Search results for "tikod"

para₂ 1adjunct. this word is said when riding a vehicle upon reaching a destination. Para! Hitu kami mo. Stop! We’ll get down here. Interjection. (sem. domains: 9.2.7 - Interjections.) 2v. to stop a vehicle to ride or alight. Mumpara nan nunlugan yaden ugge dingngol nan munmaneho. The passenger told the driver to stop but he did not hear. Mumpara kami handi nala-u kayu mu ugge yu intikod. We were asking you to stop when you passed by but you didn’t stop. Paraon yu nan tolak an mangali. Stop the vehicle that is coming. Paraom hin mipottok takuh bale. Stop the vehicle when we are directly in front of our house. muN‑/nuN‑, ‑on/‑in‑.

paka- -an this circumfix encodes the competence and expertise of the agent-subject to do whatever is expressed in verb; the site-object is cross-referenced. Ha-on (God) ya takon di daana ya wadaak, kinali, paka-innilak am-in di at-aton di tatagu. (Jeremiah 23:23) As for me, I (God) am everywhere, that is why I know very well everything that people are doing. Itikod yun mangat hi gaga-ihot ha-oy (God) di paka-u-unnudan yu. (Jeremiah 4:4a) Stop doing evil so that I will be the one you carefully follow. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)

ohnong 1intrans. to stop moving; stand still. In-ohong nah ittay ot pakaddonglona nan muntukod. He stood still for a little while and listened carefully to the one shouting. Umohnong ka ni-an ta munhummangan ta. Stand still for a while so that we can talk. ‑um‑/‑imm‑, i‑/iN‑. 2B Position - movement, change of position. Sim: tikod, taldong. (sem. domains: 7.1.1 - Stand.) 2trans. a place to stand or stop. Daanay ohnongan di tatagu. Where will people stand? ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an.

nomnom 1comm. refers to the mind, both the intellect and emotions reside in the mind; the mind thinks and feels. Mahakit di nomnom na. His feelings are hurt. Maid di nomnom mu. You have no sense at all. Ta hay mamangulun umalih nomnom na ya nunna-ud an mate. So the first thing that comes to his mind is he is sure to die. Sim: laing. (sem. domains: 3.2.1 - Mind.) 2sta. to be intelligent; mature in thought. Nanomnoman te inilanay kalkalyona. He is mentally matured because he knows what he is talking about. ma‑ ‑an/na‑ ‑an. (sem. domains: 4.3.1.3 - Mature in behavior.) 3think. 3.1intrans. to think; to recall; durative aspect in the thinking. Munnomnomnom hi kalyona. He is thinking on what to say. muN‑/nuN‑. (sem. domains: 3.2 - Think.) 3.2trans. to think about something specific. Nomnomom ta ahika kumali. Think before you talk. Nomnomom di kinalim ke hiya. Recall what you told him. Ninomnom nay imbagan amanan din hi Antonio. He remembered what his late father, Antonio, told him. Bahul nadan nangipunduwana te uggeda ninomnom di aton da It was the fault of those who were put in-charge because they didn’t think about what they will do. ‑on/‑in‑. 4E Perception and Cognition. 3.3nom. refers to the knowledge which results from thinking. Maid di ena id-um hi kanomnoman ya mumbalin tan kay hiyyahiyya. Nothing is added to your wisdom/knowledge and we may become proud and boastful. ka‑ ‑an. 3.4trans. to do something in remembrance of something or someone. Inomnom mu nah inat dan he-a handi Do it in remembrance of what they did to you before. i‑/iN‑. 3.5nom. refers to a noun-like thought process. Hay punnomnom ku ya wada nin an dakdakkol di naat mu, mu hituwe. My thinking was that you would have done much more than this. Ya hay gapunah adina pangitikodan ya alanganin di biyag na hi punnomnom na. And the reason he does not stop is he thinks his life would be uncertain. puN‑. der. kanomnoman id. had-om ta maba-oy nomnom da id. mahakit di nomnom. id. maid nomnom na. id. malumman di nomnom id. nabuluk di nomnom id. nalatiyan di nomnom id. napat-alan di nomom id. natalak di nomnom id. ugge nanomnoman infl. manomnom infl. nomnomon

