kuling₁ (sp. var. koling) comm. main beams of native house or granary; girders on which a floor is laid. Ip-iphod yun ihaad nan kuling na ta ahi ihaad tudan tabla. Carefully place the girders before we put the flooring. Hay mahmahdol an udyo di iha-ad an koling. The thicker narra boards will be placed as the girders. Dulawon di kuling di baleda. The main beams of their house are made of dulawon-wood. (sem. domains: 6.5.2 - Parts of a building.)
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kudukdul 1advpred. for something to be better or preferable to another thing to which it is compared. Kudukdul hin mungngunuwak te adiyak mundogo. It’s better if I work because I don’t get sick. Mu indani ya pimmalak bo ot nomnomonan kudukdulnay umanamut. But after awhile, she groaned again and so he decided it would be good to return home. Evaluative. (sem. domains: 9.3.1.3 - To a larger degree.) 2trans. to prefer a specific action over another. Kudukdulok di umanamut mu nan eyak mun-iyan hitu. I would prefer to go home than to overnight here. Pakudukdulok di mundaldallan mu hay um-umbun. I prefer to walk about rather than to be sitting down. ‑on/‑in‑, pa‑ ‑on. 4E Perception and Cognition. (sem. domains: 3.3.1.2 - Choose.) 3proc. for something to improve; become better. Kimmudukdul di giknak handi tinibo daka. My feeling became better when I saw you. ‑um‑/‑imm‑. (sem. domains: 9.1.1.2 - Become, change state.)
kotol 1sta. to feel cold; to become cold. Maktolak. I feel cold. Kinumtol handi mungkabigat. It became cold at dawn. ma‑/na‑, ‑um‑/‑imm‑. Sim: tuning. (sem. domains: 8.3.4.1 - Cold.) 2adj. superlative of cold; coldest. Hay kakotkotolan na hilong ya nah gawan di hilong. The coldest time of the night is midnight. ka‑ ‑an CVC‑. Qualifier. comp. ahikotolan
kitkitog 1comm. a small bat; lives in the eaves of houses, tree holes, caves; looks like a mouse with wings. Hay udum an tatagu ya ihda day kitkitog. Some people eat the kitkitog-bat. (sem. domains: 1.6.1 - Types of animals.) 2trans. to gather small kitkitog bats. Eda mangikitkitog nah liyang ad Atade. They are going to gather kitkitog-bats in the cave in Atade. mangi‑/nangi‑.
kipa- -an pass. this circumfix is a lexical nominalizer with a causative component. Napiliyak bon mangipainilan am-in hi taguh innun di kipaannungan nan planun ugge ni-an impainilan Apu Dios an nunlutu hi am-in. (Ephesus 3:9) I was chosen to make known to all people the fulfillment of the plan that God who created everything had not yet made known. Mu takon di athidiy udum ya maan-anlaak te hay importante ke ha-on ya hay kipainnilaan nan tuttudu mipanggep ke Kristo...(Philippi 1:18) But even though it’s like that with some (teachers), I am happy because what is important to me is that the teaching about Christ is being made known... (sem. domains: 9.2.9.3 - Derivational affixes.)
kina- 1mod. this prefix expresses the concept of a quality or characteristic being inherent or evident. Hi Apu Dios ya impatibo na kinaDios na. As for God, he has shown his Godness. Bumobboh-ol damdama ke dadiyen tulun gayyum Job te uggeda kinabaelan an hinumang hi Job hi ustu ta kay mo hi Apu Dios di nihalla an bokon hi Job. (Job 32:3) He was also very angry with Job’s three friends because they did not have the ability to adequately answer Job so that it was like God was mistaken, not Job. Deket mundama kayun tulang mu wenu hay udum an tatagu ya adi nalgom di kalyon hi kinagaga-iho da. When you quarrel with your brother/sister or other people, don’t tell about their evil. (sem. domains: 9.2.9 - Affixes.) 2dervN. the prefix derives a noun. Impakiala da nadan limmu da ya am-in di kinadangyan da. They got their property and all of their riches. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.3 - Derivational affixes.)
