Search results for "maN-"

nuN- TACR. 1this prefix encodes past tense and durative time aspect; it cross references the subject and is the default affix for Class 1 verbal roots. <Morphophonology: The velar consonant in coda position assimilates to the point of articulation of the first consonant in the root.> Nip-ot bo te nundogo ot mate. To top it all off, he fell sick and died. Om, te maid di hilhilbi hin ugge ta nun-adal ya maid di ngunu. Yes, because one is as good for nothing without education (lit. have not learned) and without a job. 2past tense, signals a durative aspect activity rather than a punctiliar action when co-occurring with a transitive verbal root, cross references subject. Nuntudokak ke hiya nimpe. 3when the prefix co-occurs with the reduplicant CV(C)-, it encodes past tense, durative-continuative aspect and cross references the subject. 4when this affix co-occurs with Class 6 verb roots, it changes statives to durative processes; it encodes past tense and cross references the subject. 5the prefix derives verbs from nouns; it encodes past tense and cross- references the subject. Man-ut nun-iskul mu ingganah grade four ya abu. He took formal education to grade four only Nun-ampuyo kamin am-in an binabai. All of us women wore the Ifugao skirt. 6the prefix encodes past tense, reflexive and cross references both the subject and object expressed in a single noun phrase. Indani ya naatu da nin nundopap. After a while maybe they were tired of grappling with each other.

naN- -an top. this circumfix topicalizes and cross-references a time or place; past tense. Ad Kiangan di nangayan da. Kiangan is the place where they went. Daanay em nangamungan ketuwen pagey? Where did you gather this rice? Sim: maN- -an; Sim: paN- -an₂. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)

naN- TACR. this prefix cross-references a topicalized agent-subject; co-occurs with Class 4 verbal roots; past tense. <Morphophonology: The final nasal of the prefix assimilates to the first consonant of the root, and then, reduces the consonant; if the vowel o follows the root consonant, the vowel will also be reduced.> Himmagob, nana-ang ya nunhigup hi bintok. He got water, he cooked and carried rice bundles into shade. Hi manang ya dingngol na damdama ot mundihhan namtik nah panto. As for my older brother, he heard it too and ran to the door at the same time. Hiyay nangalah kadukkayan kawayan. He is the one who got the longest bamboo. Takon nadan enungkanta ya nanayo ya uggeda nangan. Even those who participated in the songs and dances did not (eat). Mun-an-anlah inadan nangngol an dakol di inadal da. Their mother was happy to hear that they had learned so much. Sim: maN-. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)

man-upo (comp. of man-u) adjunct. expresses the reason for an expected result. Inilak an ad uwaniy poppog di biyag ku. Man-upo te hidiye tuwaliy maat am-in hi tatagu. (Job 30:23) I know now the end of my life. The reason is because that is certainly what happens to all people. Attitudinal. (sem. domains: 9.6.2.5.1 - Reason.)

man-uke (comp. of man-u, ke₂) adjunct. the reason being; the reason for. Man-uke kanak hidi ya adalon dan mumbaki nah eda pundongdongollan ya abu. The reason I say that is that they learn to recite the rituals and prayers by listening only. Man-uke ya maid di ammod da kinali umat hina da. The reason that they behave in that manner is because they do not have parents. Man-uke ya maddikit ya man-uke ya natalam. It’s partly that she’s good-looking and partly that she’s clever. Attitudinal. (sem. domains: 9.6.2.5 - Cause, 9.6.2.5.1 - Reason.)

man-u 1adjunct. to be fortunate; for something to be good for someone. Man-un ditaku te mangan takuh mumpitlu hin-algo yaden dakol day agun maid kanon da. Good for us because we can eat three times a day when there are many who have no food at all. Kanak hi nomnom kuy “Makamman-un dida te kay nakalakka. I said to myself, “It’s really good for them because it seems easy.” Evaluative. (sem. domains: 4.4.1 - Prosperity.) 2advpred. something is possible, but is not certain; modifies the main clause; implies that it would be a good thing. Man-u te deket nangabak di tagu nah tugal ya mun-an-anla. It might be that when one wins in gambling he is happy. Modality. (sem. domains: 9.4.4.4 - Possible.) comp. man-uke comp. man-upo

maN- -an v. this circumfix topicalizes and cross-references a time, place or affected object; non-past tense. Ya ahi miweley adol mut mamaptangan nah mapat-al ya matuntuningan nah hilong. (Jeremiah 36:30b) And your body will be thrown away so that it will be exposed to the heat of sunshine and the cold of the night. Sim: naN- -an.

