Appendices 18 – 25

 

 

10/16/02—9/10/03
APPENDICES 18 - 25.02

 

 


 

Appendix 18: A 24-hour day ( kdaw )

 

tanay klóót onuk
First crowing of rooster.

 

gwun dulék kmóót
Second crowing of rooster.

 

getlun dulék kmóót
Third crowing of rooster.

 

gfaten dulék kmóót
Fourth crowing of rooster.

 

kafi mwas/kafi haya
About 3:00 a.m., almost daybreak.

 

minal mwas
First sign of dawn.

 

mwas
Dawn.

 

kekmò onuk te tonok
The jumping down of birds/fowl to the ground.

 

sut mata kdaw
Sun comes up (sunrise).

 

hlafus
Early morning; the first part of the day between dawn and midday.

 

mneged kdaw
Climbing of the sun.

 

sóól mneged kdaw
About mid-morning.

 

kemdaw/gtungu
Noon time.

 

talak kemdaw
Middle of the day.

 

teklé/klé kdaw
Tipping down of the sun about 1:00 p.m.

 

sóól mosol kdaw
About mid-afternoon.

 

kimel
Late afternoon.

 

mosol kdaw
Ascending of the sun.

 

seklewet
Twilight.

 

sdef kdaw
Dusk.

 

kifu
Dark.

 

mget kifu
Tight darkness.

 

senga ngà
Children are asleep.

 

senga tau lembang
Deep sleep of adults.

 

sóól buteng
Midnight/middle of the night.

 


 

Appendix 19: Sounds

 

andal
Sound of an engine, wind or heartbeat.

 

blabad
Music (huge dull sound) produced on the drum (such as a plastic can or basket) that is played along with the klintang .

 

dfo
Sound of a fire that is very fast burning (dry and hot).

 

dongos
Whimper, whine.

 

geng
A continuous humming, buzzing sound.

 

glung
Warning call of the omen bird.

 

gtek1
Abrupt sound, as the ticking of a clock.

 

hetbà
Sound of things being thrown.

 

heyof
Sound of blowing on a fire through a bamboo tube; sound of a horse snorting.

 

hwé2
Sound when a coffin is finished, when the top and bottom are pounded together.

 

kakak
Hen’s cackle.

 

kdél
Horse’s friendly whinny of recognition.

 

kdét
Sound of creaking, as when pulling something tight out of a hole.

 

kesi
Sound produced as water starts to boil.

 

kiling
Sound of brass ankle bracelets with little metal balls in them.

 

kla
Calling sound of a monkey or young hornbill.

 

klek
Clucking of a hen as when calling her chicks.

 

klét2
Squeal of a mouse.

 

kligol
Sound of something being stirred.

 

klóót
Sound of a rooster crowing.

 

kmabu
Sound on one’s body, as when being hit with a punch or a kick.

 

kodok
Sound of something boiling, bubbling up or firearms.

 

kokok
Cackle of hen.

 

kolong
Sound of flushing as it flows through a pipe; of liquid being swallowed.

 

ksê
Sound of something being torn.

 

kwak
Squeal of a pig being chased and bitten by a dog.

 

kwasék
Sound or cry of a monkey.

 

lebagal
Sound of banging things, as kettles and dishes being used, gongs.

 

lebebeg
Sound of rain; rumble, as a plane landing or a group of people shuffling along on the ground.

 

leblut
Sound of expelling gas during bowel movement.

 

lefluk
Flapping sound of bird or chicken wings as they fly.

 

legdeg
Sound of footsteps, walking or running.

 

leglós
Sound of grass and rocks being crushed.

 

leglus
Sound of something being released, of rushing down a hill.

 

legtus
Sound of a bow and arrow being put together in readiness to shoot; sound of something breaking, as a rope holding up something heavy as it stretches and breaks.

 

legwét
Sound of clothes, cloth being torn.

 

lekakas1
Slight rustling sound.

 

lekama
Rustling sound in the grass.

 

lekbù
Sound of something landing in the water.

 

lekdet
Sound of something hard to pull out, as teeth.