ni-mo adjunct. expresses the idea of the minimum of what should be done or was done; at least. Alam ni-mo tun pechay. At least take this petchay. Wada ni-moy immali. At least someone came. Hay oha bo ya adi nadaman ena itikod an mummogmog hi manuk ni-mo. Another reason is that he cannot stop raising chickens. Hay ke kanak ya tibon takuh hilong hi bigat mu bokon ke ya hi linggu ni-mo. I suggest that we see him tomorrow night, but if not, at least on Sunday. Attitudinal. (sem. domains: 9.2.6 - Particles.)

nadama (der. of damana) advpred. refers to something that is possible or states that someone is able to do something. Hay oha bo ya adi nadaman ena itikod an mummogmog hi manuk ni-mo. Another reason is that he cannot stop raising chickens. Modality. comp. adinadama

muN- TACR. 1this prefix encodes non-past tense, durative time aspect; it cross-references the subject and is the default affix for Class 1 verbal roots. <Morphophonology: The velar consonant in coda position assimilates to the point of articulation of the first consonant in the root.> Mungngahngahak yaden mungkaliyak hi bale mi. I gasped for breath and yet I shouted at our house. Itikod mun muntugal an ap-apuk. Stop gambling, grandson. An mun-in-inop ka? Inid-onah nunhina-ob an pukol ku. “Are you dreaming?” She held me by my shoulders. 2non-past tense, signals a durative aspect activity rather than a punctiliar action when co-occuring with a transitive verbal root, cross-references subject. Dakol kami an naamung nah plaza an munhood kamih lugan. Many of us gathered at the plaza to wait for a ride. Ta mundadaan dah ibaddang dan hiya. So that they will prepare whatever they will give to help. Katatakut pay an e bumah-el te dakol di talak an muntutun-ud. It is even dangerous to cross the street since there are many buses lined up one after the other. 3when the prefix co-occurs with the reduplicant CV(C)-, it encodes non-past tense, durative-continuative aspect and cross-references the subject. Deket palhu di pangiha-angam, mahapul an uggan mu ikiwa ta mun-iingngoy lutu na. If a skillet is used, it is necessary to stir the rice from time to time so that it will be cooked evenly. Mumpaypaytuk ya mungkuli. She was jumping up and down and screaming. 4when this affix co-occurs with Class 6 verb roots, it changes statives to durative processes; it encodes non-past tense and cross-references the subject. Mihmihdi nah munhihilong ya nah kakaiw an dakol di hapang nan mahdol di tubuna. It stays in dark places (becoming dark) or in trees with thick, leafy branches. Deket dakol di binokbok na ya mapul-ukan an mumpait. When too much binokbok-yeast is used, the wine will become bitter. 5the prefix derives verbs from nouns; it encodes non-past tense and cross-references the subject. Ya pinhod ot Mayor ya dakol day binabain mun-ampuyo. What the Mayor wanted was that many women would wear the Ifugao skirt. Mumboga da ya mungkail da. They prepare rice and make wine. Adina itikod an mumbaki te wadanwaday takut na an kumpulmin tiempu ya mate. He does not stop doing the rituals because his fear is that he might die at anytime. 6the prefix encodes non-past tense, reflexive and cross-references both the subject and object expressed in a single noun phrase. Mahapul an mamitlu kan mun-amo ohan algo. You have to take a bath three times a day (bathe yourself). Imme dah hilong ot muntalu da nah e-elena. They went while it was dark and hid themselves outside of the camp.

mogmog intrans. to feed poultry; to raise poultry. Mahlu peman an mummogmog. He is really active in feeding chickens. Hay oha bo ya adi nadaman ena itikod an mummogmog hi manuk ni-mo. Another reason is that he cannot stop raising chickens. muN‑/nuN‑. 1C General class. (sem. domains: 6.3.6 - Poultry raising.) der. immogmogan

lom’ok₁ 1comm. dirt. Itikod yun bumanuttikan te lummok kayu. Stop running about because you scatter dirt. Sim: lugit. (sem. domains: 1.2.2.1 - Soil, dirt.) 2make dirty. 2.1intrans. to cause dirt to scatter or fly about. Itikod yun bumanuttikan te lummok kayu. Stop running about because you’ll scatter dirt. ‑um‑/‑imm‑. 2.2trans. to make something dirty. Adiyu lomkon tun hinamal. Don’t make this rice dirty. ‑on/‑in‑.

