Search results for "wɨvɨn"

ɣʷɨvɨn ʸ nm. charcoal charbon de bois (14 groups, 30 languages) B
This root is well attested across the Cental Chadic languages. The final *n has the reflex *r in the Mandara and Mofu groups, as part of a regular change. However this change should have affected the Margi group, but has not. The change *n to *ŋ in several other groups is also regular, as is the change *v to *f in Proto-Kotoko North. The initial *ɣʷ has the unestablished reflexes *hʷ in Proto-Hurza and *ᵑgʷ in Proto-Daba. There is also a glottal reflex, probably from the unestablished sequence *ɣ→*g→*ʔ. In Moloko this is realised as /ɗ/. In Proto-Kotoko North the glottal has then fused with the *f to create the ejective *fʼ, which is a common sporadic process. In some groups the fricative component of *ɣʷ has been lost, leaving the labialisation component. This has the reflex *w in Mser, and is reanalysed as the labialisation prosody in Proto-Daba and Proto-Maroua, another common sporadic process. The labialisation has attached to another consonant in Proto-Margi. There is evidence for the palatalisation prosody from Proto-Bata, Proto-Margi, Proto-Mofu, Proto-Lamang, Proto-Higi and Proto-Musgum. In some cases the prosody has been vocalised.

1Proto-Bata *ivɨnɨ ʸ charcoal charbon 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) ìvə̀njínə charcoal. 1.2) Sharwa (Gravina) avihi charbon

2Proto-Daba *ᵑgʷɨvan ʷ charcoal charbon 2.1) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) ŋɡuvoŋ charcoal charbon de bois 2.2) Daba (Lienhard) ᵑgə̀vānʼ le charbon de bois

3Proto-Mafa *vaŋ charcoal charbon 3.1) Mafa (Ndokobai) vaŋ charbon

4Proto-Sukur *vin charcoal charbon de bois 4.1) Sukur (David) vin charcoal charbon

5Proto-Hurza *hʷɨvan charcoal charbon 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) uvon charcoal charbon 5.2) Vame (Kinnaird) hùvàn coal charbon

6Proto-Margi *vʷɨni charcoal charbon 6.1) Bura (Blench) vina Charcoal charbon 6.2) Margi (Hoffman) vunji charcoal charbon 6.3) Margi South (Harley) uvʷiᵑgi charcoal 6.3.1) Margi South (Harley) uvʷunji charcoal

7Proto-Mandara *ɣʷɨvɨrɨ charcoal charbon 7.1) Matal (Branger) aval charcoal charbon 7.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) uvara,-ə charbon 7.3) Glavda (Nghagyiva) ʁùvɾa charcoal charbon

8Proto-Mofu *ɣʷavar ʸ charcoal charbon 8.1) Moloko (Friesen) ɗever carbon charbon 8.2) Zulgo (Haller) aver charbon (m.) de bois 8.2.1) Zulgo (Haller) avér charbon (m.) de bois 8.3) Gemzek (Sabatai) aver charcoal charbon de bois 8.4) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ávaŋʷ charbon de bois

9Proto-Maroua *avɨn ʷ charcoal charbon 9.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) vù Mj, Mt), avoŋ, avu (Mv) (j) charbons éteints

10Proto-Lamang *ɣʷɨvani charcoal charbon 10.1) Lamang (Wolff) ɣuvini charcoal 10.2) Hdi (Bramlett) vwani charcoal le charbon de bois

11Proto-Higi *vɨʔʲɨn charcoal charbon 11.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) vjə charcoal charbon 11.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) vəno charcoal charbon 11.3) Bana (Lienhard) və̀ʼì charbon

12Proto-Kotoko North *fʼanfʼan charcoal charbon 12.1) Afade (Allison) fʼanfaʔn charcoal charbon de bois 12.2) Mpade (Allison) fònfòn charcoal charbon de bois 12.3) Malgbe (Allison) fanfan charcoal charbon de bois

13Proto-Kotoko Centre *wɨvan charcoal charbon 13.1) Mser (Allison) uvan charcoal charbon de bois

14Proto-Musgum *avaŋ ʸ charcoal charbon 14.1) Vulum (Tourneux) aveŋ charbon de bois 14.1.1) Vulum (Tourneux) aŋveŋ charbon de bois 14.2) Muskum (Tourneux) vet charbon de bois
Comments (0)

 

wɨvɨn n. grinding stone meule (14 groups, 30 languages) B
This root denotes the large stone with a flat top upon which food ingredients are ground. The changes *v→f in Musgum and *v→b in Gidar and the Meri subgroup of the Mofu group are regular, but the other instances of *b are not. There was a regular word-final change *n→r in the Margi-Mandara-Mofu major group. There is evidence for *w in the Margi, Mandara, Maroua, Lamang, Kotoko South and Musgum groups, in the form either of the vowel /u/ or the labialisation prosody.