 

lekedê
Breaking sound, as dry twigs being walked on, big tree falling due to strong wind, or floor-joists due to too much weight.

 

lekedot
Sound of rope breaking or cloth tearing or cracking of knuckles.

 

lekekob
Crunching sound.

 

lekengi
Sound of sand/tiny stones or dirt when chewed in food.

 

lekengot
Crunching sound, as of raw cabbage, carrots being eaten.

 

lekéké
Soft rustling sound.

 

leklas
Sound of something dropping or thrown onto the floor or into the grass.

 

leklok
Sound of rushing, as a group running or of something falling or gurgling in a hole.

 

leklub
Gurgling sound of liquid as it passes through the throat when drinking.

 

lekmù
Sound of frogs jumping into the water to escape a predator.

 

lekngé
Small sound of something moving in the grass or hole, just once.

 

lekokot
Sound of anything that rattles while shaken in a container.

 

leksà
Sound of a gun being cocked.

 

lektê1
Sound of something hard as it lands on something hard; sound produced as when whipping someone or something with a stick.

 

lektos
Sound of grabbing something with force in anger.

 

lekwas1
Sound of a waterfall or liquid spilling on a hard surface.

 

lekwék
Sound of something breaking when intending to only bend it.

 

lendel
Rumble, as thunder, airplanes.

 

lesbeg
Thudding sound.

 

letà
Sound produced when clicking the tongue.

 

letak
Sound of glass cracking.

 

letbuk
Thumping sound.

 

letengò
Sound of chewing, as when breaking sugarcane off with one’s teeth.

 

letkéb1
Sound of something hard hitting something hard.

 

letkob
Crunchy sound, as when eating hard kernels of roasted corn or raw cassava.

 

leték
Thunder.

 

letfak
Sound of something falling flat against something flat.

 

letfék
Sound of expelling air through the lips.

 

letfés
Sound of a bow string being loosened, of an umbrella being closed.

 

letfung
Sound of a gun or an arrow as it is shot into the air.

 

letfus
Sound of a tree falling; sound of tuber plants that break off in the ground when being pulled up.

 

letnék
Sound produced in the throat, as a newly delivered baby struggles to breath or cry.

 

letnò
Sound of a louse as it is being crushed.

 

letsà
Sound of head lice popping, a gun being cocked, or a pig eating fat ground worms.

 

lewagad
Sound of things banging or falling as one hurries through them.

 

lewedeg2
Noise of many feet on the floor (like the sound of soup boiling).

 

leyof
Sound of air escaping, as from a ball, tire; the sound of air released, as through a carabao’s nose.

 

linggeng
Continuous humming, buzzing sound, as of bees, planes, cars, chain saw.

 

lugung
Rumble, thunder.

 

luk1
Sound, as of rain, wind, fire, motor.

 

lungkul
Sound of a river when flooded; beginning rumble of thunder; a guitar that has good volume.

 

mebasal
Sharp and distinct, as the sound made by bells jingling; a person’s voice that is very nice to listen to, pleasant.

 

nadê
Sound and act of expressing pain, as Ouch!.

 

ngadéy
Sound and act of expressing extreme pain, unbelief or disapproval.

 

ngak onuk
Warning sound a hen produces in its throat when seeing an enemy.

 

ngaw
Meow of a cat.

 

ngel1
Growl while holding something in its mouth, as a cat or dog.

 

nges
Whine of a dog.

 

nguk
Screech of a monkey.

 

sdenen
Sound of inhaling after crying, snuffle.

 

sedsù
Sound of a gun being cocked or a fancy bolo being taken out of its scabbard.

 

seflet
Squish, the sound of one walking in mud or when pounding taro or some other juicy substance.

 

sendù
Hiccough.

 

séb
Sound that is harsh, irritating to the ears, as the sizzling, sputtering sound of frying or fat falling into the fire.

 

séhék
Sound of two things rubbing together.

 

sgék
Squeak of bamboo rubbing together; death rattle of people.

 

sgok
Squeal of a pig when being chased or killed.