kilog 1trans. to provide food for sustenance resulting in stamina and strength. Maid di emi ikilog an mungngunu. We do not have any provisions to go to work. Hay gattuk di ingkilog hanadan aammod dih tiempon di gubat te maid di udum hi makan. Sweet potatoes were the sustenance provision of our grandparents during wartime because there was no other food. i‑/iN‑. 3I Direct an action toward an object. (sem. domains: 5.2 - Food.) 2sta. to be well-fed and so to be healthy; to gain strength. Makilog nan unga te nal-ot an mangan. The child is healthy because he is a good eater. Hiya peman di nangipaptok nah unga ta ingganay kumilog. He was the one who took care of that child until he gained strength. ma‑/na‑, ‑um‑/‑imm‑. Sim: bika, kuhog, olot.
kilkilang (sp. var. kelkelang; sp. var. kilkiling) comm. a bird species. [It is believed that they sing omens at night.] Hay ittolyah dingngol ku handi ya handi dandani mitungo nan tulang ku ya kumananta nan kilkilang nah nih-up hi balemi ot adi mumbayag ya nakatte nan tulang kun golang. The story I heard before is that when it was nearly time for my brother to be born, there was this night-bird that always sang near our house, and so the baby died in a short time. (sem. domains: 1.6.1.2 - Bird.)
kiingngohan (der. of ingngo) nom. comparison; refers to things that can be compared. Hay naminhod kun he-a ya maid di kiingngohana. My love for you is beyond comparison. ki‑ ‑an. (sem. domains: 8.3.5.2 - Compare.)
kawayan comm. bamboo, thornless variety. An inilam an munlagga hi kawayan? Do you know how to weave bamboo? Hay kawayan di pundulung yu. Use the bamboo for your flooring. Deket ittay dakol di bulwatina; mo diket naungal ya inwili nay bulwatina. (kawayan) It has plenty of clothes when young but parts with them when it grows old. (bamboo)(riddle) Spec: bay’ug, bikal, ano₁, kiling₁. (sem. domains: 1.5.3 - Grass, herb, vine.)
kaud 1intrans. to paddle a boat in order to move; to row a boat. Hanadan pungngunuwon dan mungkaud. Their work was to paddle (boats). muN‑/nuN‑. 1B Movement with a directional component. (sem. domains: 7.2.1 - Manner of movement.) 2nom. a paddle/oar for a boat. Hay pungkaud na ya nakapyah oak. His paddles were made of oak. puN‑. (sem. domains: 7.2.4.2.1 - Boat, 6.7 - Tool.)
katagutagu (der. of tagu₁) comm. refers to all of mankind. Gulat na te hay nahlagan di katagutagu ya hi Noah, adi ot nahalman an nunhihinnatkon di katagun hantudan katagutagu hantuh tap-on di luta. Supposedly because mankind descended from Noah, there should be no great difference in stature among all the people on the surface of the earth. ka‑ + CV(C)CV. (sem. domains: 2 - Person.)
kasu 1comm. refers to a civil lawsuit Hay kasu na ya pimmate. As for his case, it’s murder. (sem. domains: 4.7.4 - Court of law.) 2trans. to sue; to bring a case to court. Ikasu dakan dida hin adim tobalon nan molta da. They will sue you in court if you do not accept your fine. Kasuwan dakan pimmate. They will sue you for murder. Kinasuwan da hi Peter. They filed a case against Peter. Mungkinnasu da te adida mun-unnud nah hummangan da. They will sue each other in court because they could not come to terms. i‑/iN, ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an, muN‑ ‑inn‑. (sem. domains: 4.7.5 - Trial.) Language Of Borrowing: Spanish: caso.