maN- 1TACR. the prefix encodes a non-past tense and cross-references a topicalized subject-agent; it co-occurs with Classes 4 and 5 verbal roots. <Morphophonology: The N in the form symbolizes a nasal that assimilates to the point of articulation of the first consonant of the root, and then, reduces the consonant. If the first consonant of the root is followed by the ‘o’ vowel, the vowel will also be reduced.> Eda manibo nadan nangipaptok ketuweh udum an makan mu maid. Those in charge tried to look for more food but nothing was left. Himmawwang nadan tatagun e manggop ke dida ot pumpate da dida. The raiding people came out and started to attack them to kill them. Da Juan ke Maira din mange. It’s Juan and Maria who are passing by. Sim: naN-. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.) 2asp. the prefix encodes a present continuative aspect; it co-occurs with roots that have an innate punctiliar aspect. Manatong kami nah ohan bale ya namodwongak an nanibo nah ohan lalaki. As we were arriving near one of the houses, I was surprised to see a man. Hay kalyona ya, kediyen hilong an manganamut, an gawan mon di hilong... He explained to us that the night before while he was on his way home at about midnight... (sem. domains: 8.4.5 - Relative time.)

makigubat (infl. of gub’at) intrans. to participate in armed conflict; join in fighting in a war. Man-uket takutan di Ippangyol nadan iKiangan ya natuled dan makigubat. The reason the Spaniards were afraid of the people of Kiangan is that they were brave to fight. Ot e makigubat da David ke dida. (2 Samuel 21:15b) And so David and his soldiers went to fight them. maki‑. (sem. domains: 4.8.3 - War.)

luhuk 1comm. a man-made hole in the ricefield for backfill in repairing landslides in the field. Maid di luhuk nah payo da. There is no backfill hole in their ricefield. 2trans. to dig a hole in the ricefield. Luhukan da nan payo dah bigatna. They will dig a backfill hole in their ricefield tomorrow. ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. 5B Changing state of site by removal of something. (sem. domains: 6.2.2 - Land preparation.)

kiphodan (der. of pohod) nom. refers to the good or welfare of someone Man-uket munggastu takuh pun-iskul yu ya kiphodan yuh udum hi algo. The reason that we spend money for your studies is for your benefit in the future. ki‑ ‑an. (sem. domains: 8.3.7 - Good.)

ki- -an 1dervN. this circumfix functions to derive a lexical nominalization. Man-uket mungastu takuh pun-iskul yu ya kiphodan yuh udum hi algo. The reason we spend money for your studies is it is for your own good in the future. Kibalinana ya kaddakaddangyana te dakol di longona. Its very performance shows that he is very rich indeed since he can afford to butcher many. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.3 - Derivational affixes.) 2top. PASS.T-P Daanay kitanoman di bulhe? Where will beans be planted?

kanan to say. 1.1trans. a quotation form meaning say, said, tell, or told. Kanan day deke mo kanu ta pidwana ya adida makie. They said that the next time they would not join the group. Om, an kanan min Mayor. We told the Mayor yes. Speech Verbs. (sem. domains: 3.5.1 - Say.) 1.2trans. a quotation form meaning thought, wish. Kanak hi nomnom kuy “Makamman-un dida te kay nakalakka. I said to myself, “It’s good for them because it seems easy.” Handi immingleyak mo ya kanak di nalakan lumah-un. Then, I got tired and thought it would be easy to go down. (sem. domains: 3.2.1.1 - Think about, 3.2 - Think.)