 

slel
Sound in a kettle as liquid begins to boil.

 

slumfê
A certain sound and style of pounding rice.

 

sngal
Singing of a song; a song.

 

sténgkél
Sound of things banging or falling as one hurries through them.

 

stuntung
Prolonged sounds of explosives, as when many grenades explode together; round bamboos being burned; rocks hitting each other as they are being carried by the strong current of a flood.

 

suléng
Discordant sound of two gongs having almost the same tone/pitch.

 

swit1
Whistle produced by blowing hard between two fingers inserted in the mouth.

 

syukuk
Rhythmic sound of two pestles being used to pound rice in one mortar.

 

tbal
Sound of chopping, cutting, tapping or pounding.

 

tbol2
Sound produced when beating something with two sticks.

 

tbuk klélét
Music tune mimicking the woodpecker sound.

 

tekok
Sound produced when one gags.

 

tekokok
Warning sounds of roosters and hens as they go along together.

 

Popping sound of the corn or rice kernel as it pops when placed over the fire.

 

tfung
Sound of a gun shot into the air.

 

titik
Sound of a tiny chick.

 

tkak
Hen’s cackle after she lays an egg; loud laughter.

 

tlik
Sound of young birds or chicks first learning to peck.

 

tlò sit
Sound of maya birds eating in the rice field.

 

tnéhém
Sound produced when clearing one’s throat.

 

tnék
Sound produced in the throat, as when a newborn baby struggles to cry.

 

totot
Sound produced by a horn, an engine, a gun or a mouth

 

tsek
Clicking sound made by the tongue, tsk, tsk.

 

ugem
Noise, grunt.

 

uni1
Sound, noise, generic.

 

utóm1
Imitation of sounds by instrumental music, as rain, horses galloping; harmony.

 

Loud whinny of a horse showing pride.

 

yof
(Of animals) snort, the sound of air being expelled through the nostrils.

 


 

Appendix 20: Reptiles

 

bkong
The smallest land lizard.

 

bkong lemnaw
A kind of lizard, green.

 

bkong lobong
A fat lizard.

 

bkungù
An amphibious, brown lizard somewhat like the tree lizard but longer.

 

bwangkug
Crocodile.

 

bwaya1
Crocodile.

 

hnu
Turtle.

 

ibid
Brown lizard.

 

ibid tonok
Ground lizard with a dorsal fin.

 

ibid tuduk
Forest lizard sung about in lullabies.

 

kefifit
Flying tree lizard.

 

kyalu
Smallest green tree lizard.

 

kyol
Monitor lizard, large, colored black and yellow.

 

légél
A kind of snake.

 

mangat balay
House lizard.

 

mebasag
Big jungle snake.

 

sedef
Cobra.

 

sowu
Python, boa constrictor.

 

sowu lunut
Python.

 

swaga
Legendary snake having eight tails.

 

ulal
Snake, generic.

 


 

Appendix 21: Implements

 


 

Appendix 21.1: Hunting and war implements

 

agas1
Spears, generic.

 

asad1
Bullet.

 

bak tukô
Sharp, pointed arrow.

 

bala suk
Bullet.

 

blos1
Simple, plain, blunted arrows, used for play or training purposes.

 

boho1
Hunting bow.

 

buyus
Ordinary, large hunting spear.

 

dugóng suk
Gunstock.

 

duluk
Hunting knife; dagger; a short double-bladed knife.

 

gebyak
Spear, generic, usually a weapon used for war.

 

gtì
Shoot with bow and arrow.

 

hanak
Arrow, generic.

 

hedut
Short, fast arrow used as a weapon.

 

henlù
Bullet.

 

hiit
Tiny arrow made completely from bamboo, usually used by children for practice in using bow and arrow.

 

hosut1
A kind of arrow.

 

kebibi
Wide-bladed bolo, used only as a weapon.

 

kfilan
Fancy, long-bladed bolo with curved handle used for war.

 

klowit
Metal-tipped arrow that is used for killing pigs.

 

klung
Rectangular shield made of wood.

 

lewet
Poisoned arrow used for killing pigs.

