nan det. that, the; a determiner that marks a definite noun referent; the noun may have either a subject or object grammatical relation to the verb and is cross-referenced by the affix on the verb. Inha-ad da nan basket hi bale. They left the basket in our house. Hay ngadan bon nan kay ubunan an eda alan hi muyung ya hagabi damdama. As for the name of that benchlike figure that they get in the forest, it is hagabi also. nadan
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pi- caus. this prefix encodes the presence of a causative agent in the action. Mahapul an hanan himmagabi ya taganah kolong hi nuwang o babuy ta pihdana nadah deh muyung ya nadan udum an bumadbaddang. The man performing the hagabi-ceremony must go on butchering carabao and pigs to feed the people in the forest and all the others who are helping him. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)
paytuk 1intrans. to move, by jumping up and down. Adida ni-an iha-ad hi luta yaden pumaytuk nan himmagabi nah hagabi ta gumpa. Before they place the bench on the ground, the man who is performing the ceremony jumps up on it and makes a speech. Mumpaypaytuk ya mungkuli te hidiyey pinghanan ena nakidilagan hi allama. She jumped up and down and screamed because it was the first time she went to catch crabs with a torch. Kanan Juliey, “Dakol di in-innat mi. Nungkanta kami ya pimmaytuk kami. She said, “We did many things. We sang and we jumped.” ‑um‑/‑imm‑, muN‑ CVC. 2B Movement, change of position. Sim: labtuk, yapa; Sim: dop-a, labtuk, yapa. (sem. domains: 7.2.1.1.3 - Jump.) 2trans. to jump over something with the object being jumped over in view. Paytukom din alad hin kayam. Jump over the fence if you can. ‑on/‑in‑.
pangi- -an₁ top. this circumfix cross-references a topicalized place, instrument or beneficiary semantic roles or modal word or phrase; non-past tense. Deket palhu di pangiha-angam, mahapul an uggan mu ikiwa ta mun-iingngoy lutu na. If a skillet is used, it is necessary to stir the rice from time to time so that it will be cooked evenly. Intibon ama nah pottok nan pumpangituludan dan hiya ya inang-ang na. My father looked in the direction where they were pushing him and he saw it. Nagibbu ke nan kapkapyan di hagabi, kalyon day algoh pangihakyatan da. When the hagabi-bench is completed, they set the day that it will be brought home. Dahdiy pangidatan nah pihu? To whom will the money be given? Sim: nangi- -an.
o conj. conjoins alternative choices. Mahapul datuwe ten mungkail ka: boga, dayakkot an pummayume, ongngal an banga o palyuk, binokbok ya buhi. These are needed in the making of rice wine: ordinary rice, glutinous rice to be mixed with it, a big pot or vat, native yeast (leaves of the binokbok- plant) and a wine jar. Mahapul an hanan himmagabi ya taganah kolong hi nuwang o babuy ta pihdana nadah deh muyung ya nadan udum an bumadbaddang. The man performing the hagabi-ceremony must go on butchering carabao or pigs to feed the people in the forest and all the others who are helping him. Coordinating conjunctions. Sim: weno. (sem. domains: 9.2.5.2 - Clause conjunctions.)
ni-an (sp. var. of ne-an₁, sp. var. of ni) adv. 1) something has not happened up to the present time; not yet. Maid ni-an di tatagu dih indai. There were no people yet a while ago. (sem. domains: 8.4.6 - Aspectual time, 9.6.3.1 - Markers of transition .) 2) before, preceding in time; eventually. Mahapul an umuya-uy ni-an ta ahi humagabi. The uya-uy-ceremony must be performed before one can perform the hagabi-ceremony. Inilak nan ohan iiba taku an kadangyan ni-an mu numbalin hi nawotwot. I know of one of our relatives who was once before a very rich man but turned out to be a poor man because of his gambling. (sem. domains: 8.4.5 - Relative time.) 3) still, refers to the continuation of an action or durative condition. Andani ni-an ta ahika ume. Wait for a while before you go. Mungngunu ni-an hitu. He still works here. Pinhod nan miha-ad ni-an hitu. He wants to stay here for awhile. (sem. domains: 8.4.6 - Aspectual time.)
