiter 7.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) ⁿdʒá (s')asseoir - v. int. = njánja 7.4) Malgwa (Löhr) ⁿdʒa sit 7.5) Glavda (Nghagyiva) ⁿd͡zɨga dwell, inhabit 7.6) Dghwede (Frick) ⁿdzəgi ⁿdzəge sit
8Proto-Mofu *ⁿdza sit asseoir 8.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) nzàkáŋ sit; stay in the house rester 8.1.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) nzàkáŋ live rester à la maison 8.1.2) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) nzàkáŋ habiter 8.2) Moloko (Friesen) ⁿdʒé sit s'asseoir 8.2.1) Moloko (Friesen) ⁿdʒé stay rester 8.2.2) Moloko (Friesen) ⁿdʒé live habiter 8.2.3) Moloko (Friesen) ⁿdʒé attain atteindre 8.3) Zulgo (Haller) ⁿdza rester, demeurer, durer, stationner 8.3.1) Zulgo (Haller) ⁿdza être 8.4) Gemzek (Sabatai) ⁿdza sit, (be) seated, dwell, inhabit, remain, stay s'asseoir, (être) assis, habiter, rester, demeurer 8.5) Merey (Gravina) ⁿdzaj rester 8.6) Dugwor (Jubumna) maⁿdʒaj dwell, inhabit habiter 8.7) Mofu North (Barreteau) méⁿdzēj s'assoir 8.7.1) Mofu North (Barreteau) méⁿdzēj rester 8.7.2) Mofu North (Barreteau) méⁿdzēj habiter 8.8) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ⁿdʒ ́ stay s'asseoir ; rester ; habiter ; attendre
9Proto-Lamang *ⁿzakʷ sit asseoir 9.1) Lamang (Wolff) nzuk sit 9.2) Hdi (Bramlett) nzaku to be seated s'asseoir
10Proto-Higi *ⁿdza sit asseoir 10.1) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) ⁿdza dwell; inhabit; live; stay 10.2) Kirya (Blench) ⁿdzá to stay 10.3) Psikye (Angelo) nzá exist, stay 10.4) Bana (Lienhard) ⁿdzì s'asseoir, rester, demeurer