 

litag
Pronged, metal arrow that can not slip back out, used for animals, even people.

 

luub1
Arrow that has a jacket holder covering the sharp end.

 

sbat
Arrow used for hunting wild pig which is smaller than a spear and has prongs.

 

sebat
Long, rattan-handled spear with iron head, used for hunting wild pig and in war.

 

senbul
Bamboo spear used for hunting wild pig, very sharp pointed.

 

slamfang
Six-pronged spear gun about 1 m. long, made of bamboo or light wood.

 

slufang
Three-pronged arrow used for hunting birds.

 

snafang
Gun, generic.

 

tbilang
Short arrow used in fighting.

 

tdadul
Slingshot.

 

tinggal
Gun, toy gun (generic).

 

tlofuk
Blunt arrow.

 

ubat
Bullet.

 

ulón
Way of hunting field rats.

 

ulus
Shot gun.

 


 

Appendix 21.2: Harvesting and planting implements

 

alab/galab
Sickle, a reaping hook with a semi-circular blade and short handle.

 

asay
Hatchet.

 

badung
Bolo with a curved, wide blade.

 

bakbak
Hammer.

 

bangkung
Work bolo.

 

beyung
Long-handled axe.

 

blis
Small 6 or 7 in. sharpened piece of bamboo used for harvesting corn.

 

dadu
Plow.

 

dulis
Scraper or knife used to scrape the burned hair off a pig or deer hide.

 

dwél
Prybar.

 

egel
Sharpened stick used for making holes in the ground when planting corn, beans, cucumbers.

 

ehek
Dibble-stick, a pointed stick used to dig holes for planting rice.

 

ehek tefak
Dibble-stick with a noise maker on the top so that it makes a clapping sound as the holes are made.

 

éhék
Sharpening stone.

 

fala
Shovel.

 

fat dangaw
Four-handspan long bolo used in bartering at weddings.

 

fiku
Pickaxe.

 

gbut1
Long work bolo, but accidentally broken off, with about one-fourth left at the base.

 

get1
Handsaw.

 

hokol
Short wide-bladed bolo.

 

hotuk
Hatchet or axe of the Tboli before World War II.

 

kadas1
Harrow used in field work.

 

kbahù
Small all-purpose knife used by men.

 

kdang1
Type of work bolo.

 

kleng huhed
Fancy knife (bolo/kris).

 

klo
Weeding tool.

 

klut1
Saw-toothed piece of rounded metal used for scraping and grating coconut out of the shell.

 

kongò
Large bolo having a curved end.

 

lebaha
Razor blade, originally referring to the 6 in. razor blade.

 

legadaw
Sickle.

 

legadì
File.

 

lendasan
Anvil.

 

lenggaman
Rice harvesting knife.

 

limbas
Iron file used to sharpen metal.

 

lubón
Bellows, large bamboo tubes used for bellows in brass making.

 

lumak
Scabbard; sheath for sword or dagger.

 

okol1
Digging stick.

 

sanggut
Hoe with a pointed blade.

 

sokul1
Hoe.

 

sólón1
Machinist’s hammer with ball peen.

 

sudeng
Kris, also known as creese, a dagger with a serpentine blade used for trading between chiefs and worn by the bridegroom at weddings.

 

suk
Bolo, generic; weapon.

 

tabas
Bolo with a long curved blade.

 

tahù
Blade of an abaca stripper.

 

tefek
Largest work bolo.

 

teksì2
Tool (knife) used to strip abaca from the plant.

 

tiba
Bolo used for cutting tall grass.

 

tmo
Awl, a pointed instrument used for weaving in the design on baskets.

 

tók
Bolo with long blade.

 

tumba
Large, thin, wide, sharp bolo.

 


 

Appendix 22: Traps

 

alu1
Snare trap.

 

batang
A kind of pig trap.

 

blatik
Trap for pig, deer, monkey.

 

bwol
The part of a pig, rat, fox trap that springs suddenly and with force when entered.

 

dilan1
Heavy rat trap made of bamboo and roundwood.

 

hendieng
Trap for small birds.

