ɬɨrɨgi nf. root racine (11 groups, 31 languages) C
This root presents some difficulties in its reconstruction. The *ɬ is expected to have the reflex *ɮ in the South sub-branch, but this is not the case in any of the South groups (Bata, Daba, Mafa, Sukur). In the Bata group, there should also have been a subsequent change *ɮ→l in most languages, and this has not taken place. However, the regular change *r→l in the North sub-branch has taken place with a good degree of consistency. The *g has the unestablished reflexes /k/, /h/, /ᵑg/, /ŋ/ and /j/. In the Daba, Mafa and Maroua groups, and in some Mofu group languages, there is reduplication of the *ɬ. This is normally a sign that an initial consonant such as *h has been lost, but there is no direct evidence for such an initial consonant.
1Proto-Bata *ɬɨrɨgi root racine 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) lhə́rə̀gínə root(s) 1.2) Jimi (Djibi) ɬərəgin Racines 1.3) Sharwa (Gravina) ɬjərjəgi racine 1.4) Tsuvan (Johnston) ɬere la racine
2Proto-Daba *ɬaɬalaj root racine 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ɬɑɬɑlɑj root racine
3Proto-Mafa *ɬaɬaraj root racine 3.1) Cuvok (Gravina) ɬaɬalaj root racine
4Proto-Sukur *ɬɨj root racine 4.1) Sukur (David) ɬi root 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) ɬəi root:- the part of a plant that grows under the ground and absorbs water and minerals that is send to the rest of the plant.
5Proto-Hurza *ɬɨlɨkaj root racine 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) ɬəlaj root racine 5.2) Vame (Kinnaird) ɬə̄lkē root racine
6Proto-Mandara *ɬalɨh root racine 6.1) Matal (Branger) ɬⁱ̄lɪ̀h root racine 6.2) Mandara (Fluckiger) ɬalwe racine (f) 6.3) Malgwa (Löhr) thlalawe root 6.4) Glavda (Nghagyiva) ɬàlīja root 6.5) Dghwede (Frick) ɬəla root
7Proto-Mofu *ɬɨlaj root racine 7.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) ɬìkìlì root racine 7.2) Moloko (Friesen) ɬəlaj root racine 7.3) Zulgo (Haller) ɮílé racine f. 7.4) Gemzek (Sabatai) ɮəle racine 7.5) Merey (Gravina) ɮəlaj root racine 7.6) Dugwor (Jubumna) ɮəɮəlaj root racine 7.7) Mofu North (Barreteau) ɬə́fáj root racine 7.8) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ɬaɬalaj racine ; (sens fig.) fils, richesse
8Proto-Maroua *ɬaɬalaki root racine 8.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) ɬaɬalak(a) daᵐbaɬa (Mj) racine d'arbre, remède (Mv: slaslak= dambasla: écorce de racine, racine. Mj slaslalak= racine d'un arbre sec 8.2) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) ɬaɬalak root racine 8.3) Mbazla (Tourneux) ʃilki, tʃelki racine 8.3.1) Mbazla (SILSurvey) hìlíkiʼ root racine
9Proto-Lamang *ɬɨrɨŋ root racine 9.1) Hdi (Bramlett) ɬərəŋ root la racine
10Proto-Higi *ɬɨlɨᵑgɨ root racine 10.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) thlərəna root 10.1.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) thərna root 10.2) Kirya (Blench) ɬìrᵑgá root 10.3) Psikye (Angelo) ɬúgú root 10.4) Bana (Lienhard) xjílílìŋ(ə) racine
11Proto-Gidar *ɬalwaja root racine 11.1) Gidar (Hungerford) ɬalwaja racine
This root presents some difficulties in its reconstruction. The *ɬ is expected to have the reflex *ɮ in the South sub-branch, but this is not the case in any of the South groups (Bata, Daba, Mafa, Sukur). In the Bata group, there should also have been a subsequent change *ɮ→l in most languages, and this has not taken place. However, the regular change *r→l in the North sub-branch has taken place with a good degree of consistency. The *g has the unestablished reflexes /k/, /h/, /ᵑg/, /ŋ/ and /j/. In the Daba, Mafa and Maroua groups, and in some Mofu group languages, there is reduplication of the *ɬ. This is normally a sign that an initial consonant such as *h has been lost, but there is no direct evidence for such an initial consonant.
1Proto-Bata *ɬɨrɨgi root racine 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) lhə́rə̀gínə root(s) 1.2) Jimi (Djibi) ɬərəgin Racines 1.3) Sharwa (Gravina) ɬjərjəgi racine 1.4) Tsuvan (Johnston) ɬere la racine
2Proto-Daba *ɬaɬalaj root racine 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ɬɑɬɑlɑj root racine
3Proto-Mafa *ɬaɬaraj root racine 3.1) Cuvok (Gravina) ɬaɬalaj root racine
4Proto-Sukur *ɬɨj root racine 4.1) Sukur (David) ɬi root 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) ɬəi root:- the part of a plant that grows under the ground and absorbs water and minerals that is send to the rest of the plant.
5Proto-Hurza *ɬɨlɨkaj root racine 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) ɬəlaj root racine 5.2) Vame (Kinnaird) ɬə̄lkē root racine
6Proto-Mandara *ɬalɨh root racine 6.1) Matal (Branger) ɬⁱ̄lɪ̀h root racine 6.2) Mandara (Fluckiger) ɬalwe racine (f) 6.3) Malgwa (Löhr) thlalawe root 6.4) Glavda (Nghagyiva) ɬàlīja root 6.5) Dghwede (Frick) ɬəla root
7Proto-Mofu *ɬɨlaj root racine 7.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) ɬìkìlì root racine 7.2) Moloko (Friesen) ɬəlaj root racine 7.3) Zulgo (Haller) ɮílé racine f. 7.4) Gemzek (Sabatai) ɮəle racine 7.5) Merey (Gravina) ɮəlaj root racine 7.6) Dugwor (Jubumna) ɮəɮəlaj root racine 7.7) Mofu North (Barreteau) ɬə́fáj root racine 7.8) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ɬaɬalaj racine ; (sens fig.) fils, richesse
8Proto-Maroua *ɬaɬalaki root racine 8.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) ɬaɬalak(a) daᵐbaɬa (Mj) racine d'arbre, remède (Mv: slaslak= dambasla: écorce de racine, racine. Mj slaslalak= racine d'un arbre sec 8.2) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) ɬaɬalak root racine 8.3) Mbazla (Tourneux) ʃilki, tʃelki racine 8.3.1) Mbazla (SILSurvey) hìlíkiʼ root racine
9Proto-Lamang *ɬɨrɨŋ root racine 9.1) Hdi (Bramlett) ɬərəŋ root la racine
10Proto-Higi *ɬɨlɨᵑgɨ root racine 10.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) thlərəna root 10.1.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) thərna root 10.2) Kirya (Blench) ɬìrᵑgá root 10.3) Psikye (Angelo) ɬúgú root 10.4) Bana (Lienhard) xjílílìŋ(ə) racine
11Proto-Gidar *ɬalwaja root racine 11.1) Gidar (Hungerford) ɬalwaja racine
