Search results for "kʷɨhɨm"

hɨmɨɗ ʸ nm. wind vent (14 groups, 37 languages) A cf: taɬ.
This root is attested across the Central Chadic languages. The basic meaning is 'wind', but is extended to cover the concept 'cold' in many languages. The initial *h is realised as *s in several groups. This does not correspond with any known regular change, but it may be due to spreading of a cognate form from another branch of Chadic. The root *kʷɨhɨm 'mouse' shows similar distribution of *s and *h. The initial /h/ in Buduma is probably the result of a regular change *s→h in that language, rather than a reflex of Proto-Central Chadic *h. The *h has been sporadically lost in many languages, and has resulted in compensatory reduplication in Cuvok and the two Mofu languages. *m is sporadically realised as *ᵐb in a few languages. There is evidence for the palatalisation prosody from almost all groups where it is expected. In Gidar the /j/ is the regular result of the palatalisation of *ɗ.

1Proto-Bata *miɗɨ wind vent 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) mə̀ɗá -ə air, wind 1.2) Jimi (Djibi) ᵐbiɗən Vent, souffle

2Proto-Daba *mɨɗ ʸ wind vent 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) mɑɗ (be) cold (objects) (être) froid 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) miɗ wind (n) vent 2.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) miɗ air air 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) maɗ (be) cold (objects) (être) froid 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) mīɗ le vent, le souffle, la vie

3Proto-Mafa *mamaɗ ʸ wind vent 3.1) Cuvok (Gravina) memeɗ wind vent 3.1.1) Cuvok (Gravina) memeɗ cold froid

4Proto-Sukur *mɨɗ ʸ wind vent 4.1) Sukur (David) míɗ wind 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) miɗ wind

5Proto-Hurza *hɨmaɗe wind vent 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) maɗ wind; cold vent, froid 5.2) Ndreme (Kinnaird) hùmàɗɛ̀ 5.3) Vame (Kinnaird) hə̀màɗè vent

6Proto-Margi *samaɗ ʸ wind vent 6.1) Bura (Blench) ʃaᵐbar Cold 6.1.1) Bura (Blench) ʃaᵐbar Wind 6.2) Margi (Hoffman) jamaɗə wind, cold 6.3) Margi South (Harley) jəᵐbaɗu wind

7Proto-Mofu *hɨmɨɗ ʸ wind vent 7.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) àmàɗ wind vent 7.2) Muyang (Smith) ɑməɗ air ; wind ; cold ; breath vent; froid 7.3) Mada (Nkoumou) amaɗ vent 7.4) Moloko (Friesen) həmaɗ wind, cold vent; froid 7.5) Zulgo (Haller) híᵐbíɗ vent m. 7.6) Gemzek (Sabatai) həᵐbeɗ le vent 7.7) Dugwor (Jubumna) həmeɗ wind vent 7.8) Mofu North (Barreteau) mèmə̀ɗ vent 7.8.1) Mofu North (Barreteau) mèmə̀ɗ froid 7.9) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) memeɗ vent, froid

8Proto-Maroua *hɨmɨɗ ʸ wind vent 8.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) himiɗ(i) vent, froid 8.1.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) himiɗ(i) se dégonfler 8.2) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) himeɗ wind vent 8.3) Mbazla (Tourneux) simeɗ vent 8.3.1) Mbazla (Tourneux) tʃimeɗ vent

9Proto-Kotoko Island *haᵐbaɗɨ wind vent 9.1) Buduma (McKone) həaᵐbaɗə; lieni cold weather temps froid 9.2) Buduma (McKone) hâᵐbaɗə le froid. 9.3) Buduma (McKone) hâᵐbəɗa froid.

10Proto-Kotoko North *samaɗe wind vent 10.1) Afade (Allison) semaɗe cold weather temps froid 10.2) Mpade (Allison) sɨ́máɗɨ̀ cold weather temps froid 10.3) Malgbe (Allison) tʃʼamare cold weather temps froid

11Proto-Kotoko Centre *sɨmaɗɨ wind vent 11.1) Lagwan (Allison) ʃima cold weather temps froid 11.1.1) Lagwan (Allison) sɨmaɗɨ; ɣʷava wind vent 11.2) Mser (Allison) sɨmaɗi cold weather temps froid

12Proto-Kotoko South *sɨmaɗe wind vent 12.1) Zina (Odden) asmaɗə; màgàwà wind vent 12.2) Mazera (Allison) sɨmɗe wind vent

