xiʃi³³🔊1v.动pass传/chuán/Yar ddei ssormine mel, cir zeix cir zeix, eine xi zei lei.他的后代是这样一代一代的传下来的。His descendants are passed down from generation to generation in this way.This word is used only in this context--talking about passing from generation to generation--and the Mandarin Chinese word 传 'pass (on/down)' is often used instead of this word these days.2miss漏/lòu/Cirdaedae a ngabbor mi mor a, mor xi a, dae dil nr ddo.有时候我爸爸犁田，犁漏了，栽不进去。Sometimes where my father plows, (he) misses (a section) and (seeds) can't be planted (in those spots).hie xʲe³³xiʃi³³
Yao'an Loxrlavu - English
x
xiʃʲi³³🔊n.名head lice; louse虱子/shīzi/Halcar a, ca mel sol a yar bei sei-nr-beix a, ggecir leil xi zza.以前的人穷，不讲卫生，身体上有虱子。In times past, people were very poor and did (things that were) not clean, (so) there was lice on their bodies.1. The flea /korxi/ is different from the head lice which is /xi/. /korxi/ 与 /xi/ 不同，是虱子，指长在头上的虱子。xi ~ xie.Compare 另见korxixiexiʃi³³
xiʃi³³🔊n.名building; house房子/fángzi/Yar ddei xi mel six bei teixl lei.她的房子是用木头做的。His/her house is made out of wood.Zzi gga xi mel yarzi miur, yarzi mu.城市的楼房很多，很高。There are many tall buildings in the city.xi ~ xie.Compare 另见neir xiseirpor xixiezzomei-lelxixiʃi³³
xiaʃʲa³³🔊v.动sew the strip of flowers on to the bottom and sides of the Yi apron镶/xiāng/Loxrlamo pia naexr a mel, naexr har ho vixlux cir zex cir zex mel mae leil xia ngexl nia. 缝彝族人的衣服，要把绣好的一条一条的花镶在布上。When Yi women sew clothing, after the flowers have been sewn, each strip has to be sewn on (to the clothing).1. This verb is only used with the /goxrdoxl/ and the /leixrniuxl/. It was reported that this word is not used in the village of ZhangJia.据说张家村那里不用此字。loan借词
xiaʃʲa³³🔊v. (secondary)次动clean干净/gānjìng/Ni ngo ddei pia xiux cir xia xia a? 你把我的衣服洗干净了没有。Did you wash my clothes clean?Ni zzirga six a, six nr xia. 你扫地，没有扫干净。When you swept, (you) did not sweep (it) clean.Ni zaezir zoxr ca nr xia. 你桌子没有擦干净。You did not wipe the table clean.1. Secondary verbs differ from main verbs in that they never occur at the head of the verb phrase--they follow the main verb. If the main verb is not stated, the secondary verb still comes second and the main verb is replaced by /bei/ 'do 做'. For example, /nge laexl/ (cry pretend) is 'pretend to cry'. But if it is just 'pretend' without stating what is being pretended, then it is /bei laexl/ (do pretend). Secondary verbs differ from auxiliaries in that, while there is a logical and sequential relationship between the main verb and the secondary verb, the secondary verb does not make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the main verb. 次要动词与主要动词之分别是，次要动词从来不在动词子句之首，它们跟在主要动词之后。假如主要动词没有指明或出现，就用 /bei/ ‘做’来代表主要动词。譬如， /nge laexl/ （哭 装） 是 ‘装哭’。 假如只说 ‘装’而没有说装什么，就要说 /bei laexl/ (装做)。次要动词与助动词的不同是：次要动词与主要动词之间有逻辑上和顺序上的关系，助动词并不表明主要动词的时间， 方向，或情绪、语气。“A Dictionary of Linguistics & Phonetics” edited by David Crystal (Fifth Edition) defines serial verb constructions as “...a type of construction for a sequence of verbs or verb phrases within a clause (or sequence of clauses) in which the syntactic relationship between the items is left unmarked. The verbs share a semantic argument, but there is no conjunction or inflection to mark co-ordination or subordination.”由 David Crystal 主编的“A Dictionary of Linguistics & Phonetics” “语言学和语音学字典”对“动词序列”下的定义是 … 在一个从句（或一系列的从句）中，一系列的动词或动词短语的结构里面，项目之间的语法没有标记。 这些动词都带着或分担着共同语义的参数，但其间没有连接词或词形变化来指出同等或附属地位。xia ʃʲa³³
