mangipangpangulu (der. of pangulu) deriv V. refers to those who lead other people in actions or activities. a verbal form derived from the noun ulu meaning ‘head’ and occurring in a construction with the agent-subject preposed before the verb. <This is a verbal form derived from the noun ulu meaning ‘head’ and occurring in a construction with the agent-subject preposed before the verb.
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mangdon (infl. of odon₂) refers to the person who holds something. Ha-oy di oggan mumbantay nah tendaan ya ha-oy di mangdon hi aladdun nan drawer. I was the one who sometimes guarded the store and I was the one who held a key to the drawer. maN‑. (sem. domains: 7.4 - Have, be with.)
mamaddang (infl. of baddang) trans. this form cross-references the agent-subject, i.e. the person who will help. Hiyay mamaddang ke ha-on nah tiempon punligatak. He will be the one to help me at the time I have hardship. Te hi Apu Dios an makaiddat ya mun-am-amlong an mamaddang ke ditaku. (James 1:5b) Because as for God who is generous, he is happy to help us.
maid di poppog na (ph. v. of maid) predicates that there is no end to an action or event. Maid di poppog nay diklamun datuwen tatagu ke ha-on. There is no end to these people complaining to me. Maid di poppog nay omnawan di tagu. There is no end to people desiring things.
lomam 1comm. a being that appears in nightmares. Tumakutak hi lomam. I’m afraid of a nightmare ghost. Sim: bangungut. (sem. domains: 4.9.2 - Supernatural being.) 2sta. to have a nightmare and experience chest heaviness. Muntigging kan mahuyop ta adika malmam. Sleep on your side so you won’t have a nightmare. 3trans. to be terrified with nightmares. Dakol di patibom ke ha-on hi katatakut ya lomamonak ke he-a. (Job 7:14) There are many things that you cause me to see that are fearful, and you terrify me with nightmares. (sem. domains: 3.4.2.4 - Afraid.) id. kay lomam
lak’a 1sta. to be easy to do or perform. Nalakan munbayuh kape. It is easy to pound coffee. Kon nalaka? Adik ot pe lakaon. Is it easy? I don’t take it to be easy. na‑. Sim: hin-unu. (sem. domains: 4.4.2 - Trouble.) 2adjectival predicate. to do something easily. Laklaka-on itagge nan batu. He lifts the stone easily. ‑on/‑in‑. 3cheap. 3.1sta. to be cheap; inexpensive. Nalakay bulhe te dakol. Green beans are cheap because there’s plenty of them. na‑. 3.2proc. to become cheap. Limmaka nan igattang dan liblu. The book they are selling became cheap. ‑um‑/‑imm‑. Language Of Borrowing: Ilocano.
lagim trans. to singe off the hair of animals or feathers of poultry. Ilagim yu tun manuk. You singe off the feathers of this chicken. Bokon ha-on di munlagim. I am not the one to do the singeing. Inlagim da nan labit. They singed the rabbit. i‑/iN‑. 3I Direct an action toward an object. Sim: lopa. (sem. domains: 5.2.1.2 - Steps in food preparation.)
kutu 1comm. lice that infests humans, particularly found in hair. Ad-adi waday kutu. It’s not good to have lice. Dimmakol di kutuk te uggeyak nun-amo. My lice have increased because I haven’t been bathing. (sem. domains: 1.6.1.7 - Insect.) 2trans. to remove someone’s lice. Kutuwan daka ad uwani ta ha-oy po hi bigat. I will remove your lice now and you will also remove mine tomorrow. ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. 5B Changing state of site by removal of something.
kodyat intrans. to raise eyebrows. [Raising the eyebrows is sometimes used as a communicative gesture.] Makainnilan waday secret ta te ipatpatibom an kumanodyat kan ha-oy. It is obvious that we have a secret when you reveal it by raising your eyebrows at me. ‑um‑/‑imm‑. 2G Processes. (sem. domains: 3.5.6.1 - Gesture.)
kipa- -an pass. this circumfix is a lexical nominalizer with a causative component. Napiliyak bon mangipainilan am-in hi taguh innun di kipaannungan nan planun ugge ni-an impainilan Apu Dios an nunlutu hi am-in. (Ephesus 3:9) I was chosen to make known to all people the fulfillment of the plan that God who created everything had not yet made known. Mu takon di athidiy udum ya maan-anlaak te hay importante ke ha-on ya hay kipainnilaan nan tuttudu mipanggep ke Kristo...(Philippi 1:18) But even though it’s like that with some (teachers), I am happy because what is important to me is that the teaching about Christ is being made known... (sem. domains: 9.2.9.3 - Derivational affixes.)
kinwani advpred. necessity; indicates that something is indispensible. Kinwaninay pihhuh pun-adal. Money is a necessity in schooling. Kinwaninay wadaak ta ahim ingngunu. It is necessary that I be here before you work. Kinwaninay ha-oy tuwali. It is necessary that I really be the one. Kinkinwaniy apul ta ahi ta mummoma. Lime is a necessity before we can chew betel mix. Modality. Sim: mahapul, importante. (sem. domains: 9.4.5 - Evidentials.)
