Search results for "hɨjɨ"

haɗikʷ nm. grasshopper sauterelle (11 groups, 32 languages) B cf: dzaraj.
This root is difficult to reconstruct. The initial *h is retained in most groups, but was lost in Proto-Mafa and many individual languages, which is a common sporadic process. The *ɗ is retained only in Gidar. In many groups it has fused with the *i to become *j, and this *j triggered the creation of the palatalisation prosody in several languages in the Mofu group. These are both sporadic processes. However, in Hdi *ɗ has the reflex /ʔ/ and in Kilba /ʔʲ/. These are unestablished changes. The final *kʷ has been lost in several groups. In Proto-Bata, Proto-Margi and Proto-Mandara it has become *w, and this change also led to the creation of *o in Mpade. In Proto-Daba the labialisation component became *w and replaced the lost *h. In the Maroua group the labialisation component was reanalysed as the labialisation prosody. In the Higi group, *i and *k fused to create /gʲ/. In Bata, the *k fused with *ɗ to create /q/. All these processes are known sporadic processes.

1Proto-Bata *aɗikʷ grasshopper sauterelle 1.1) Bata (Boyd) qaawe locust criquet 1.2) Gude (Hoskinson) ájìwá grasshopper

2Proto-Daba *wajak grasshopper sauterelle 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) wɑjɑk grasshopper sauterelle 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) wɑjɑk grasshopper sauterelle 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) wajak grasshopper sauterelle 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) wàjə̄pʼ le criquet

3Proto-Mafa *jakʷ grasshopper sauterelle 3.1) Cuvok (Gravina) jakʷ grasshopper sauterelle

4Proto-Margi *haɗiw grasshopper sauterelle 4.1) Bura (Blench) hauwa Locust sp. 4.2) Kilba (Schuh) haʼji locust criquet

5Proto-Mandara *hɨjɨwɨ grasshopper sauterelle 5.1) Matal (Branger) hajaw locust locuste, criquet 5.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) hijawa,-ə sauterelle 5.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) íwa criquet (m) 5.4) Malgwa (Löhr) iiwe locust gen. criquet

6Proto-Mofu *hajakʷ grasshopper sauterelle 6.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) àwàjàk cricket criquet 6.2) Muyang (Smith) ejew generic term for grashopper criquet (mot générique) 6.3) Mada (Nkoumou) ájàw màdàlá criquet (sp.) 6.4) Moloko (Friesen) hejew cricket, generic name criquet; nom_geàneàral 6.5) Zulgo (Haller) hájaw sauterelle f. sp. 6.6) Gemzek (Sabatai) hejew grasshopper sauterelle 6.7) Merey (Gravina) hejew grasshopper sauterelle, criquet 6.7.1) Merey (Gravina) hejew grasshopper sauterelle, criquet 6.8) Dugwor (Jubumna) hʷejek locust locuste, criquet 6.8.1) Dugwor (Jubumna) hʷejek grasshopper sauterelle 6.9) Mofu North (Barreteau) hʷàjákʷ sauterelle (nom g;-en.) 6.10) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ajakʷ sauterelle, criquet (nom générique) ; (par ext.) insecte

7Proto-Maroua *hajak ʷ grasshopper sauterelle 7.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) juk(u) sauterelle (générique), criquet 7.1.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) juk(u) grosse sauterelle 7.1.2) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) juk(u) petite sauterelle noire 7.2) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) hojok grasshopper sauterelle 7.2.1) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) hojok locust locuste, criquet

8Proto-Lamang *hiʔi grasshopper sauterelle 8.1) Hdi (Bramlett) hiʼi grasshopper le criquet, la sauterelle

9Proto-Higi *haɗik grasshopper sauterelle 9.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) hagjí grasshopper 9.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) hagi grasshopper 9.3) Kirya (Blench) hàjí grasshopper 9.4) Bana (Lienhard) xàj sauterelle

10Proto-Kotoko North *hajaw grasshopper sauterelle 10.1) Mpade (Allison) hàjó grasshopper criquet 10.1.1) Mpade (Allison) gajo grasshopper sauterelle

11Proto-Gidar *hajɗaŋ ʸ grasshopper sauterelle 11.1) Gidar (Hungerford) heejɗeŋ locuste (migrateur), sauterelle, criquet 11.2) Gidar (Hungerford) hejdeŋ sauterelle 11.3) Gidar (Hungerford) hejɗeŋ criquet, sauterelle
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hɨjɨ n. millet mil (8 groups, 14 languages) A syn: daw, vɨjaw.
This is one of three or more well-attested roots for millet, the staple crop in the region. The forms of the root are very consistent, with the primary differences being in the quality of the vowels. The root is found in languages from a wide area, and so may be reasonably old. However the existence of four different roots for the staple crop suggests that agriculture was not practiced by the earliest Central Chadic peoples.

1Proto-Bata *haj millet mil 1.1) Sharwa (Gravina) hajən graine 1.2) Tsuvan (Johnston) he le mil

2Proto-Sukur *hɨj millet mil 2.1) Sukur (Thomas) həi guineacorn; general term for guineacorn

3Proto-Hurza *ahaj millet mil 3.1) Vame (Kinnaird) āháj millet mil

4Proto-Mandara *hɨjɨ millet mil 4.1) Matal (Branger) hi, həj millet mil 4.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) hijá,-ə 1 grain 4.2.1) Podoko (Swackhammer) hijá,-ə 2 mil 4.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) hiá mil (m)

5Proto-Mofu *haj millet mil 5.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) hāj millet mil 5.2) Moloko (Friesen) haj millet mil

6Proto-Lamang *hɨja millet mil 6.1) Lamang (Wolff) xíjá millet 6.2) Hdi (Bramlett) hija sorghum, guinea corn le sorgho, le mil

7Proto-Higi *ha millet mil 7.1) Psikye (Angelo) millet, corn 7.2) Bana (Lienhard) mil (nom générique)

8Proto-Gidar *hajɨ millet mil 8.1) Gidar (Hungerford) hajja mil de saison de pluie, sorgho 8.2) Gidar (Schuh) haja/0 mil 8.3) Gidar (Schuh) haja/0 sorgho
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