nah det. a determiner that marks a definite indirect object or a definite place or time noun. Mumpaha-ad kah basket nah ubunan. Have the basket placed on the seat. Miha-ha-ad dah nah muyung ta nangamung di magibbuy hagabi. They camp in the forest until the hagabi-bench is finished. Athidi bon nah hilong ta adi ka pakahuyop. The same is true at night so that you cannot sleep. Mun-ay-ayam kamih did dola ya timmaddog on bibiyo nah hinangngab mi, inhumang ku. “We were playing in the yard and a fairy stood in front of us,” I answered. (sem. domains: 9.2.4 - Prepositions, postpositions.) nadah
muyung 1comm. forest, may be public or privately owned. Dakol di mitungu nah muyung. There is a lot of firewood in the forest. Nan amunin ya mihdih muyung. The wildcat lives in the forest. Miha-ha-ad dah nah muyung ta nangamung di magibbuy hagabi. They camp in the forest until the hagabi-bench is finished. (sem. domains: 1.2.1.6 - Forest, grassland, desert.) 2sta. a forested area. Namuyungan nan boble da te tinaynan da handi gubat. Their place was forested because they left it during the war. na‑ ‑an.
mo 1present time. 1.1adv. at the present time; now. Mangan taku mo. We will eat now./Let’s eat now. Miha-ad nan hagabi nah dola ta nangamung mo nan kon hagabi an ahi mangip-iphod. The hagabi-bench is placed in the yard and it is now up to the owner to finish it. Time. (sem. domains: 8.4.5 - Relative time.) 1.2adv. to continue from the present moment; from now on. He-a mo di gumatang. From now on, you’ll have to do the shopping. 2adv. before the present moment; already. Maid nan em hadhad-on te imme mo. The one you are waiting for is not here because he already left. Dimmatong kami ad Lagawe ya nipalpu mo tuwaliy parada. When we reached Lagawe, the parade had already started. comp. daana mo
mangip-iphod (infl. of iphod) trans. to fix, repair, or improve in order to make something good. Miha-ad nan hagabi nah dola ta nangamung mo nan kon hagabi an ahi mangip-iphod. The hagabi-bench is placed in the yard and it is up to the owner to finish it (make it good). mangi‑ CV‑.
mangi- top. this prefix cross-references a topicalized agent-subject; co-occurs with Class 3 verbal roots; non-past tense. Mihaad nan hagabi nah dola ta nangamung mo nan kon hagabi an ahi mangip-iphod. The hagabi-bench is placed in the yard and it is up to the owner to have it finished (lit. made-good). Kediyen algon pumbungbungan da ya immali on inhinyeron mangiha-ad hi bungbung. That day when they blasted the rocks, an engineer came to place the dynamite sticks. Sim: nangi-. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)
makali (der. of kali) pass. to give a name to something; for an item to be called by a particular name or title. Hituwen makalin hagabi di katbalan di tagu peman. This so-called prestige feast hagabi entitles a man to due respect by his co-villagers. Mangin-inum da moy tagu ya hamulon da nan ongngal an nuwang an makalin hidug. The people go on with merrymaking, drinking and feasting on a big carabao called a hidug.
mahapul it is necessary. 1.1pred. having a need for something. Mahapul kuy ulo. I need a blanket. Nganney mahapul? What is needed? (sem. domains: 8.1.7.3 - Need.) 1.2sta. to be necessary; predicates necessity; it must be; it is needed. Mahapul an mamitlu kan mun-amo ohan algo. You have to take a bath three times a day. Mahapul an hanan himmagabi ya taganah kolong hi nuwang o babuy ta pihdana nadah deh muyung ya nadan udum an bumadbaddang. The man performing the Hagabi-ceremony must go on butchering carabao and pigs to feed the people in the forest and all the others who are helping him. Mahapul an ume ka. You must go. Sim: kinwani, importante. (sem. domains: 9.4.2.3 - Necessary.) Language Of Borrowing: Ilocano: masapul.