xiahorʃʲa³³-xo²¹🔊adj.形friendly; on good terms友好/yǒuhǎo/Ca medeil eil te niur eil nrnel leil zzi dax xiahor nia bbeix.这个傻子叫这两头牛要互相友好。This crazy person says these two oxen should be friendly with each other.1. It was reported that this word is not used in the village of ZhangJia.据说张家村那里不用此字。loan借词Compare 另见xiahorzzi
xiahor-carbeixʃʲa³³xo²¹-tsʰa²¹pe̠⁴⁴n.名friend朋友/péngyǒu/Ngo xiahor-carbeix hormoler nei zza, nael eilleix yaa leil mia nr goxr hormo koxl nei nga a.我有好几个朋友，但是现在已经有好几年没见到他们了。I have many friends, but lately I have not seen them for many years.Compare 另见gaxggor-carbeixgaxwor-caxrbeix ka̠⁴⁴wo²¹-tsʰa²¹pe̠⁴⁴
xiahuaxlʃʲa³³xʷa̠⁶⁶🔊v.动digest消化/xiāohuà/Yar zzor miur a, xiahuaxl nr xie .她吃多了消化不了。S/he ate a lot, (so s/he) could not digest (it all).Labialization occurring in words that are not borrowed from Mandarin Chinese is simply the result of a consonant plus /o/ combination, where the influence from the /o/ vowel—which is pronounced with rounded lips—causes the labialization. This diphthong /ʷo/ is in free variation with the /o/; there is no contrast. If some other vowel, other than /o/, follows a labialized consonant, the word is probably a Mandarin Chinese loan.唇发音出现在非源自汉语的字群中，是子音加上 /o/ 的结果。这是由元音字母 /o/ 所带来的影响 – 嘴唇做圆形状而发出的音 – 而产生的唇发音。双元音 /o/ 是与 /o/ 自由变化；没有对比。如果有其他非 /o/ 的元音，跟在一个唇发音子音之后，这个字很可能是来自汉语的借词。xiahuaxlʃʲa³³xʷa̠⁶⁶
xialbalzuaʃʲa⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ tsʷa³³🔊n.名the outside walls of a house下半砖/xiàbànzhuān/Xialbalzua ddaexr a mel, sixjiuxr ddei leil ddaexr deix.打下半墙要打在石脚上。When building the outside walls of a house, (they) are built on a foundation.Labialization occurring in words that are not borrowed from Mandarin Chinese is simply the result of a consonant plus /o/ combination, where the influence from the /o/ vowel—which is pronounced with rounded lips—causes the labialization. This diphthong /ʷo/ is in free variation with the /o/; there is no contrast. If some other vowel, other than /o/, follows a labialized consonant, the word is probably a Mandarin Chinese loan.唇发音出现在非源自汉语的字群中，是子音加上 /o/ 的结果。这是由元音字母 /o/ 所带来的影响 – 嘴唇做圆形状而发出的音 – 而产生的唇发音。双元音 /o/ 是与 /o/ 自由变化；没有对比。如果有其他非 /o/ 的元音，跟在一个唇发音子音之后，这个字很可能是来自汉语的借词。xialbalzuaʃʲa⁵⁵ pa⁵⁵ tsʷa³³
xialil-xialorʃʲa³³ɮi⁵⁵-ʃʲa³³ɮo²¹🔊idiom习语loudly大声的/dà shēng de/Ssormaer hal ddei, yar capor si a, yar xialil-xialor aenge dae.那个女人她丈夫死了，她大声的哀哭着。That woman's husband died (so) she loudly wailed.This /xialil-xialor/ is usually referring to the way women talk when excited, while the /bbialil-bbialor/ can refer to either men or women.Compare 另见bbialil-bbialorbbialil-bbialor bʲa³³ɮi⁵⁵-bʲa³³ɮo²¹
xialxiaʃʲa⁵⁵ʃʲa³³adj.形all; everySaerzzei saer niar nr var yarcaxlleixr mel, ngabbor dder maelmaer ddaex pixl gger. Saer niar var mel nael dder yarcaxlleixr ssor mel xialxia ddaex pixl gger a saer hanol niar lol.不会结果子的果树，我父亲就全部剪掉了。会结果子的就把小的树杈全部剪掉让他结更多的果子。My father cuts off every branch on the fruit tree that doesn’t produce fruit. But every branch that does produce fruit, he trims and makes it produce even more fruit. xialxiaʃʲa⁵⁵ʃʲa³³
