Yao'an Loxrlavu - English


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ssaza³³🔊AUX (mood)need/yòng/Ngo baxlaxr zza ho a, ni ngo leil gger nr ssa.我已经有碗了,你不用给我了。I already have a bowl, you don't need to give (one) to me.1. There are five modal words that are used when giving an order, request or suggestion. Those words include /ssi/, /la/, /nia/, /ssa/ and /ngo/. The /ssi/ and /la/ are both polite imperative particles. The /ssi/ 'go' involves someone physically moving from one place to another place to carry out the request. The word /nia/ means 'need, should; must (do something)'; this word is never negated. The word /ssa/, which is always negated, means '(not) need (to do something)' and is used as the negative alternative to /nia/. The word /ngo/ has been labeled as (polite formula) and is used to make suggestions or recommendations. However, none of these forms need be considered harsh or demanding; the tone of voice and context would determine how politely someone is being asked to do something. 当给‘命令’,‘要求’或‘建议’时,有五个“语气的;情态的”字可以用。包括:/ssi/, /la/, /nia/, /ssa/ 和 /ngo/. 对 /ssi/ 此字的分析是比较不确定的,需要多一些的探讨。/ssi/ 和 /la/ 都是用于比较礼貌性的祈使语气。目前所拥有的数据显示: /ssi/ 涉及让某人从一处移到另一处,来完成所给的命令。好比叫某人带一张抹布过来帮忙洗碗,那么就可以用 /ssi/。若求人帮忙功课上的问题,就用 /la/ 字。/nia/ 的意思是‘需要,应该,必须(做某事)’;此字从不用在否定式。/ssa/ 字总是用于否定式,意思是‘不需要(做某事)’;可以作为 /nia/ 的否定式的替换物。 /ngo/ 字被标记为客套话的公式,准则,常用于提出建议或推荐。然而,以上所说的字,没有一个是被认为是严厉的或苛刻的; 讲话者的语气或声调,可以看出提出请求的人,所具有的礼貌上的程度。An auxiliary (AUX) is defined as word which accompanies the main verb in a clause and helps to make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the verb.助动词的定义是:一个或几个字在子句或从句中,伴随着主要动词;可以帮助区分‘情绪,氛围’,‘时序,时机’或‘动词的方向’。Compare 另见cexrddolaniangovarxiessaza³³
ssaemozæ³³mo³³🔊n.horsefly; blowfly绿头苍蝇/lǜ tóu cāngyíng/Ssaemo mel hor bbeirne mel leil yarzi noxr meixr, yel yaa yarzi naex.绿头苍蝇很喜欢停在臭的肉上,所以他们很脏。Horseflies like to land on putrid meat, so they are very dirty.ssaemozæ³³mo³³
ssaessaelssaezæ³³zæ⁵⁵zæ³³adj.bright; shining; sparkling亮亮的/liàng liàng de/Aniux hal ddo meixddur zze ssaessaelssae, yarzi i zae.那个孩子眼睛亮亮的,很漂亮。That child's eyes are bright, (they) are very pretty.ssaessaelssae
ssaexzæ̠⁴⁴🔊n.straw mat草席/cǎo xí/Yi se ggie mel, ssaex mel sser a, yir mel leil ba gex du lei.收烟的地方,用草席把烟包起来。At the place for harvesting tobacco, the straw mat is used to wrap the tobacco.ssaexzæ̠⁴⁴
ssaexrzæ̠ʔ²¹adj.hot/rè/Sudene mel naxcir ar yoxr a, xilbe zzar ssaexr a dda ddo, wordabbor yarzi miur.“Sudene”是一种药,内热可以喝,山上很多。"Sudene" is a type of medicine, when something in the stomach is (too) hot, (it) can be drunk, there is a lot of it on the mountain.loanCompare 另见gielcotaxlzzor ssaexrdzo²¹ zæ̠ʔ²¹
ssarza²¹🔊v.brush on; dye; put on lipstick; stain/rǎn/Yar pia piu xiux lei pia neix ssar mal a.他白色的衣服都染成了黑色的衣服。His/her white clothes were all dyed black.This is a loanworrd, and in loanwords the Mandarin Chinese /r/ often becomes the Central Yi /ss/ [z].借词中的 /r/,在彝语中通常用 /ss/, [z] 的音来发出。ssarza²¹
ssa ssaza³³ za³³🔊TAG Q反意疑问句okay?可不可以/kě bù kěyǐ/Ni ngo leil arleixr beijjiu, ssa ssa?你帮助我一下,可不可以。Give me some help, okay?Compare 另见nga ngassa ssaza³³ za³³
ssaxlza̠⁶⁶🔊v.get out of the way; make way让开/ràng kāi/Niur eil ddei caezi ssaxl nr saexl. 这个牛不知道让车子。This cow does not know it needs to let (the) car get by.1. The Loxrlavu word is /bael/ but most people use this loan word now. 彝族话 /bael/ 是‘让’的意思,但是一般人都用 /ssal/ 这个借词。In loanwords, the Mandarin Chinese /r/ often becomes the Central Yi /ss/, [z].借词中的 /r/,在彝语中通常用 /ss/, [z] 的音来发出。Compare 另见baelssaxl za̠⁶⁶