kihang intrans. to be loose fitting. Kumihang di pantalon ku te kimmuugak. My pants became loose because I became thin. Mungkihkihang tun pantalon mun ha-on. Your pants are a bit loose for me. Gumattang ka boppoh apatut nan imbabalem on kumikihang. Whenever you buy shoes for your child they are very loose. Makakihhang hituwen bulwatin indat tulang ku. This dress that my sister gave is very loose. ‑um‑/‑imm‑ muN‑, maka‑. 2G Processes. (sem. domains: 8.3.1 - Shape.)
ke pe adjunct. indicates contrastiveness with emphasis. Ha-oy ke pe ya umamlongak. As for me, I am happy. Attitudinal. (sem. domains: 8.3.5.2.3 - Different, 9.6.3.2 - Markers of emphasis.)
ke hiya (n. ph. of hiya₂) pers. him, her, it; third person, singular pronoun; member of Set 4 direct or indirect object pronouns; the members of this objective set are not cross-referenced by the verbal affix. <The determiner ke or its allomorph n that attaches to a preceding word that ends in a vowel must co-occur.
ke ha-on (n. ph. of ha-on) pers. me; first person, singular personal pronoun; a member of Set 4 direct and indirect object pronouns; the members of this objective set are not cross-referenced by the verbal affix. <The determiner ke or its allomorph n that attaches to a preceding word that ends in a vowel must co-occur.
ke₃ det. a determiner that marks an indirect object that is not cross-referenced by the verb. the form ‘ke’ has an allomorph form. <The form ‘ke’ has an allomorph form, the ‘n’ attached to a preceding word that ends in a vowel.
kawot trans. 1to hold fast; to grasp. Handih e malting hi Brenda ya ingkawot na ke ha-on ot innang an malting kamin duwa. When Brenda was about to drown, she grasped me and both of us nearly drowned. Pun-ikawot mun hiya yaden punhipag ot ya abun tulang mu. You were holding him while your brother was socking him. Mahakit tun nangikawotanan ha-on dih indani. This part where she grasped me a while ago is painful. i‑/iN‑, puN‑i‑, nangi‑ ‑an. Sim: odon₂, kapet. (sem. domains: 7.3.4.4 - Hold.) 2to take hold of a handful of something. Kinawot na nan pitok ot ihaad na nah banong. He grasped a handful of mud and placed it on the mud-dike. Kinawot na nan pitok ot ipakpak nan ha-oy. She grasped the mud and threw it at me. ‑on/‑in‑. 4C Convey/bring objects toward agent. Sim: poka, gam’al. 3to cling to someone or something. Inang-ang na nan tindalu ya pun-ikawot nan inana. When he saw the soldier he was clinging to his mother. puN‑ i‑.
katlu₂ (der. of tulu) 1sta. the third in a sequence of count objects. Ha-oy di mikatlu ke dakamin liman hintutulang. I am the third of us five brothers. Hantuh mikatlu mipalpud uwani ya umalih tulang ku. On the third day from today, my brother will come. (sem. domains: 8.1.1 - Number.) 2nom. one-third share of a crop. (sem. domains: 8.1.1.6 - Fraction.) 3trans. to divide into three equal parts. (sem. domains: 7.8 - Divide into pieces.) 4comm. third day of the week. [first day is Monday.] Umali kah bale hi katluna. Come to the house on Wednesday. 5quan. refers to the third entity or event in a sequence. Hi katlun di algo nah biggat na, ihudum mo nan bubud ya tono hi buhi. On the third day in the morning, put the fermented rice and the juice into a wine jar. der. ingkatlu
kanu adjunct. allegedly; reportedly; it is said; refers to something that was not heard or seen first hand. Wada kanu di manamak ke ha-oy? They say someone is looking for me? Handih 25th di Aplil kinalin Mayor an umali kanu kamih tu. On the 25th of April, the Mayor said, it is reported, that we should come here. Kanan day deke mo kanu ta pidwana ya adida makie. They said, reportedly, that if there is another occasion they will not join in going. Nih-up da kanu nadan no- mungkalkali ot itikod na. According to him, those who were talking came near him and he stopped. Attitudinal. (sem. domains: 3.5.2.1 - Report.)
ka-ok 1sta. to be asleep. Ume kamin e nangihid-ip ke hiya ya naka-ok. We went to see him and he was fast asleep. Naka-ok ka nin te uggem dingngol nan kalik. Maybe you had fallen asleep because you did not hear my voice. Mungka-ok ot ahik tayanan. He was almost asleep when I left him. ma‑/na‑. 6A Physiological Process-State. Sim: huyop, yongyong. (sem. domains: 5.7 - Sleep.) 2nom. bed; sleeping place. Nah dulung di ka-okan taku. We will sleep on the floor. ‑an.
kahiN- -on mod. this modal circumfix adds the concept of pretense to a verb. Kahinhuyhuyopona pangalinat ha-oy di manaang. He pretended to be sleeping, hoping that I’ll be the one to cook. Deke bo udot ya kahinlullokon da ot inila takun adida unudon intugun taku. If they keep pretending to be deaf, then, we know that they will not follow what we advised. Kahindongdongollona hi kinalik. He pretends to be hearing what I said. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.)