kumpulmi (sp. var. kumpulna) dem. refers to an indefinite time, place or thing; any. Hin itikod nan mumbaki ya wadanwaday takut na an kumpulmin tiempu ya mate. If he stopped doing the rituals, his fear is that he might die anytime. Indefinite pronoun. Sim: logom. (sem. domains: 9.2.3.2 - Indefinite pronouns.)

kotkot trans. to chew uncooked food; rice, corn, camote and soft bones. Kotkoton di gando nadan gattuk hin adiyu italu. The rats will eat the sweet potatoes if you do not hide them. Kinotkot na nan gahhilang nah habal te naagangan. He chewed the corn in the swidden plot because he was hungry. Itikod mun mangotkot hi boga. Stop chewing rice-grains. ‑on/‑in‑, maN‑/naN‑. 4A Change the structure of an object. Sim: kutmu, ngatngat; gen: galgal. (sem. domains: 5.2.2.1 - Bite, chew.)

kibit trans. to pinch someone. Immali ot ikibit nan Maria ot bumtik. She came and pinched Maria and ran away. Tipet mungkoga ka, kinibit daka? Why are you crying, did somebody pinch you? Kinibitak ke diye ah. She pinched me. Muntukodak ke he-a ta patikodom yaden pungkibit mu ot ya abu. I was shouting at you to stop her instead you pinched her. Mungkibbitan da. They are pinching each other. ‑on/‑in‑, i‑/iN‑, puN‑, muN‑ ‑an. 4B Tactile - Touch contact. Sim: kiting. (sem. domains: 7.7.4 - Press.)

kanu adjunct. allegedly; reportedly; it is said; refers to something that was not heard or seen first hand. Wada kanu di manamak ke ha-oy? They say someone is looking for me? Handih 25th di Aplil kinalin Mayor an umali kanu kamih tu. On the 25th of April, the Mayor said, it is reported, that we should come here. Kanan day deke mo kanu ta pidwana ya adida makie. They said, reportedly, that if there is another occasion they will not join in going. Nih-up da kanu nadan no- mungkalkali ot itikod na. According to him, those who were talking came near him and he stopped. Attitudinal. (sem. domains: 3.5.2.1 - Report.)

kali 1comm. language. 1.1comm. human speech: may refer to any unit of utterance such as a word or sentence; may refer to a particular language or dialect. Hinnatkon di kali dah bale da. They speak a different language in their house. Am-in di kalin amam ya un-unudom. Obey all the words of your father. Binalonay nay kalim te inlot mu yaden dakol day tatagu. He didn’t like the way you told him because you said it loudly and there were many people. Uggek bo udot inila nan kali da. I didn’t even know their language. (sem. domains: 3.5.3.1 - Word.) 1.2comm. (fig) refers to the vocal mechanism and the sounds produced; voice. Mababol di kali na. His voice is bassy. (sem. domains: 2.3.2.3 - Types of sounds.) 2speak. 2.1to speak; to say. Sim: hapit. 2.1.1trans. to say something with a focus on what is said. Handih 25th di Aplil kinalin Mayor an umali kanu da Apu Paredes ke Apu Datumanong hitu ad Ifugao. On the 25th of April, the Mayor said, it is reported, that Sir Paredes and Sir Datumanong will come here to Ifugao. Hay pinhod kun kalyon ya piliyom di maphod an barkadom. What I want to say is that you should choose good friends. ‑on/‑in‑. Speech verbs. (sem. domains: 3.5.1 - Say.) 2.1.2intrans. to talk; to utter words; to communicate ideas and thoughts. An kimmali ka? Did you talk? Ugge mi dingngol di nangikalim hi kalida. We did not hear how you talked in their language. Tinuttuduwak an kumali kali da. They taught me how to speak their language. Nih-up da kanu nadan no- mungkalkali ot itikod na. According to him, those who were talking came near him and he stopped. ‑um‑/‑imm‑, muN‑/nuN‑. (sem. domains: 3.5.1 - Say.) 2.1.3nom. A nominalization that focuses on the manner of speaking. Hay pungkalim an pabinnugtak. Your manner of speaking is abrupt and angry. puN‑. 2.1.4trans. to scold or warn. Kinalyana nadan imbabalena ta adida mangun-unud ke hiya. He warned his children so that they will not follow him. ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. (sem. domains: 3.3.3.7 - Warn.) 2.2trans. to say something by calling to someone. Kaliyam aga din mangen unga. Do call back the boy who is going. Hituwen makalin hagabi di katbalan di tagu peman. This so-called prestige feast hagabi entitles a man to due respect by his co-villagers. ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. (sem. domains: 3.5.1 - Say.) 3think. 3.1trans. to use the mind to process or consider information or data; to think. Handi pinghanan umeyak hidi ya kalyok on matalakak. When I went there for the first time, I thought I would get lost. Pangalik pe on attiken tagu mu handi immomwa ya atag-e. I thought he was a short man but when he straightened up he was tall. ‑on/‑in‑. (sem. domains: 3.2 - Think.) der. makali id. kay kidul di kalim id. malumii di kali na id. nidallom an kali infl. pangali

