Yao'an Loxrlavu - English
d
dae tɛ³³ASSOC联想意义(associative)的/de/Ni veixr dae pia xiux arseir ni leil vae gger a? 你穿的衣服是谁给你买的？Who bought you the clothes you are wearing?Ngo jiajia zza dae sul hal ber yarzi yilsi zza, ni lei zza ddo a. 我刚刚读的那本书很有意思，你也读吧。That book I just read was very interesting, you can also read it.1. /ddu/ occurs in associative phrases, and associates a verb (phrase) with a noun or classifier. It is important to note that the function of the association is to describing an inherent quality of that noun. What kind of thing (living or otherwise) are we talking about? /qiaxrmeix cir ddu yarper ar ddei/ 'a basin for washing the face'. This is in contrast to the particle /dae/ which also associates a verb (phrase) with nouns but is not describing a quality of that noun itself. /Ni veixr dae pia xiu/ 'the clothes you are wearing'. In constructions with a stative verb /nga/ 'be' or /zza/ 'exist', the /ddu/ nominalizes the verb that precedes it and is connected as a suffix when if forms words with three syllables of less. The /-ddu/ and the /labox/ have some overlap. The /-ddu/ follows a verb and nominalizes it to describe the inherent quality of that word, and the labox follows a verb to describe some kind of thing or item. So, for example, 'drink' can be /ddaddu/ drink NOM (something that is drinkable) or it can be /dda labox/ drink NOM (some thing or item that is a drink)--but the meaning comes out basically the same. A very common construction with word /ddu/ is: verb + /-ddu/ + /cirdoxr lei nr zza/. /gexrddu cirdoxr lei nr zza/ 'not even a little bit of fear'. This pattern occurs with lots of different verbs. /ggie/ nominalizes dependent clauses. /Yar, ngo ddei ddar biar ggie mel, noni a./ 'S/he heard what I was saying.' /arddeir a/ nominalizes complete clauses or sentences. /Ngo mel Mixbbaex lei arddeir a./. 'I am one who comes from Mayou.' These kind of grammar words or particles tend to be enclitics in this language./ddu/ '的' 出现于联想习语，使一个动词(习语)，与一个名词或量词关联起来。重要的是注意联想意义的功能， 是在于描 述一个名词固有的, 内在的素质。我们是在描述什么呢(有生命的活物，或无生气的物质)? /qiarmeix cir ddu yarper ar ddei/ '洗脸的盆子'。这与小品词 /dae/ 有所对比，/dae/ 使一个动词(习语)， 与一个名词关联起来， 但并不是在于描述那个 名词固有的, 内在的素质。/Ni veixr dae pia xiu/ '你穿着的衣服'。在有 /nga/ '是' 或 /zza/ '存在' 这两个状态动词的语气结构中，/ddu/ 使它前面那个动词转变为名词。/ddu/ 和 /labox/ 的功能有些重复。/ddu/ 与它前面那个动词相联而使其转变为名词， 并且描述这个名词固有的, 内在的素质。/labox/ 与它前面那个动词相联而使其转变为名词，而描述某样东西或项目。譬如说 /dda/ '喝' 有 /ddu/ 在后面成为 /dda ddu/ ‘喝 + 使名词化' (可以喝的饮料)。或者 /dda labox/ ‘喝 + 使名词化' (是饮料的某样东西)。这两种用法在此造成意思基本上相同的名词。/ddu/ 常有的结构是: 动词 + /ddu/ + /(cirdoxr lei nr) zza/. /gexr ddu cirdoxr lei nr zza/ '一点都没什么可怕的'. 这个模式可以用于很多的动词。/ggie/ 使从属的子句名词化。/Yar, ngo ddei ddarbiar ggie mel, noni a./ '他/她听到我说的。 /arddeir a/ 使一整个句子或子句名词化。/Ngo mel Mixbbaex lei arddeir a./. 'I am one who comes from Mayou.'The term "associative phrase" comes from the book "Mandarin Chinese, A Functional Reference Grammar" by Charles N. Li and Sandra A., pp. 113-116, Thompson. University of California Press, 1981. '联想习语' 这个词语出自 查尔斯 N. Li 与 桑德拉 A. 所著的“普通话中文，功能参考文法”一书, 113-116 页，汤普森。加州大学出版社, 1981.It was reported that this word is not used in 张家 village.据说张家村那里不用此字。Compare 另见=ddu=ggie=moarladdei
dae tɛ³³CLF量(feces; mucus; saliva; urine [body fluid])抛（尿；鼻涕；口水；屁；屎）/pāo/Aniux hal ddox mel ngo pia ddei leil sir ar dae beixl deix gger a. 那个小孩尿了一抛尿在我的衣服上。That child urinated on my clothes.Camar hal ddei mel middur ddei leil zilvixr ar dae pir dol gger a, anol ddei laexr lel ji a. 那个老人吐口水在地上，被狗舔吃掉了。That old person spit on the floor, (and) a dog licked it up.dae tɛ³³
dae tɛ³³1v.动plant种/zhòng/Ngo vixlux dae a, nilhar cirke sser a. 我种花，用了很多的土。When planting flowers (in pots), I use a lot of dirt.2push into the ground放在地里/fàng zài dì lǐ/Purto dae a mel, gaga dae nia, yel puxrto mel dder halmaex ggax deix cexr. 种葡萄，要栽杆杆，所以葡萄就可以爬在上面。When planting grapes, a pole has to be pushed into the ground, then the grapes can grow as vines on (the poles).The /paxr/ 'plant' is used in the sense of a farmer planting crops in a field. If a person is talking about planting some individual plant--"I am going to plant flowers in my back yard."--then /dae 'plant' is used./dae/ 种 – /paxr/ 字用於农夫在田里种植庄稼。若说到人单单种些什么植物 – 譬如：‘我要在后院种些花。’那么就要用 /dae/。Compare 另见paxr
dae tɛ³³
dae tɛ³³1ASP (imperfective)未完成体(expresses that an action has not yet been completed)着/zhě/Ca hal nrnel zzideil dae a, yel ngo yaa dax ssi a, yaa leil quex ssi. 那俩个人打着架，所以我去他们那里劝他们。Those two were fighting, so I went to them to entreat them (not to fight).Ca hal ddei mar a lei halae miar bei dae. 那个老人老了还在干着活。Though, that person is old, (s/he) still works.2IMP祈使式Ni halmaex cux dae, ngo zalbbaer ddux a. 你在那里坐着，我要出去了。You sit down over there; I'm going out.Ngo ni leil zzaegu gger a mel, ni li dae. 我给你东西，你收下着！(When) I give you something, you accept it!It was reported that this word is not used in ZhangJia village. 据说张家村那里不用此字。Compare 另见cirdaedaedoxr to̠ʔ²¹
daelaerlaer tæ³³læ²¹læ²¹adv.副upright直立/zhílì/Legelbbe taex leil daelaerlaer ngier dae lol. 让石头直立着。Stand the stone upright.Compare 另见vaelaertaedaelaerlaer tɛ³³
daexl tæ̠⁶⁶CLF (measure word)量bag袋/dài/Yar cirbelde nr daexl ti dae a, piar pixl ssi. 他提着两袋垃圾，去丢掉。S/he carried two bags of trash, going to throw (it) away.This is a Mandarin Chinese loanword. It is referring to the small plastic bag used in stores and is used when giving the quantity of something--a certain number of bags of something. The noun is /daexlzi/ 'bag'./daexl/ 袋 – 这是一个汉语借词。指小型的朔料袋，用於提到某些东西的量 – 几袋东西。名词是 /daexlzi/ ‘袋子’Compare 另见daexlzilixlmaexllixlmaexllixljixmaexllixlzzideixl te̠⁶⁶