inggana conj. 1until, continuance of an action or activity ending with a specified time event or action. Mahuyop ka inggana umaliyak. You sleep until I come. (sem. domains: 8.4.7 - Continue, persevere.) 2until; marks an adverbial time phrase. Ingganad uwani ya nanongnan mumbaki ama takon di nun-iskul handi. Until now, my father continues to be a pagan-priest even though he has gone to school. Man-ut nun-iskul mu ingganah grade four ya abu. He took formal education to grade four only. Language Of Borrowing: Ilocano. comp. ta inggana infl. ingga-inggana

impaN- nominalizer. this prefix encodes past tense and functions to nominalize the verbal root; co-occurs with Class 4 and 5 verbal roots. <The use of this prefix is related to syntactic structure that has a topicalized constituent. > Hanadan u-ungan impanaptok ku ya mangohe dan ha-on. (Isaiah 1:2b) The children that I have cared for are rebelling against me. Man-uket makakkahlu kamin mangitaniuttuduh mipanggep ke Kristo ya gapuh impaminhod nan ditaku. (2 Corinth 5:14a) The reason that we are so very industrious to constantly teach about Christ is because of his love for us. Sim: impangi-, pangi-. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)

hidiye (diye, hi) demonstrative. demonstrative pronoun that does not require a co-occurring noun; that over there, definite reference to something, away from both speaker and hearer. Hidiye di balen da Juan. That one over there is the house of Juan. Man-uke kanak hidiye ya adalon dan mumbaki nah eda pundongdongollan ya abu. The reason I say that is that they learn to recite the rituals and prayers by listening only. (sem. domains: 9.2.3.5 - Demonstrative pronouns.) hidiyen hidiyey

dinalman comm. a big wine jar with dragon designs on the sides. Kinailan da nan dinalman te imbangon Juana tuh umalin bulan. They brewed rice wine in the dinalman-jar because it’s the betrothal of Juana this coming month. Gen: buhi. (sem. domains: 6.7.7 - Container.)

dikhal split wood. 1.1trans. to split wood. Dikhalon yu nan udyo. Split the narra-wood. Dinikhal na nan ongal an kaiw. He split the big log. ‑on/‑in‑. 4A Change structure of object. Sim: giha, gihgi, potw’ak. (sem. domains: 7.8.3 - Cut.) 1.2trans. to split with a component of manner, place, or instrument in view. Idikhal mu nah dola. Split the wood in the yard. i‑/iN‑. 1.3trans. to split wood with a durative activity in view. Mundikhal hi Jose hi itungu. Jose is splitting firewood. muN‑/nuN‑. 1.4trans. to split wood involving a partitive component, i.e. split a limited amount; some. Dumikhal kah itungun da apum. Split some wood for your grandparents’ firewood. ‑um‑/‑imm‑. 1.5trans. to split wood with the component of contrasting the agent with others. <Morphophonology: The final consonant of the prefix maN- assimilates to the point of articulation of the initial consonant of the root, and then, reduces that consonant.> Manikhal ka. You split wood. maN‑/naN‑. 1.6trans. to split wood for a beneficiary. Indikhalan Juan nan nain-ina. Juan split wood for the old woman. i‑ ‑an/iN‑ ‑an. 1.7pass. refers to wood that will be split or has been split. Nadikhal ke nan kaiw ya mahapul an ihap-e. When the wood is split, we will have to dry it. ma‑/na‑.

deket (comp. of deke, ta₁ The conjunction links a statement of means with a statement of purpose.) conj. 1if; a conjunction that connects a dependent clause expressing a condition with a main clause expressing a purpose or circumstance; if it is so, then. <This is a compound of two conjunctions.> Toan ten makulug, mu deket makulug, ikabing mu anhan tun tugun ku. Whether or not this is true, I don’t know, but if it is, then, heed my advice. Deket naagangan ka ya dakol di pangayan If you are hungry, there are a lot of eating places. Deket adim pinhod an madistorbo nah hilong ya buhugom. If you don’t want to be disturbed at night, you feed him well. Compounding conjunctions. Sim: hin, konnat, nu. (sem. domains: 9.6.2.8 - Condition.) 2when; a conjunction that connects a dependent time clause to the main clause that encodes an action, activity or process. Deket e man-aladuh Francis on ahina mahapul nan pungkawad na. When Francis goes to plow, that is when he needs the chain. (sem. domains: 8.4.5 - Relative time.)