ma-₁ sta. this prefix encodes the state or property of a referent. Matukatukal ka an e makitugaltugal te mapat-al ya hilong di puntutugalan yu. You do not sleep at night because your gambling goes on night and day. Madam-ot di hagabin (name), hahaggiyon! “The hagabi-bench of (name of owner is inserted) is heavy, hahaggiyon.” (This is chanted as a cheer at the hagabi ceremony.) Nan matadom an wahey maphod hi pundikhal. The sharp ax is the good one for aplitting wood. Sim: na-₁; Sim: na-₁. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)
luta 1land. 1.1comm. the surface layer of the earth which supports plant life; soil; ground. Haa-adam hi luta nan napain banga. Place soil inside the broken pot. Adida ni-an iha-ad hi luta yaden pumaytuk nan himmagabi nah hagabi ta gumpa. Before they place the bench on the ground, the man who is performing the ceremony jumps up on it and makes a speech. (sem. domains: 1.2.2.1 - Soil, dirt.) 1.2comm. any portion of the surface of the earth which belongs to a person; land property. Ambilog di lutam. Your land is wide. (sem. domains: 1.2.1 - Land.) 2earth. Sim: lubung₁. 2.1comm. the planet as the place where people live; earth. Tun lutan niha-adan takun tatagu ya ahin tu mama-id hantuh aliyan Apu Jesus Kristo. This earth where we are living will be nothing when the Lord Jesus Christ comes. (sem. domains: 1 - Universe, creation, 1.2 - World.) 2.2prop. the world where certain classes of spirits live, along with people, in contrast to the worlds where other gods and spirits live; Earthworld. Sim: lagud. (sem. domains: 1.2 - World.) der. ilutta₂
linalaki (infl. of lalaki) comm. the plural form of male. Nagibbu keh tuwe ya ahida naamung nadan linalaki iiban nan humagabi After this, the male relatives of those performing the Hagabi gather together Nakabbayuy numbayun nadan linalaki. Those boys pounded (rice) very well. ‑in‑. (sem. domains: 2 - Person.)
kibalinana (der. of balin₂) nom. the meaning of a figure of speech or obscure saying; interpretation. Hituwen makalin hagabi di katbalan te kibalinana kaddakaddangyana te dakol di longonah nuwang ya babuy. This so-called prestige feast hagabi entitles a man to due respect from his co-villagers because its meaning is he is very rich because he butchers many carabao and pigs. (sem. domains: 3.5.8 - Interpreting messages.)
ke₁ (deke) conj. 1if; marks a conditional clause, hypothetical or real. Maid ke hi Juan ya uggeyak immali. If Juan had not been around I would not have come here. Athidi bon mundogo ke ya adi pakaihwang hi adol na te maid moy innunan mumbaki. Also, if he gets sick then no one will do the pagan prayer for him. Wada ke ot di pihhu yu ya balalan yu nan payo da. If only you had money then you could take the mortgage of their field. Subordinating conjunctions. (sem. domains: 9.6.2.8 - Condition.) 2follows a predicate and marks a time phrase or clause. <The allomorph y of the linker di is an enclitic.
katbalan (der. of tobal) nom. refers to one who is respected, approved or honored. Hituwen makalin hagabi di katbalan di tagu peman te kibalinana ya kaddakaddangyana te dakol di longonah nuwang ya babuy. This so-called prestige feast hagabi entitles a man to due respect (by his co-villagers) because its very performance shows that he is very rich indeed since he can afford to butcher many carabao and pigs. (sem. domains: 4.5.5 - Honor.)