sseize³³🔊1adj.durable; reliable; structurally sound; sturdy/láo/Yaa ddei zzaegu mel yarzi naxrcixl, yarzi ssei, yel hormo koxl nei sser wo a.他们家的东西很宝贵,很牢,所以用了好几年。Their thing(s) are high quality, very durable, so (they) can use (them) for many years.Baezo eil zex yarzi ssei, gga lei gga te nr ddo.这股绳子很牢,拉也拉不断。This rope is very strong, it can't be pulled and broken.2adv.firmly; still/zhù/Nia fa dae nia, armael leil guaxr ssei xie nia.你们要小心,要管得住自己。You need to be careful to firmly control yourselves.Sulzzasu hal ddox mel cux ssei nr ddo a, hacixl-hage.那个学生坐不住,动来动去。That student can't sit still, (s/he) moves here and there.Compare 另见dolsseiddodolverddosseigussersseiddosser ssei xieversseize³³
sseize³³n.column; pillar; post柱子/zhùzi/In the context of building a home the /sseigu/ 'column; pillar; post' can be shortened to /ssei/.Compare 另见sseigu
sseiguze³³kɤ³³🔊n.column; pillar; post柱子/zhùzi/Xi zi a mel, sseigu zza saelnei ver a.盖房子,有柱子才牢。When building a house, there must be posts for it to be sturdy.Xi zi a, ssei sser dae mel mel, yilzal'ael zza sael sser cexr.盖房子,用的柱子要有一丈二才可以用。When building a house, the posts have to be 3.5 meters long in order to be used.In the context of building a home the /sseigu/ can be shortened to /ssei/.Compare 另见sseissei
sseiguze³³kɤ³³
sseirsseilsseirze²¹ze⁵⁵ze²¹adj.sparkling闪闪发光/shǎn shǎn fā guāng/Yar pia xiux sseirsseilsseir yarzi bbo.她的衣服闪闪发光特别亮。His/her sparking clothes were very bright.sseirsseilsseirze²¹ze⁵⁵ze²¹
sserzə²¹🔊v.put up with; tolerate/rěn/Si ngo leil bbeix vuxryixr lei, ngo sser dae lalnga; si leil nr seir nr bei.别人侮辱我,我只是忍着,没有做对别人不好的。Though others mock me, I will just tolerate (them); (I) won't treat others badly.In loanwords, the Mandarin Chinese /r/ often becomes the Central Yi /ss/ [z].借词中的 /r/,在彝语中通常用 /ss/, [z] 的音来发出。Compare 另见sserddosser gex daessersseiddosser ssei xiesserzə²¹
sserzə²¹🔊v.use/yòng/Ngua mermi su ssormaer mel azo bber lei, baepir sser a bber.我们地方的女人背什么都用背绳背。The women where we are from, no matter what they carry on their backs, (they) use a strap that goes around their forehead to carry (things) on their back.Compare 另见sser ggiesserzə²¹
ssercixrhualzə²¹tsʰɿ̠²¹xʷa⁵⁵🔊n.banter善意地逗弄/shànyì de dòuhào/Halcar a mel, caleixlssor ssormaerleixl mel zzicarzzi dax degax a mel, ssercixrhual bbeix.以前小伙子和小姑娘开玩笑的时候,是说 “ssercixrhual”。In times past, when the young men and young women were kidding around, they would banter (with each other).In the past, a part of the culture was to have a kind of creative bantering back and forth between a young man who came courting and the young woman he was courting. This practice is not being passed on to the young people.sserqixrhualzə²¹tʃʰi̠²¹xʷa⁵⁵
sserddozə²¹-do³³🔊adj.tolerant忍耐/rěnnài/Capor maerssor cirgo a nixixl goxr a mel, sserddo nia.夫妻在一起过日子,要有忍耐。When a man and woman live together, they need to be patient.Compare 另见ssersser gex daessertexr zzasserddaxzə²¹-da̠⁴⁴
sser gex daezə²¹ kɯ̠⁴⁴ tɛ³³🔊v.persevere忍受/rěnshòu/Yar capor yar leil hie a lei, yar sser gex dae.她丈夫虽然骂她,她忍受着。Though her husband scolds her, she perseveres.loanCompare 另见ssersserddossersseiddosser ssei xiessertexr zzasser gexzə²¹ kɯ̠⁴⁴
sser ggiezə²¹ gʲɛ³³🔊n.need; place of need用的/yòng de/Ca hal ddei zzirbbae yarzi be a, sser ggie lei nr zza a.那个人钱太多了,没地方用了。That person is very rich, (and) doesn't have (financial) need.Compare 另见ggiessersser ggiezə²¹ gʲɛ³³
sser loxr ddozə²¹ lo̠²¹ do³³v.have enough
