pikug trans. to make a hollow or depression; to deform something made of metal or plastic; dent, e.g. plastic bottle, tin can, aluminum, etc. Adim pikugon nan lata te miatop. Do not deform the tin because it will be used for roofing. Damana pay an usalon nan napikug an lata. You can still use the tin can that is deformed. Hinaey kapikpikugan mu nan udum an lata. That one was the most deformed among all the other cans. ‑on/‑in‑, ma‑/na‑. 4A Change the structure of an object. (sem. domains: 7.7.4 - Press.)
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pangngel₂ comm. a part of, refers to the side of an object. Ihukbung mu nan papangngel di daun an niphod. Fix the sides of the leaves to cover the top well. Inumbun da nah pangngel nan lobong. They sat at the side of the lake. (sem. domains: 8.6 - Parts of things.)
pangipa- top. this prefix encodes a topicalized causative. Ong-ongal di pangipaamlang di pamhod mun ha-on mu hay mainum. (Song of Songs 4:10b) Your love for me causes greater happiness then wine. Takon nin di kanan yuy nahalman di pangipadayaw mih kalebbengan min muntuttudu ya adiyak bumain te hituwen kalebbengan mi ya pamaddang min dakayu, bokon hay kadadagan yu. (2 Corinth 10:8) Even should you think that our authority to teach gives too much honor to us, I am not ashamed because this authority is meant to help you, not destroy you. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)
otok advpred. to be excessive; to overstate or exaggerate. It-ok day binlan Bugan. They exaggerated the beauty of Bugan. It-ok na damdama an manginum. He drinks excessively also. i‑/iN‑. Comparative.
ot ya abu (comp. of abu) 1adv. expresses a strong quantitative concept, totally, absolutely, wholly. Kanan di e udman nan pihu yaden e talakon ot ya abu. One would wish to increase his money (by gambling) but instead he loses all of it. Limiting and maximizing. 2adjunct. expresses an intensity of feeling or attitude, particularly with either commands or requests; in context, there is usually a rejected alternative of an activity or action involved; absolutely. Idatan yu ot ya abu didah kanon da ya inumon da. You must absolutely give them what they will eat and drink. Hay itugun kun he-a ya tumungo ka ot ya abu. As for my advice to you, it is absolutely take a rest day. Wada da nan munhona ta kanan di bumaddang da yaden mungkulkullawing da ot ya aabu ta mid-um di dam-ot da. There are those naughty ones who instead of helping carry the load, hold on to the pole and swing from one side to the other, thereby absolutely adding to the load. Attitudinal. 3adv. expresses the idea of a singular purpose. Umali ka ot ya abut baddanganak. Come for the singular purpose of helping me./Come just to help me. (sem. domains: 9.2.2 - Adverbs.)
opa₂ 1trans. to land or alight some place; usually referring to a bird alighting somewhere; may also be used of a plane landing. Daanay opaan nan gawwang? Where will the crow alight? ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. 5A Changing state of site by adding something. 2intrans. to alight or land on something. Inumpa nan hamuti nah hapang. The bird alighted on the branch. ‑um‑/‑inum‑. (sem. domains: 7.2.2.5 - Move down.)
ongal (fr. var. ongag) 1adj. describes something which is large in size; big. Eta tuwali madlig on mahapul an mitakke ta kinali ongal di umeh pulit. Every time you move you have to ride, that is why a big amount goes for fare. Ongal di matanan nakappaldang hi angana. It has big, round eyes that are close together on its face. (refers to an owl) Inwalakana hanan lata ot ikawot na hanah ongal an batu. She let go of the can and held on to a big stone. Size quantifier. (sem. domains: 8.2 - Big.) 2become large in size. 2.1proc. refers to the process of becoming larger in size. Umongal nan manuk hin panganom hin mumpitluh ohan algo. The chicken will become big if you feed it three times a day. Mungkaongal ka. You are becoming big. Immongal ka mo gayam ya timmag-e ka pay. You have become big now and you are tall, too. ‑um‑/‑imm‑, mungka‑. (sem. domains: 9.1.1.2 - Become, change state.) 2.2sta. to be large in size. Naongal nan ek intanom. My plants grew big. Naongal nan bale da. Their house is big. Mangan ka ta maongal ka. You eat so you’ll grow big. ma‑/na‑. (sem. domains: 8.2 - Big, 8.2.1 - Small.) 2.3trans. to cause to become big. Iongal na nan inumonan gattak. It will become big because of the milk it is drinking. i‑/iN‑. ongngal der. mangong-ongal der. ong-ongal der. ongnga-ongngal n. ph. ongal di bulan
ngelak (sp. var. ngilak) 1comm. the yelp of a dog. Dingngol miy ngelak di ahu handi hilong mu ugge kami bimmuddu. We heard a dog yelp last night but we did not go out. (sem. domains: 2.3.2.2 - Sound.) 2intrans. for a dog to yelp. Mumbutikak an ek tinibo antipet mungngelak nan ahuk. I ran to see why my dog was yelping. muN‑/nuN‑. 3intrans. the continuous crying of a child. Mungngelak nan golang te naagangan. The child is crying continuously because it is hungry. Ngumelak nan golang hin adiyu indat painuman. The child will cry if you do not nurse it. muN‑/nuN‑, ‑um‑/‑imm‑.