kapya 1make. 1.1trans. to make something; a general term that may refer to any creative act, e.g. building a bench, a house or tanning the skin of an animal to make a backpack. Kapyaom hi ubunan tun kaiw. Make this wood into a seat. Adida ke ihda nan bolat na ya kapyaon dah akbut. When they do not eat the skin, they make it into a backpack. ‑on/‑in‑. Class 4A Change structure of object. (sem. domains: 9.1.2.5 - Make, 9.1.2.3 - Create.) 1.2trans. to make something, patient object is indefinite and the agent subject is prominent. Mangapya tah tinapay. Let’s make bread. Hanada ken maid di happiyo na, nangapya da. As for them, they had no shields; so they made (them). maN‑/naN‑. 2pass. something will be or has been made. Damanan makapyay hagabi an adi mahu-up. The hagabi-figure can be made with no joint. ma‑/na‑. der. kapyana infl. mangapya
kali 1comm. language. 1.1comm. human speech: may refer to any unit of utterance such as a word or sentence; may refer to a particular language or dialect. Hinnatkon di kali dah bale da. They speak a different language in their house. Am-in di kalin amam ya un-unudom. Obey all the words of your father. Binalonay nay kalim te inlot mu yaden dakol day tatagu. He didn’t like the way you told him because you said it loudly and there were many people. Uggek bo udot inila nan kali da. I didn’t even know their language. (sem. domains: 3.5.3.1 - Word.) 1.2comm. (fig) refers to the vocal mechanism and the sounds produced; voice. Mababol di kali na. His voice is bassy. (sem. domains: 2.3.2.3 - Types of sounds.) 2speak. 2.1to speak; to say. Sim: hapit. 2.1.1trans. to say something with a focus on what is said. Handih 25th di Aplil kinalin Mayor an umali kanu da Apu Paredes ke Apu Datumanong hitu ad Ifugao. On the 25th of April, the Mayor said, it is reported, that Sir Paredes and Sir Datumanong will come here to Ifugao. Hay pinhod kun kalyon ya piliyom di maphod an barkadom. What I want to say is that you should choose good friends. ‑on/‑in‑. Speech verbs. (sem. domains: 3.5.1 - Say.) 2.1.2intrans. to talk; to utter words; to communicate ideas and thoughts. An kimmali ka? Did you talk? Ugge mi dingngol di nangikalim hi kalida. We did not hear how you talked in their language. Tinuttuduwak an kumali kali da. They taught me how to speak their language. Nih-up da kanu nadan no- mungkalkali ot itikod na. According to him, those who were talking came near him and he stopped. ‑um‑/‑imm‑, muN‑/nuN‑. (sem. domains: 3.5.1 - Say.) 2.1.3nom. A nominalization that focuses on the manner of speaking. Hay pungkalim an pabinnugtak. Your manner of speaking is abrupt and angry. puN‑. 2.1.4trans. to scold or warn. Kinalyana nadan imbabalena ta adida mangun-unud ke hiya. He warned his children so that they will not follow him. ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. (sem. domains: 3.3.3.7 - Warn.) 2.2trans. to say something by calling to someone. Kaliyam aga din mangen unga. Do call back the boy who is going. Hituwen makalin hagabi di katbalan di tagu peman. This so-called prestige feast hagabi entitles a man to due respect by his co-villagers. ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. (sem. domains: 3.5.1 - Say.) 3think. 3.1trans. to use the mind to process or consider information or data; to think. Handi pinghanan umeyak hidi ya kalyok on matalakak. When I went there for the first time, I thought I would get lost. Pangalik pe on attiken tagu mu handi immomwa ya atag-e. I thought he was a short man but when he straightened up he was tall. ‑on/‑in‑. (sem. domains: 3.2 - Think.) der. makali id. kay kidul di kalim id. malumii di kali na id. nidallom an kali infl. pangali
ka- -an₁ nominalizer. this circumfix derives a noun from a verb. Hituwen makalin hagabi di katbalan di tagu peman This so-called prestige feast ‘hagabi’ entitles a man to due respect by his co-villagers Maid di ena id-um hi kanomnoman ya mumbalin tan kay hiyyahiyya. Nothing is added to your wisdom and we may become proud and boastful. Dakol di tatagun umed Manila Bay ten himbatangan te da tibon nan kalimuhan nan algo. Many people go to Manila Bay in the afternoon because they go to see the setting of the sun. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.3 - Derivational affixes.)
ipa- (sp. var. of ipi-) TACR. the prefix encodes a causative prefix; cross-references the object, but an agent, the person doing the action is always implied though the causative-agent is the subject; non-past tense. Ipaali na boy kolyog ya iwagot na nadan batun nipab-unan tun luta. He will bring an earthquake and he will shake the rocks that are seated on the earth. Deket kanan nan tagu di humagabi, ipainila na ni-an hi iibana. When a man decides to perform the hagabi-ceremony, he must first inform (cause to know) all his relatives. Sim: impa-, ipi-. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)