ssersseiddozə²¹-ze³³-do³³adj.durable/láo/Zzaeggu eil ddei yarzi ssersseiddo.这个东西很耐用。This thing is very durable.Compare 另见dolsseiddosseissersser gex daesser ssei xiessersseiddaxzə²¹-ze³³-da̠⁴⁴
sser ssei xiezə²¹ ze³³ ʃʲɛ³³🔊v.endure; persevere受得了/shòu dé liǎo/Ssormaer hal ddei mel, yar capor cirni-cirni yar leil deil lei, yar halae yarzi sser ssei xie.虽然那个女人的丈夫每天都打她,她还是忍受得了。That woman, though her husband hits her every day, she is still able to persevere very well.Compare 另见sseissersser gex daessersseiddosser ssei ddaxzə²¹ ze³³ da̠⁴⁴
ssertexr zzazə²¹tə̠ʔ²¹ dza³³v.have patience; patient有忍耐/yǒu rěnnài/Ngo mel pixrqixl yarzi cer a, ssertexr nr zza, yar zzael yarzi ssertexr zza.我平气很坏,没有忍耐,他却很有忍耐。My disposition is very bad, (I) don't have any patience, but as for him/her (s/he) has lots of patience.In loanwords, the Mandarin Chinese /r/ often becomes the Central Yi /ss/ [z].借词中的 /r/,在彝语中通常用 /ss/, [z] 的音来发出。Compare 另见sserddosser gex daessertexr zzazə²¹tə̠ʔ²¹ dza³³
sser zoxrzə²¹ tzo̠ʔ²¹v.need需要用/xūyào yòng/Eilcar xi zi a mel, zzirbae yarzi miur sser zoxr.现在盖房子,需要用很多钱。Now when building a house, (a person) needs to use a lot of money.sser zoxrzə²¹ tzo̠ʔ²¹
ssexlzə̠⁶⁶🔊1v.acknowledge; admit承认/chéngrèn/Zzaegu eil ddei yar bei xiaxr gger, nael yar ssexl nr bel a.这个东西是他弄坏的,但是他不敢承认了。S/he broke this thing, but s/he does not dare admit it.2recognize认出来/rèn chū lái/Yar ddei mur hal ddei mel seirpor ssexl, yel kebal ca mel zzaer wo nr xie.他的那匹马认出来主人,所以其他人不能骑。His/her horse recognizes its owner, so other people can not ride (it).Yar aniuxssor tor, ngo yar leil mia goxr a; eilboxl yar vaer ho a, ngo halae yar leil ssexl teixl lei.他小时候,我看见过他;现在他已经长大了,我还是把他认出来了。When s/he was still a small child, I saw him/her; now after s/he is grown, I still recognize him/her.In loanwords, the Mandarin Chinese /r/ often becomes the Central Yi /ss/ [z].借词中的 /r/,在彝语中通常用 /ss/, [z] 的音来发出。ssexlzə̠⁶⁶
ssizɿ³³🔊1v.go/qù/Ni zzaegu vur ggie ssi a, ngo leil zzaegu ar ddei vae gger si la.你去商店帮我买一个东西去。When you go to the store, buy me something.Almeixr zzor ji ho a, yar aniux ddox leil bber dae a, zalbbaer ssi dae.吃过饭后,她背着孩子在外面走。After eating, she carried her child on her back, and went outside.2AUX (direction)助(方向)(direction away from the speaker)/zǒu/Yar sulzzaggie gga ddir a, sulzzasu mel leil mul gger ssi a.他学校进了,教给学生去了。S/he entered the school, going to teach the students.An auxiliary (AUX) is defined as a word which accompanies the main verb in a clause and helps to make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the verb. Some verbs function as main verbs of movement as well as auxiliaries showing direction.助动词的定义是:一个字在子句或从句中,伴随着主要动词;可以帮助区分‘情绪,氛围’,‘时序,时机’或‘动词的方向’。 有一些词可以用作含有移动性的主要动词,或用作助动词以显明方向。3IMP祈使式(表示动作从说话人所在的地方)/dòngzuò cóng shuōhuà rén suǒzài de dìfāng/Almer lei a, ni ngua ake ssi a, ngo pia mel arleixr vei du gger ssi!下雨了,你去我们家把我的衣服收起来一下!It is raining, go to our house, (and) put my clothes away. (They are hanging to dry outside).Camar hal ddox ssi lei ssi ver nr xie a, ni yar leil arleixr gga ssi!那个老人走也走不稳了,你去拉她一下!That old person can't walk steadily, go lead him/her.The /ssi/ 'go' is sometimes pronounced /yi/ even in Mayou. The above sentence could beː /Camar hal ddox ssi lei ssi ver nr xie a, ni yar leil arleixr gga yi!/. Any of the /ssi/ verbs could be exchanged with /yi/ in that sentence.Compare 另见ddongosul zza ssiyizzaegu vae ssiyi ʝi³³

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