bun’at 1intrans. to produce offspring. Binugtung da ina ke ama mo numbunat da ya walu kami. My mother and father were only children but they bore offspring and we are eight. Hi Alfredo di nangibunat kediyen ungan immed America. That child who went to America is the offspring of Alfredo. muN‑/nuN‑, mangi‑/nangi‑. 1E Physiological functioins. Sim: imbabale. (sem. domains: 2.6.3 - Birth.) 2v. to be named after a relative; to use an ancestor’s name; offspring of. Man-uket hi Catalinay ngadan ku ya ha-on di nangibunat hi ngadan da apu. My name is Catalina because I was named after the name of my grandparent. nangi‑.

buggan₂ adj. beauty of a female. [This may be a coinage from the name of the Ifugao heroine, Bugan.] Man-u te buggan ka mu uggem inilan mungngunu. It’s true that you are beautiful but you do not know how to work. Qualifier. Sim: maddikit, balasang, pintas. (sem. domains: 2.3.1.8.1 - Beautiful.)

ban-uk intrans. to feel annoyed by another’s action or speech. Mumbanban-uk hi Bugan nah em nangitud-akan ke hiya. Bugan is showing she is annoyed in your sending her for an errand. Bimman-uk hi Bugan dih nangidatana nah hapid. Bugan was annoyed when she gave the betelnut-leaf. muN‑/nuN‑, ‑um‑/‑imm‑. Sim: mutmut, ngutuwol, ngudu, ngalotongot₂. (sem. domains: 3.4.2.3 - Angry.)

baki 1comm. ritual, Ifugao sacrificial rite. [The traditional religion has many rites and rituals, all are classified under this generic name.] (sem. domains: 4.9.5.5 - Offering, sacrifice, 4.9.5 - Practice religion.) 2nom. the shaman-priest who performs the baki. <Although the prefix muN- derives a verb, the form functions as a nominal reference, referring to the person who performs the ritual. > Mungkama-id da mo nadan nakaginnilan mumbaki ya wada ke bo ya naka-am-amma da mo ya adida mo pakabbakiy tatagud uwani te hay pangulug da mo ke Apu Dios. Priests who perform the baki ritual are becoming few and if there are any they are very old and many people nowadays don’t perform the baki because of their faith in God. Gulat na nin ta maid di mundogo nadah mangulug ke Apu Dios ya maid da nin di mumbaki. Maybe if none of the believers in God become ill, there would be no more baki-priests. muN‑ . 3sta. refers to the deities or ancestors invoked in a ritual and are the recipients of the sacrifice offered. Mabaki nadan ammod na. His ancestors are invoked in the ritual. der. Mabaki der. mumbaki

awa 1comm. a natural or man-made pass between mountain ridges or trees in which a net is placed for a trap for bats. Dimmatong nah awa ot mun-iyatu. He reached the trap site and there he rested. (sem. domains: 6.4.2 - Trap.) 2trans. to trap bats with a net. Inawa da datuwe. They used a net trap to catch these. Adi maaway eruplanu. An airplane cannot be caught in a bat-net-trap. i‑/iN‑, ma‑/na‑. Sim: tawang₁, hikit. 3intrans. to trap. Imme nadan linalaki dih hilong an e mun-awa. The men went last night to trap (bats). muN‑.

athidiy (comp. of umat, hidi) advpred. it is like that; a comparative adverbial predicate that asserts an event, activity or action can be compared to something that has been stated previously in the context. Man-uket athidiy punnomnom na ya handih kaunga ya maid di tinibo operations. The reason his thinking is like that is when he was a child. he did not see operations. (This is from a text explaining why a man continues with the traditional practice of divination and sacrifices for treating sickness.) (sem. domains: 8.3.5.2 - Compare.)
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