kangkong 1comm. vegetable, water grown; similar to yam tops. Nan kangkong di ikamom nah dotag. Mix the kangkong-vegetable with the pork. Sim: petchay; Sim: wombok, petchay, buttata, gatgatang. (sem. domains: 5.2.3.1.3 - Food from vegetables.) 2intrans. to gather kangkong leaves. Mangangkong ka ta ihda taku hi bigat. Gather some kangkong-leaves for us to eat tomorrow. maN‑.
kali 1comm. language. 1.1comm. human speech: may refer to any unit of utterance such as a word or sentence; may refer to a particular language or dialect. Hinnatkon di kali dah bale da. They speak a different language in their house. Am-in di kalin amam ya un-unudom. Obey all the words of your father. Binalonay nay kalim te inlot mu yaden dakol day tatagu. He didn’t like the way you told him because you said it loudly and there were many people. Uggek bo udot inila nan kali da. I didn’t even know their language. (sem. domains: 3.5.3.1 - Word.) 1.2comm. (fig) refers to the vocal mechanism and the sounds produced; voice. Mababol di kali na. His voice is bassy. (sem. domains: 2.3.2.3 - Types of sounds.) 2speak. 2.1to speak; to say. Sim: hapit. 2.1.1trans. to say something with a focus on what is said. Handih 25th di Aplil kinalin Mayor an umali kanu da Apu Paredes ke Apu Datumanong hitu ad Ifugao. On the 25th of April, the Mayor said, it is reported, that Sir Paredes and Sir Datumanong will come here to Ifugao. Hay pinhod kun kalyon ya piliyom di maphod an barkadom. What I want to say is that you should choose good friends. ‑on/‑in‑. Speech verbs. (sem. domains: 3.5.1 - Say.) 2.1.2intrans. to talk; to utter words; to communicate ideas and thoughts. An kimmali ka? Did you talk? Ugge mi dingngol di nangikalim hi kalida. We did not hear how you talked in their language. Tinuttuduwak an kumali kali da. They taught me how to speak their language. Nih-up da kanu nadan no- mungkalkali ot itikod na. According to him, those who were talking came near him and he stopped. ‑um‑/‑imm‑, muN‑/nuN‑. (sem. domains: 3.5.1 - Say.) 2.1.3nom. A nominalization that focuses on the manner of speaking. Hay pungkalim an pabinnugtak. Your manner of speaking is abrupt and angry. puN‑. 2.1.4trans. to scold or warn. Kinalyana nadan imbabalena ta adida mangun-unud ke hiya. He warned his children so that they will not follow him. ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. (sem. domains: 3.3.3.7 - Warn.) 2.2trans. to say something by calling to someone. Kaliyam aga din mangen unga. Do call back the boy who is going. Hituwen makalin hagabi di katbalan di tagu peman. This so-called prestige feast hagabi entitles a man to due respect by his co-villagers. ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. (sem. domains: 3.5.1 - Say.) 3think. 3.1trans. to use the mind to process or consider information or data; to think. Handi pinghanan umeyak hidi ya kalyok on matalakak. When I went there for the first time, I thought I would get lost. Pangalik pe on attiken tagu mu handi immomwa ya atag-e. I thought he was a short man but when he straightened up he was tall. ‑on/‑in‑. (sem. domains: 3.2 - Think.) der. makali id. kay kidul di kalim id. malumii di kali na id. nidallom an kali infl. pangali
kalesa 1comm. two-wheel, horse-drawn wooden buggy. Hay ke kalesa ya iguyud di kabayu. The cart is pulled by a horse. (sem. domains: 7.2.4.1.1 - Vehicle.) 2intrans. to ride in a horse-drawn buggy. Maid di tolak kinali mungkalesa taku. There are no motor vehicles that is why we will ride in a horse drawn buggy. muN‑/nuN‑. Language Of Borrowing: Spanish: calesa.
kakulugana (der. of kulug) nom. the correct interpretation is; truthfully. Hay kakulugana ya naatuwak. Truthfully, I’m tired./The truth is, I’m tired. Hay kakulugana ya am-in tun matibom ya bagik. The truth is that everything you see is mine. Hay kakulugana ya maid di pumpiliyan da. Truthfully, they have no choice. (sem. domains: 3.5.1.3 - True.)