iN- TACR. 1this prefix encodes past tense, a punctiliar time aspect and cross-references the direct object with the conveyed semantic role; it is a member of the default affix set for Class 3 verbal roots. Inha-ad da nan basket hi bale. They placed the basket in our house. Sim: i-₁. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.) 2this prefix encodes past tense and punctiliar aspect; it derives a transitive verb when it co-occurs with Class 1A intransitive movement verbal roots and cross-references an object that moves with the agent, e.g. to bring something or to take something. In-alik nan liblum. I brought your book. 3this prefix encodes past tense, punctiliar aspect, and cross-references an instrument object with Class 4 verbal roots. Indikhal na nan matadom an wahe. He used the sharp ax to split wood. 4this prefix encodes past tense, punctiliar aspect and expresses a manner component related to the phrase or clause in the direct object NP position of the main clause. Initpol nay takut nan kananah nomnom nay kapyana nin. He endured/controlled his fear and thought maybe that’s just its nature. Indalan da Bugan nah papayo. Bugan and her mother walked through the ricefields. 5this prefix encodes past tense; co-occurs with a time aspect adverbial predicate and cross-references the clause embedded in the object NP position of the main clause. Intuluy nan mangan inggana nabhug. He continued to eat until he was satisfied. Intikod nan muntugal te binungotan ama na. He stopped gambling because his father scolded him. 6this prefix encodes non-past tense, derives a verb from a noun, and the object is usually incorporated though a specific object may be explicit and cross-referenced. In-akbut na nan bulwati na. He backpacked his clothes. 7this prefix encodes past tense and punctiliar aspect; it co-occurs with speech verbs and cross references the object that refers to what is said. “Mapopotangan ka ya abuh di,” inhumang amana. You will just be standing in the sun,” answered his father. Inun-unud day imbagan Pablo ot ahi pumhod nan unga. They did what Pablo told them and the child got well.

