Search results for "hakʷ"

hakʷ nf. fire feu (14 groups, 39 languages) B
This root is an established Chadic root, though the exact form of the Proto-Central Chadic root is harder to pin down. The *kʷ is present in six of the group proto-languages, and has the reflex *gʷ in the Bata and Kotoko South groups, *ɣʷ in the Higi group, *ʔʷ in the Margi group, and *w in the Maroua, Kotoko Island, Kotoko North and Kotoko Centre groups, and in Mbara in the Musgum group. These are not established changes. There is strong evidence for an initial consonant, and an initial *h is reconstructed. The *h is present in the Daba, Margi, Kotoko North and Musgum groups. However, in many groups the *h has been lost completely. There are a few unusual reflexes. The Proto-Daba root is the result of metathesis. In the Mafa group, the *h has been lost, triggering compensatory prefixation in Mafa and compensatory reduplication in Cuvok.

1Proto-Bata *gʷɨ fire feu 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) gúnə fire, heat. 1.2) Jimi (Djibi) gun Le feu 1.3) Sharwa (Gravina) rugʷə feu 1.4) Tsuvan (Johnston) gulkʷe le feu

2Proto-Daba *kʷahʷɨ fire feu 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) kʷɑhʷɑw fire feu 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) kʷɑhu fire feu 2.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) kʷɑhu (be) hot 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) kahaw fire feu 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) kùhū le feu, la lampe

3Proto-Mafa *hakʷa fire feu 3.1) Mafa (Barreteau) vogʷa feu 3.2) Cuvok (Gravina) kʷakʷaw fire feu

4Proto-Sukur *kʷɨ fire feu 4.1) Sukur (David) ku fire 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) ku fire; is the general term for fire.

5Proto-Hurza *akʷa fire feu 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) uko fire, light, electricity feu, lumière, electricité 5.2) Vame (Kinnaird) ákʷā fire feu

6Proto-Margi *hɨʔʷɨ fire feu 6.1) Bura (Blench) uʼu Fire 6.2) Margi (Hoffman) uʼu fire 6.3) Margi South (Harley) uʼu fire 6.4) Kilba (Schuh) huʼu fire

7Proto-Mofu *akʷɨ fire feu 7.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) àkù fire feu 7.2) Muyang (Smith) ɑku fire le feu, le courant électrique 7.3) Moloko (Friesen) oko fire feu 7.4) Zulgo (Haller) akʷá feu m. 7.5) Gemzek (Sabatai) ako fire feu 7.6) Merey (Gravina) ako feu 7.7) Dugwor (Jubumna) akʷa fire feu 7.8) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) awaw fire feu, chaleur torride

8Proto-Maroua *awɨ fire feu 8.1) Mbazla (Tourneux) awu feu 8.1.1) Mbazla (SILSurvey) àwú fire feu

9Proto-Higi *ɣʷi fire feu 9.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) ɣʷi 1.fire.2.flower 9.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) ɣʷi fire 9.3) Kirya (Blench) ɣù fire 9.4) Psikye (Angelo) gʷu fire 9.5) Bana (Lienhard) ɣʷə̀ feu

10Proto-Kotoko Island *aw fire feu 10.1) Buduma (McKone) aəw fire feu 10.2) Buduma (McKone) âw feu.

11Proto-Kotoko North *hɨw fire feu 11.1) Afade (Allison) hɨw fire feu 11.2) Malgbe (Allison) u fire feu 11.3) Maltam (Allison) jau fire feu

12Proto-Kotoko Centre *awɨ fire feu 12.1) Mser (Allison) awu fire feu

13Proto-Kotoko South *agʷa fire feu 13.1) Mazera (Allison) ago fire feu

14Proto-Musgum *huu, akʷɨ fire feu 14.1) Mbara (Tourneux) huu fire feu 14.2) Muskum (Tourneux) aku feu, chaud
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