daexl tæ̠⁶⁶v.动give a ride带/dài/Ngo yar leil dacae daexl dae a, cirmaex-hanga ssi. 我用单车带着他，去每一个地方。I carried him/her on a bike, (we) went everywhere.This verb is only used for two-wheel vehicles like a bike or a motorcycle. The way to say 'give a ride in a car' is /zzi dax/ or /cux dax/./daexl/ 带 – 这个字只用於两轮的车辆（自行车或摩托车）。搭人的汽车则用 /zzi dax/ 或 /cux dax/。Compare 另见zzaerdeixl te̠⁶⁶
daexllaexr tæ̠⁶⁶ɮæ̠ʔ²¹n.名woodpecker啄木鸟/zhuómùniǎo/Daexllaexr mel meir ddei yarzi si. 啄木鸟的嘴很长。The beak of the woodpecker is very long.daexllaexr tæ̠⁶⁶
daexlzi tæ̠⁶⁶tsɿ³³n.名bag袋子/dàizi/Daexlzi eil ddei yarzisael vaer, zzaegu cirke ji cexr. 这个袋子非常大，可以装很多的东西。This bag is extremely big, lots of stuff can be put into it.Compare 另见daexllixlmaexllixlmaexllixljixmaexllixlzzideixlzi te̠⁶⁶tsɿ³³
dalgurzi ta⁵⁵kɤ²¹tsɿ³³n.名thresher打谷机/dǎ gǔ jī/Dalgurzi ddei cei ddaexr, so ddaexr a, yarzi ddaexr yoxryixl. 用打谷机打稻谷，打麦子，打得很快。When the thresher threshes rice and wheat, it does it quickly.loan借词
daxlguxrji ta̠⁶⁶kɤ̠²¹tʃi³³
darmumu ta²¹mɤ³³mɤ³³adj.形high; tall高/gāo/Ca hal ddei leil worga darmumu ggie giexlhex dae. 那个人被埋在高高的山上。That person was buried on a very high mountain.Sixveix ho a mel, sixzzei darmumumo halmel leil maex deix nia. 采树花要爬上高高的那些树上。When looking for (a certain kind of edible) flower (that grows in trees), it is necessary to climb up tall trees.Compare 另见darneixlneixldarsisimutarmumu tʰa²¹mɤ³³mɤ³³
darneixlneixl ta²¹ne̠⁶⁶ne̠⁶⁶adj.形very deep深深的/shēnshēn de/Halmaex gga darneixlneixlmo ajjix bbeddur ar bbe zza. 那里有一个深深的水井Over there is a very deep water hole/lake/pond.Compare 另见darmumutarneixlneixl tʰa²¹ne̠⁶⁶ne̠⁶⁶
darsisita²¹sɿ³³sɿ³³🔊adj.形long长长的/chángcháng de/Lurddur hal ddei ardoxr neixl, yel ajjix tir a, baezo darsisi ar zex sser nia. 那口井有点深，所以提水要用一根长长的绳子。That well is a bit deep, so when getting water, a long rope must be used.Zzargger eil caex darsisimo, sser seir ddo. 这根棍子长长的，应给好用。This stick is long, (and) can be conveniently used.Compare 另见darmumumusitarsisi tʰa²¹sɿ³³sɿ³³
dax ta̠⁴⁴adv.副more更/gèng/Eilleix, kebal mermi miar bei ssi su ca mel miur dax a. 现在去外面打工的人（比以前）更多了。These days, there are more and more people going to other areas to work.Hormo koxl ni leil nr mia a, ni mu dax a bbe! 好几年没看见你，你（比以前）更高了 ！(I) haven't seen you for many years, (and) you are taller (more tall)!Almer lei a mel, ni pia veixr dax nia; nrnga a, ni zzix no lalnga. 下雨了，你不要加衣服，要不然你会冷病的。When it rains if need to put on more clothes; if not, you will just catch a cold.Compare 另见bbeix seir dax ggerdax ta̠⁴⁴
Yao’an Loxrlavu Dictionary © 2018 SIL International®