13Proto-Musgum *sɨmaɗ ʸ wind vent 13.1) Vulum (Tourneux) sɨmer vent 13.1.1) Vulum (Tourneux) simer vent 13.2) Mbara (Tourneux) sumʼdaj cold 13.2.1) Mbara (Tourneux) sumʼdaj wind 13.3) Muskum (Tourneux) simet vent

14Proto-Gidar *sɨmja wind vent 14.1) Gidar (Hungerford) səmja vent, froid 14.2) Gidar (Schuh) səmja froid 14.3) Gidar (Schuh) səmja vent 14.4) Gidar (Hungerford) sɨmja froid
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kʷɨhɨm n. mouse souris (8 groups, 21 languages) A syn: katakam, kʷɨsɨm.
This root is cognate with *kʷɨsɨm, though there isn't a regular change that accounts for the distribution of the two forms. The *kʷ has the unestablished reflex *ɣʷ in Proto-Tera. The labialisation component has been reanalysed as the labialisation prosody in many Mofu group languages. The *h has been lost in several groups as a sporadic process, and has the irregular reflex *f in Matal, Muyang and Moloko.

1Proto-Bata *hʲɨmɨ mouse souris 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) hímà -ə mouse 1.2) Tsuvan (Johnston) himkən la souris

2Proto-Mafa *kʷama mouse souris 2.1) Mafa (Barreteau) kʷama souris

3Proto-Tera *ɣʷɨm mouse souris 3.1) Tera (Newman) ɣum mouse 3.2) Nyimatli (Harley) ɣum rat

4Proto-Sukur *kʷɨm mouse souris 4.1) Sukur (David) kum mouse 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) kum mouse; a small animal that is covered in fur and has a long thin tail. It lives in bush, people's house or where food is stored.

5Proto-Hurza *kʷɨham mouse souris 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) kuhom mouse souris 5.2) Vame (Kinnaird) kʷàm mouse souris

6Proto-Mandara *kʷɨhɨm mouse souris 6.1) Matal (Branger) kʷəfu, kufu mouse souris 6.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) kuma souris

7Proto-Mofu *kʷɨhɨm mouse souris 7.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) kūm mouse souris 7.2) Muyang (Smith) ɑkfum mouse (general word) souris (mot général) 7.3) Moloko (Friesen) okfom mouse souris 7.4) Zulgo (Haller) kʷàhúm souris f. 7.5) Gemzek (Sabatai) kohom mouse souris 7.6) Merey (Gravina) kuhum mouse souris 7.7) Dugwor (Jubumna) kohom mouse souris 7.8) Mofu North (Barreteau) hʷàm souris 7.9) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ahʷam mouse souris (nom gén.)

8Proto-Higi *kʷɨm mouse souris 8.1) Psikye (Angelo) kʷu mouse 8.2) Bana (Lienhard) kúm souris
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kʷɨsɨm n. mouse souris (5 groups, 12 languages) B syn: katakam, kʷɨhɨm.
This root is cognate with *kʷɨhɨm, though it may come from a separate source. There is no known regular change that would account for *h to *s or vice versa. The root with *h is also found in East Chadic and this root with *s is also found in West Chadic. It is strange that this root is found in the more easterly Central Chadic languages.

1Proto-Mofu *gʷamso mouse souris 1.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) gʷàmsò souris ; rat roussard 1.2) Moloko (Friesen) gəmso field mouse, grey souris de brousse; gris

2Proto-Kotoko North *kʷɨsɨm mouse souris 2.1) Mpade (Allison) kusumu mouse souris 2.2) Malgbe (Allison) gbim mouse souris 2.3) Maltam (Allison) ɓɨsɨm mouse souris

3Proto-Kotoko Centre *kʷɨsɨm mouse souris 3.1) Lagwan (Allison) xsumi mouse souris 3.2) Mser (Allison) kusum mouse souris

4Proto-Kotoko South *kʷɨsɨm mouse souris 4.1) Zina (Odden) àksùm mouse souris 4.2) Mazera (Allison) kusɨme mouse souris

5Proto-Musgum *kɨsɨm ʷ mouse souris 5.1) Vulum (Tourneux) kusum souris 5.2) Mbara (Tourneux) kusum mouse souris 5.3) Muskum (Tourneux) guzum souris

6Hausa kúusù /// kuusùu, kuusanjàa mouse souris
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