 

hengalaf
Trap for hunting and fishing, generic.

 

hlugod1
A kind of pig trap.

 

holot
Noose-type snare for wild game.

 

iluy
Noose-type rat trap.

 

sulô1
T rap made of sharpened bamboo sticks placed at an angle.

 

tekef
Eel trap.

 

tébéd2
Trap for fowl or small animals.

 

tkob
A kind of rat trap.

 

tlunul
Part of a pig trap.

 

tufil
Snare-type trap for monkey and fox.

 


 

Appendix 23: Bamboo

 

afus
The largest kind of bamboo, thick, strong with edible shoots, used for flooring, fencing and house posts.

 

alis
A kind of small bamboo used for arrows.

 

bayug
A kind of small bamboo used for tying and building houses.

 

bentung
A very thin kind of bamboo used for walling.

 

kling
A kind of bamboo.

 

lahak
A kind of bamboo usually used for walling.

 

lasak
A kind of bamboo used for flooring or walls.

 

luos
Rattan, generic.

 

mbali
A kind of bamboo much like lahak , used for walling and fences.

 

naf
A kind of small bamboo used in weaving baskets.

 

nongu
A kind of rattan, the leaves of which are used for roofing .

 

seben
A kind of bamboo that is very small, used for making arrows and rat traps.

 

sufô
A kind of bamboo, large and thorny.

 


 

Appendix 24: Baskets

 

abì
A large basket used for harvesting.

 

beya
Bushel basket made of rattan.

 

bigu
A flat, shallow, wide winnowing basket with four inset corners.

 

bokog
A basket which has a cover and is bigger than a leban , wide at the bottom, narrow at the top.

 

kefì
A fairly large, flat shoulder bag, 12 x 18 inches, woven from a small bamboo with a triangle-shaped closure, used for carrying betel nut chews when doing field work or traveling.

 

kfilù
Rectangular basket with lid.

 

leban
A woven basket made in varying sizes, very pretty, used for many things.

 

lideng
Circular winnowing basket.

 

lihub
Large tree-bark container used to store rice.

 

safak
S mall, rectangular, woven, pocket basket used as a wall et.

 

seklat
Short, flat basket hung under the shelf over the firetable, used for drying lighter things like frogs, rats.

 

sólód
Basket with lid.

 

tebókóg
A kind of basket.

 

teef
Winnowing basket with one end open, having only two inset corners.

 

tfuul
Short small basket with cover used for putting away leftovers or food for a child already asleep.

 

tluhung1
Large shallow basket with cover used for putting away fineries, clothing.

 


 

Appendix 25: Fish

 


 

Appendix 25.1: Kinds of fish

 

alù
Mudfish.

 

betulù1
A kind of small round fish.

 

blanak1
A kind of large, reddish, scaly fish that appears at the time of harvesting the early rice.

 

blinow
Tiny fish, usually dried.

 

bonol
A kind of small fish, brown, white-bellied, scaly, very tasty but spoils easily.

 

hait
Minnows, a certain fresh water fish.

 

ifun
Small ocean fish.

 

ilaw
A kind of white-speckled fish with pointed nose and mouth.

 

kéténg
Any of various edible, bivalve mollusks as clams and oysters and their shells.

 

kili
Eel.

 

kléngé
Crab.

 

kmues
Squid.

 

kulóng1
Large shrimp.

 

mudang
Male crab.

 

óngô
A kind of fresh water fish that is small and somewhat round, resembling the mudfish but is about the size of one’s index finger.

 

tikung
Small shrimp.

 

tlapya
A kind of fish.

 

tulay
A kind of fish without scales found in the sea.

 


 

Appendix 25.2: Fishing implements

 

blangan
Part of a fishtrap that prevents the fish from escaping.

 

bnuun
A section of bamboo used as a container for little fish, frogs, crabs.

 

bu
A fish trap, somewhat cone-shaped, made of bamboo.

 

dulé
Fishhook.

 

huket
A large net used for fishing in deep water.

 

salaf
A funnel-shaped net for fishing, made from abaca.