nungka- -an trans > proc. this circumfix refers to a process that affects a site-object; completive aspect. Nungkaladladan di aadol na ya linumbag di huhukina. He had bruises/abrasions all over his body and his feet were swollen. Pinlo day nungkaaladan an boble...(Nehemiah 9:25a) They captured fenced cities... Sim: mungka- -an. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.3 - Derivational affixes.)
ne₁ conj. 1and then; then; expresses a chronological time sequence of events. Painumam nan nuwang ne in-anamut. Let the carabao drink, then bring it home. Coordinating conjunctions. 2and so; expresses a logical result connection to a preceding sentence in context. Ne daan nan kabayu an etaku alan? And so, where is the horse that we came to get? (sem. domains: 9.2.5.2 - Clause conjunctions.)
nakatang (infl. of katang) adv. a short time span. Nakatang ya abuy inumbunak. I have sat for only a short time. Time. (sem. domains: 8.4.2.1 - A short time.)
na-₂ pass. this prefix derives the passive form of Class 4 verbal roots; past tense. Kananay “Hoy, nganney naat ke he-a?” He said “Hey, what was done to you?” Maid maptok ya nunhakkubun natu-i. Suddenly, he fell flat as he was pushed over. Adiyak kuma makiinum mu napilitak. I didn’t really want to drink with them but they pressured me (lit. I was forced). Sim: ma-₂. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)
munduwadduwa advpred. to do something hesitantly. [The form is a derivation of the number duwa ‘two’ so the literal meaning is ‘to be of two minds about something’.] Munduwadduwan linumtop nah puhung. He was hesitating when he jumped into the pool. Manner.
moppe (sp. var. muppe) adjunct. expresses a ‘now’ point on a time line when there is a restoration of a state of affairs or condition. Mada-idaih ya pakayahyaak moppe te impainumanak hi liting. After a while, I could breathe again because she gave me a drink of water. Attitudinal.
moma 1comm. betelnut and tree; areca palm. Daan di momam? Aga, ta mummoma ta. Where’s your betelnut? Come, let's chew. wh: mom-on₂; Spec: ballugu. (sem. domains: 1.5.1 - Tree.) 2trans. to chew betelnut; to chew betelnut with others is to socialize. An mummoma ka? Are you chewing betelnut? Mimma mi nan moma nah libbutan. We chewed the betelnuts in the bag. Makimma ka nadah tatagu nah malkadu. Chew betelnut with the people in the market. muN‑/nuN‑, ‑on/‑in‑, maki‑/naki‑. (sem. domains: 4.2 - Social activity.) 3comm. a riddle, the answer is betelnut because the ingredients for a chew number three. Nan tulu o opat an hin-aagi an hinumgup na liyang andanit bimmudo da ya maingit da. (moma) Three brothers or sisters that entered a cave, and came out red. (betelnut) der. kimma der. mom-on₂ id. Daan di momam?
malarya 1comm. an illness characterized by intermittent fever, body chills and shakes; malaria. Dakol di mundogo hi malarya. Many are sick with malaria. Syn: daku. (sem. domains: 2.5.2 - Disease.) 2intrans. for the body to shake due to malaria; to have malaria. Munmalarya te ugge na bo ininum nan aga na. He is sick with malaria again because he did not take his medicine. Namalarya handi imme dad baliwon. He had malaria when they went to the lowlands. muN‑/nuN‑, ma‑/na‑. (sem. domains: 2.5.1 - Sick.) Language Of Borrowing: English: malaria.
maki-₁ mod. this prefix encodes a participatory concept; it indicates that the agent subject is participating with others in an action or activity; non-past tense. Tibom bot adika makidkid-um hi fraternities te maid di hilbin dadiye. See to it also that you don’t join any fraternity groups because they are useless. Hinumang inada, “Te ume kayu moh iskul. Maki-e kan manong mu. Their mother answered, “Because you are going to school. You will go with your brother.” Matukatukal ka an e makitugatugal te mapat-al ya hilong di puntutugalan yu. You stay awake to join in gambling because your gambling goes on night and day. Sim: naki-; Sim: maki- -an, naki- -an. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)