kadinawwina (der. of dawwi) nom. distance; refers to a measured distance from one place to another. Hay kadinawwinah nah ob-ob ad Patukan ya umeh tuluy kilometro The distance from the spring in Patukan was about 3 kilometers (sem. domains: 8.2.8 - Measure.)
kadangyan 1comm. traditionally this word referred only to the class of Ifugao who had performed prestige rituals, aristocrat, but it may now refer to any person who has wealth. Kadangyan di tagun waday pangulug nan Apu Dios. A person who has faith in God is rich. Inilak nan ohan iiba taku an kadangyan ni-an mu numbalin hi nawotwot te matugal. I know of one of our relatives who was once a very rich man but turned out to be a poor man because he was a gambler. Bokon taku met kadangyan ya maid di tawidon yu. We are not rich and you have nothing to inherit. Opp: wotwot. (sem. domains: 4.1.2 - Types of people, 6.8.1.2 - Rich.) 2comm. this word is used to refer to the highest class of people in Ifugao traditionally, those who have performed all of the rituals of prestige feasts. Hay humagabi ya hay kadangyan. The one who performs the humgabi-ritual must be rich. Cultural note: In traditional society, there were three classes of people: kadangyan - aristocrats, tagu - common people, children of the kadangyan who did not perform the wealth rituals, nawotwot - the poor. 3proc. to become rich or wealthy. Kumadangyan day mahlun tagu. Industrious people become rich. Kon tuwali waday kimmadangyan hi tugal? Rightly so, was there ever one who became a rich man through gambling? ‑um‑/‑imm‑. 2G Processes. 4trans. to enrich someone with something or to be enriched. Ikadangyan mu nan inakom. You will enrich yourself with what you stole. Pakiala day kinadangyan diyen boble. They will also get the wealth that enriched that village. i‑ ‑an/iN‑ ‑an,‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. id. ikadangyan di imbabale say. Hay uya-uy di puntopong hi kinadangyan di ohan tagu.
kadakol (der. of dakol) nom. refers to the amount or number of an entity. Nah kadakol di tatagu ya mahapul an halipat-an di pihhu. With the number of people, you have to be careful with your money. Hay kadakol di danum weno gatan di niyug ya nangamung di pinhod. The amount of water or coconut milk depends on what one prefers. Bukalom nan binokbok ya konoknongom di kadakol di punhagmuk mu. Now, crush the binokbok-leaves into powder and estimate how much you need. ka‑. (sem. domains: 8.1 - Quantity.)
kaan 1removal of something. 1.1trans. to remove something. Kaanom nan lugit hi bulwatim. Remove the dirt on your dress. ‑on/‑in‑. Class 4D Release, remove, detach object. Sim: longdada. (sem. domains: 7.3.2.7 - Take something out of something.) 1.2trans. to remove part of a substance with the partial component in focus. Kumaan ka nah dotag da Pedlo. Remove some from the meat of Pedro. ‑um‑/‑imm‑. 1.3trans. to remove part of a substance with a directional component in focus. Ikaan mu nah bokalaok. Deduct it from my wages. i‑/iN‑. 1.4trans. to remove part of a substance with a site component in focus. Kaanan yu nan pah-onok te madam-ot. Remove some of what I’m to carry because it’s heavy. ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an. 2removal of something. 2.1nom. to remove oneself from a job; resignation. Namodwong nah em pungkaanan. She was surprised at your resignation (lit. removal). puN‑ ‑an. (sem. domains: 7.2.7.1 - Stop moving.) 2.2nom. the removal of something. Takon ad uwani ya hay pangaan hi dogoy pangipuunan di dakol an tataguh pangulug da. Even today, healing (lit. removal of sickness) is the foremost reason that many people have faith. paN‑.