i-₁ TACR. 1this prefix encodes non-past tense, a punctiliar time aspect and cross-references the direct object with the conveyed semantic role. It is a member of the default affix set for Class 3 verbal roots. Iha-ad muh nae hitu. Place that one here. Iha-ad da nan basket hi bale. They will put the basket in our house. Kay anhan ya idatong dah boble ta inay-un dah dolan di himmagabi. Sooner or later, the hagabi-bench will arrive in the village brought by the men and to the yard of the man performing the ceremony. Em iwaklin nan buhi. Put the wine jar in a safe place. Sim: iN-. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.) 2the prefix encodes non-past tense and punctiliar aspect; it derives a transitive verb when it co-occurs with Class 1A intransitive movement verbal roots and cross-references an object that moves with the agent, e.g. to bring something or to take something. I-alik nan liblum. I will bring your book. (I will come bringing your book.) 3the prefix encodes non-past tense, punctiliar aspect, and cross references an instrument object with Class 4 verbal roots. Idikhal na nan matadom an wahe. He will use the sharp ax to split wood. Nganney ipalang mu? What will you use to cut with? Inggatang nay payo da ya odon da ta hay ahan itugal na. He sold their ricefields and heirlooms just to have money with which to gamble. 4the prefix encodes non-past tense, punctiliar aspect and expresses a manner component related to the phrase or clause in the direct object NP position of the main clause. Ipdug nay gunggung na. He chases with barking. Adim iploy pangalam hi pencil na. Don’t get his pencil by grabbing. I-ang-ang kuh manayo. I’ll look at the dancers. Kalubam hi daun ya ihamad mu ta maid hunggop hi dibdib. Cover the jar tightly with banana leaves so that no air enters. Namahig di hona da ta ihalhalla day dalan, ihinghingngi day dalan, namam-a ten waday iiban nadan himmagabi nah dalnon da. They go the wrong way, they go out of the way, especially if they know of a relative of the one performing the hagabi-ceremony who lives along the way. 5the prefix encodes non-past tense; co-occurs with a time aspect adverbial predicate and cross-references the clause embedded in the object NP position of the main clause. Ituluy mun mangan inggana mabhug ka. You continue eating until you are satisfied. Itikod mun muntugal an ap-apuk. Stop gambling, grandson. 6the prefix encodes non-past tense, derives a verb from a noun, and the object is usually incorporated though a specific object may be explicit and cross-referenced. Deke bo ta makudang di binokbok na ya madang-o nan hinamal o maid di idanum na. When the binokbok-yeast is insufficient, the rice will either be spoiled (it will not ferment) or it will produce no wine/liquid. Nganney iduyum? What have you placed on your plate (lit. plated)? 7the prefix encodes non-past tense and punctiliar aspect; it co-occurs with speech verbs and cross-references the object that refers to what is said. Mun-ap-apo wak kanu ya- uggek inila nan ia-apok. Aga mot nan bumdang di ia-apok. According to them, I’ll tell a story; oh, I don’t know what to relate. Okay, I’ll tell a story about roaming spirits.

hulibit intrans. the stinging or aching pain felt in a wound. Munhulibit nan nag-od hi takle na. The cut in his hand is aching. Humulibit nan nag-od hin itikod nan dumala. The wound will be painful when it stops bleeding. muN‑/nuN‑, ‑um‑/‑imm‑. 1E Physiological functions. (sem. domains: 2.5.6.1 - Pain.)

hu-up₁ 1trans. to connect; to join one thing with another. Ihu-up mu ya tun lattik. Please connect these rubber bands. Ihu-up mu tun attake te nakhat. Join together these beads as the string broke. i‑/iN‑. 3C Move something and combine it with or attach it to something else. (sem. domains: 7.5.2 - Join, attach.) 2trans. to connect one thing with another, the focus is on the thing to which something is being connected; to connect by continuing. Hu-upam nan bidam dih hilong. Continue (lit. join together) your story of last night. Aga, ta hu-upak nan kinalik. Come, I’ll continue what I said. ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. 3pass. near; something has been brought near another thing; adjacent to. Nih-up da kanu nadan no- mungkalkali ot itikod na. According to him, those who were talking came near him and he stopped. Dimmatong da nah ob-ob an nih-up nah boble ya tinibo na on golang When they reached the spring which was near the community of Patukan, he saw a small girl mi‑/ni‑. der. nunhu-upan infl. ih-up infl. mih-up infl. nih-up