1Proto-Daba *ŋvɨn grinding stone meule 1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ŋvɑn grinding stone pierre moudre 1.1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) mɑ̄n ŋ̀vɑ̄n upper grinding stone meule supérieure 1.2) Gavar (Viljoen) ŋvən tɑsɑɗ grinding stone pierre à moudre

2Proto-Tera *vɨna grinding stone meule 2.1) Nyimatli (Harley) vu̱na grinding stone 2.1.1) Nyimatli (Harley) vu̱na upper grinding stone 2.1.2) Nyimatli (Harley) vu̱nar grinding stone

3Proto-Sukur *ban grinding stone meule 3.1) Sukur (David) ban grinding table 3.2) Sukur (Thomas) ban grinding stone; the stone that is used to grind the guineacorn, maize, etc.

4Proto-Hurza *van grinding stone meule 4.1) Mbuko (Gravina) van stone upon which food is ground meule, pierre sur laquelle on écrase 4.2) Vame (Kinnaird) vàn millstone pierre à écraser, meule pour moudre les graines du mil, haricot etc .sous forme de la farine. Il est placé typiquement dans la cuisine

5Proto-Margi *bura grinding stone meule 5.1) Bura (Blench) bur, bura Lower grinding stone 5.2) Kilba (Schuh) bəra/a grinding quern

6Proto-Mandara *uvɨra grinding stone meule 6.1) Matal (Branger) vəl grinding stone meule 6.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) mavára,-ə meule 6.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) uvérá pierre plate qui servait autrefois à écraser le mil (f), pierre à écraser (f) 6.4) Malgwa (Löhr) ugvəra grinding stone, lower part 6.5) Glavda (Owens) váa grinding stone 6.5.1) Glavda (Nghagyiva) vàːɾa lower grinding stone 6.5.2) Glavda (Nghagyiva) vàːɾa grinding stone 6.6) Dghwede (Frick) vəra grinding stone

7Proto-Mofu *var ʸ grinding stone meule 7.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) āvár pierre pour écraser le mil 7.2) Muyang (Smith) ɑvɑr lower grinding stone meule, pierre sur laquelle on écrase la farine 7.3) Moloko (Friesen) ver pierre taillé à écraser dessus 7.4) Gemzek (Sabatai) bor grinding stone pierre à moudre** 7.4.1) Gemzek (Sabatai) ber grinding stone pierre à moudre** 7.5) Merey (Gravina) ber grinding stone pierre à moudre 7.5.1) Merey (Gravina) ber upper grinding stone meule supérieure

8Proto-Maroua *van grinding stone meule 8.1) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) ᵑgurvoŋ grinding stone pierre à moudre 8.2) Mbazla (Tourneux) vaŋ meule

9Proto-Lamang *buna grinding stone meule 9.1) Lamang (Wolff) bùnà grinding stone 9.2) Hdi (Bramlett) buna mortor stone la meule

10Proto-Higi *vɨna grinding stone meule 10.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) və̀nà Grindingstone-lower. 10.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) vəna millstone; grinding stone 10.3) Kirya (Blench) və̀nà millstone

11Proto-Kotoko Centre *vɨn grinding stone meule 11.1) Lagwan (Allison) vɨn grinding stone pierre à moudre 11.1.1) Lagwan (Allison) vɨn upper grinding stone meule supérieure

12Proto-Kotoko South *vuna grinding stone meule 12.1) Mazera (Allison) vuna grinding stone pierre à moudre

13Proto-Musgum *funaj grinding stone meule 13.1) Mbara (Tourneux) funaj millstone meule

14Proto-Gidar *bwɨn grinding stone meule 14.1) Gidar (Hungerford) buə̀n nawsəra meule, pierre, (à) écraser, moudre
Comments (0)