xiarʃʲa²¹🔊v.动think想/xiǎng/Azo lerler bei a lei, xiar har ho a saelnei bei ddo.做什么事情，都要想好了才能做。Whatever (you) do, (you) should think about it before doing it.Compare 另见xiar har hoxiarʃʲa²¹
xiarbeiʃʲa²¹pe³³🔊v.动be enlightened; change the mind; realize想通/xiǎngtōng/Arni ngo cix zildu a; nael eilni ngo hormo xiarbei a, zabbar-seilseir a ca mu nia.昨天我伤心极了，但是今天我想通了很多，要好好的做人。Yesterday I was extremely unhappy, but today I had a change of heart, (and) tried to behave well.Halleix capor hal ddei cirni-cirni zzibbaer ddayixr, nael eilboxl yar xiarbei a, zzibbaer nr dda a.以前那个男人天天喝醉酒，但是现在他想通了不喝酒了。Before that man got drunk every day, but now he has changed the way he thinks, (and) does not drink liquor.xiarbeiʃʲa²¹pe³³
xiar ciʃʲa²¹ tsʰɿ³³🔊v.动imagine; reflect on; think about; think of想到/xiǎng dào/Ssormaer hal ddei yarzi goxrsol a, yar cirza-hanga lei xiar ci a.那个女人生活很苦，她想到了一切。That woman is very miserable, she is reflecting on lots of things.Arggeni ni azo bei nia mel, ngo eilni dder xiar ci ho a.明天你要做什么事情，我今天就想到了。What you are going to do tomorrow, (is) what I thought of today.Yar no a, yar leil guaxrsu lei nr zza a, yar dder yar ddei gaxggor carbeix ar ddei leil xiar ci a.她病了没有人管她，她就想到了一个朋友。S/he was sick, and did not have anyone to care for him/her, so s/he thought of a friend (to help him/her).xiar qiʃʲa²¹ tʃʰi³³
xiarcixl-xiargeʃʲa²¹tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶-ʃʲa²¹kɯ³³🔊idiom习语mull over something; ponder; think about反复思想/fǎnfù sīxiǎng/Yar xiarcixl-xiarge arcixl xiar doxr saelnei kardu taex arddolmaex dol holcir du lei a.她想来想去想了一阵才，想起来帽子放在什么地方。S/he pondered awhile before remembering where (s/he) put (his/her) hat.Compare 另见beixcixl-beixgehacixl-hagehacixl-hagemaexcixl-maexgemaexcixl-maexgessicixl-ssigexiarqil-xiargeʃʲa²¹tʃʰi⁵⁵-ʃʲa²¹kɯ³³
xiarcixl-xiargeʃʲa²¹tsʰɿ̠⁶⁶-ʃʲa²¹kɯ³³idiom习语mull over something; ponder; think this and that反复思想/fǎnfù sīxiǎng/Yar xiarcixl-xiarge arcixl xiar doxr saelnei kardu taex arddolmaex dol holcir du lei a.她想来想去想了一阵才，想起来帽子放在什么地方。S/he pondered awhile before remembering where (s/he) put (his/her) hat.Compare 另见beixcixl-beixgehacixl-hagemaexcixl-maexgessicixl-ssigexiarqixl-xiargeʃʲa²¹tʃʰi̠⁶⁶-ʃʲa²¹kɯ³³
xiargoʃʲa²¹ko³³🔊n.名unskilled laborer小工/xiǎogōng/Eilcar a, leixlsu cirddei-hanga lei xiargo mu ssi meixr.现在的每个年轻人都喜欢去打小工。These days, all the young people like to go be laborers (in the cities).This Chinese Mandarin loanword is used more and more instead of the Loxrlavu word /wormulel/ 'do manual labor for pay'.Compare 另见miarbeisuwormulelwormusuxiargoʃʲa²¹ko³³
xiar har hoʃʲa²¹ xa²¹ xo³³🔊v.动decided; determined; thought about ahead of time决定了/júedìng le/Ni arggeni maerssor bbeix a, ni xiar har ho a ngo?你明天结婚，你决定好了吗？Have you decided if you are going to get married tomorrow?Ngo xiar har ho a; ngo eine bei nr ddo.我想好了，我不能这样做。I have decided I must not do this.Compare 另见harhoxiarxiar qiuʃʲa²¹ tʃʰʲo³³
xiar lei xiar nr ciʃʲa²¹ ɮe³³ ʃʲa²¹ n̩²¹ tsʰɿ³³🔊v.动never dreamed; never thought没想到/méi xiǎng dào/Yar ssormaer ddox dalxiuxr kor lal var, yar xiar lei xiar nr ci.她没想到她女儿会考上大学。S/he never dreamed his/her daughter would be able to pass the university entrance exam.xiar lei xiar nr qiʃʲa²¹ ɮe³³ ʃʲa²¹ n̩²¹ tʃʰi³³
Yao’an Loxrlavu Dictionary © 2018 SIL International®