hingkatang (infl. of katang) adv. 1refers to a short period of time; sometimes thought of as unexpected; a moment; short time. Hingkatang di nanib-ak ot ume. I saw it for a moment then it was gone. Hingkatang an immaliy udan. The rain came for a short time. Nuntikod nan radyo hi hingkatang. The radio stopped for a moment. Hingkatang ya ammunay nala-u ya timmaddog nan inhinyero ot eda mo mihanin duwat The engineer was able to stand seconds after the worker finished praying so they both went to seek cover. Time. Sim: bigla, maid maptok, na-ala, maag. (sem. domains: 8.4.2.1 - A short time.) 2indicating there is no time lapse, something happens instantly and unexpectedly; suddenly. Tibom te hingkatang ya mag-a ka. Look out, because you might fall suddenly. (sem. domains: 8.4.8.1 - Quick.) infl. hingkakatang

hibok intrans. to sob, interspersed with indrawn breath usually after crying hard; to lament or sob in complaint to someone. Itikod mu mon munhibhibok. You stop sobbing now. muN‑/nuN‑. Sim: hilod. (sem. domains: 3.5.6.5 - Cry, tear.)

gap’u 1comm. signals the motive or cause for some action; expresses a reason for something. Nganney gapuna ta em intikod an mun-adal? What is the reason that you stopped going to school? Gaput ong-ongal ka ya makangohhe ka. Your being older is the reason that you are very abusive. Ya hay gapunan ugge pininhod di iKiangan di Ippangyol ya namahig di pumpaligat da tatagu. And the reason, the Kiangan people did not like the Spaniards is that they caused the people hardship. Sim: hulun, lummu. (sem. domains: 9.6.2.5 - Cause, 9.6.2.5.1 - Reason.) 2intrans. to indicate the basic cause of an event. Nan kinalim ke hiya di gimmapuh nundadamaan da. The root cause of their fight is what you told them. ‑um‑/‑imm‑. Language Of Borrowing: Ilocano. comp. gapuna

CV(C)CV-₂ asp. 1this aspectual reduplicant encodes an habitual or constant aspect. Matukatukal ka an e makitugatugal te mapat-al ya hilong di puntutugalan yu. You are always awake to join in gambling because your gambling goes on day and night. Adina itikod nan mumbaki te wadanwaday takut na an kumpulmin tiempu ya mate. He does not stop doing the rituals because his fear would be constant that he might die anytime. Wadan ustu moy bidbibidbid hi novels I think it’s time to put away the constant reading of novels (sem. domains: 8.4.2 - Take time.) 2to do something continuously over a durative period of time. Tobatbalona diday bagol ya aammod ta dumalay-up da ta hay idatong di hagabi ya maphod dan am-in an hin-am-a ya ta dumakol di babuy da ya manuk da. He continuously calls on the gods and his ancestors to witness the arrival of his hagabi-bench so that with its arrival, it will bring along good health for his family and the increase (become many) of their pigs and chickens. Ume bo kanu nah tap-on di wa-el nah ho- alak ya wadaday ngubungubun mangabat da. He went to the place above the creek in the er...irrigation ditch and there were voices continuously mumbling.

bong’ang 1intrans. to be foolish, without good judgment, results in inappropriate behavior. Mumbongang bo te nangapput. His behavior will be foolish because he won. Ugge tinugun di aammod na kinali bumongabongang. He was not advised by his parents that is why he is doing foolish things. Bumongang ka hin adim itikod an manginum. You will behave improperly if you do not stop drinking. muN‑/nuN‑, ‑um‑/‑imm‑. Sim: ango, himat. (sem. domains: 3.2.1.4 - Stupid.) 2sta. to be foolish. Nabongang nan e numputting tuh tanom. The one who nipped this plant is foolish. ma‑/na‑.

alanganin advpred. predicates the uncertainty of something. Ya hay gapunah adina pangitikodan ya alanganin di biyag na hi punnomnom na And the reason he does not stop is he thinks his life would be uncertain. Evaluative.

abigon (der. of abig₁) trans. to foretell or prophesy a particular event. [This word, as well as the past tense form, inabig, are frequently used in the Old Testament to refer to the prophecies given by God to the prophets.] Kon gulat nat inila day wadah nomnom ku ya wada ot an impainilak ke diday eda abigon hi tatagu ta ipatikod da didan mangat hi gaga-iho. (Jeremiah 23:22) If only they had known what was in my mind, I would have made known to them what they should prophesy so that they would have caused them to stop doing evil. ‑on.
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