ᵐbɨɗa v. change changer (8 groups, 24 languages) A
This root has the basic sense 'to change', with extended meanings including 'to turn', 'to exchange', 'to translate' etc. There was a regular word-final change *ɗ→r in part of the Higi group, but otherwise this root has been transmitted largely unchanged.
1Proto-Daba *ᵐbaɗ change changer 1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ᵐbɑɗ exchange échanger 1.1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ᵐbɑɗ change changer 1.2) Gavar (Viljoen) ᵐbɑɗ alter, change (tr) changer (tr), modifier 1.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) ᵐbɑɗ barter, exchange échange (de marchandises)
2Proto-Sukur *ᵐbɨɗa change change 2.1) Sukur (Thomas) ᵐbəɗa change; to exchange position, place, etc. With something else, so that you have what they have, and they have what you have.
3Proto-Hurza *ᵐbɨɗa change changer 3.1) Mbuko (Gravina) ᵐbəɗa transform transformer 3.2) Vame (Kinnaird) ᵐbə̀ɗédè ʒèk transform transformer
4Proto-Mandara *ᵐbɨɗa change changer 4.1) Matal (Branger) mabəɗla change changer 4.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) ᵐbə́ɗa changer, échanger 4.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) ᵐbéɗá changer, tomber - v. int. = mbádá 4.3.1) Mandara (Fluckiger) ᵐbáɗá (se) changer, (se) transformer 4.4) Malgwa (Löhr) ᵐbaɗa lakʷa change place temporarily 4.5) Dghwede (Frick) ᵐbətʼa to change
5Proto-Mofu *ᵐbɨɗ change changer 5.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) ᵐbaɗ aɬam exchange échanger 5.1.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) ᵐbaɗ aɬam replace remplacer 5.2) Moloko (Friesen) ᵐbaɗ transform transformer 5.2.1) Moloko (Friesen) ᵐbaɗ turn tourner 5.2.2) Moloko (Friesen) ᵐbaɗ change changer 5.2.3) Moloko (Friesen) ᵐbaɗ become devenir 5.3) Zulgo (Haller) ᵐbə̀ɗ changer, se modifier 5.4) Gemzek (Sabatai) ᵐbəɗ change (intr) changer (intr) 5.5) Dugwor (Jubumna) məᵐbəɗeŋ alter, change (tr) changer (tr), modifier 5.5.1) Dugwor (Jubumna) məᵐbəɗej change (intr) changer (intr) 5.6) Mofu North (Barreteau) méᵐbə̀ɗēj tourner, se retourner 5.6.1) Mofu North (Barreteau) méᵐbə̀ɗēj verser 5.6.2) Mofu North (Barreteau) méᵐbə̀ɗēj échanger, tranformer 5.6.3) Mofu North (Barreteau) méᵐbə̀ɗēj traduire 5.7) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ᵐbəɗ ́ turn around (se) tourner, retourner 5.7.1) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ᵐbəɗ ́ changer, échanger, (se) transformer ; traduire
6Proto-Maroua *ᵐbɨɗa ʸ change changer 6.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) ᵐbiɗi changer 6.2) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) ᵐbiɗe alter, change (tr) changer (tr), modifier
7Proto-Lamang *ᵐbɨɗa change changer 7.1) Lamang (Wolff) ᵐboɗo change, turn 7.2) Hdi (Bramlett) ᵐbəɗaj to transform, to turn échanger,tourner
8Proto-Higi *ᵐbɨɗɨ change changer 8.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) ᵐbə́rə́ntə́ Changed. 8.2) Kirya (Blench) ᵐbə̀rá to change, exchange 8.3) Bana (Lienhard) ᵐbə́rə́ varier, changer, échanger, remplacer, devenir
This root has the basic sense 'to change', with extended meanings including 'to turn', 'to exchange', 'to translate' etc. There was a regular word-final change *ɗ→r in part of the Higi group, but otherwise this root has been transmitted largely unchanged.
1Proto-Daba *ᵐbaɗ change changer 1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ᵐbɑɗ exchange échanger 1.1.1) Buwal (Viljoen) ᵐbɑɗ change changer 1.2) Gavar (Viljoen) ᵐbɑɗ alter, change (tr) changer (tr), modifier 1.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) ᵐbɑɗ barter, exchange échange (de marchandises)
2Proto-Sukur *ᵐbɨɗa change change 2.1) Sukur (Thomas) ᵐbəɗa change; to exchange position, place, etc. With something else, so that you have what they have, and they have what you have.
3Proto-Hurza *ᵐbɨɗa change changer 3.1) Mbuko (Gravina) ᵐbəɗa transform transformer 3.2) Vame (Kinnaird) ᵐbə̀ɗédè ʒèk transform transformer
4Proto-Mandara *ᵐbɨɗa change changer 4.1) Matal (Branger) mabəɗla change changer 4.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) ᵐbə́ɗa changer, échanger 4.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) ᵐbéɗá changer, tomber - v. int. = mbádá 4.3.1) Mandara (Fluckiger) ᵐbáɗá (se) changer, (se) transformer 4.4) Malgwa (Löhr) ᵐbaɗa lakʷa change place temporarily 4.5) Dghwede (Frick) ᵐbətʼa to change
5Proto-Mofu *ᵐbɨɗ change changer 5.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) ᵐbaɗ aɬam exchange échanger 5.1.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) ᵐbaɗ aɬam replace remplacer 5.2) Moloko (Friesen) ᵐbaɗ transform transformer 5.2.1) Moloko (Friesen) ᵐbaɗ turn tourner 5.2.2) Moloko (Friesen) ᵐbaɗ change changer 5.2.3) Moloko (Friesen) ᵐbaɗ become devenir 5.3) Zulgo (Haller) ᵐbə̀ɗ changer, se modifier 5.4) Gemzek (Sabatai) ᵐbəɗ change (intr) changer (intr) 5.5) Dugwor (Jubumna) məᵐbəɗeŋ alter, change (tr) changer (tr), modifier 5.5.1) Dugwor (Jubumna) məᵐbəɗej change (intr) changer (intr) 5.6) Mofu North (Barreteau) méᵐbə̀ɗēj tourner, se retourner 5.6.1) Mofu North (Barreteau) méᵐbə̀ɗēj verser 5.6.2) Mofu North (Barreteau) méᵐbə̀ɗēj échanger, tranformer 5.6.3) Mofu North (Barreteau) méᵐbə̀ɗēj traduire 5.7) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ᵐbəɗ ́ turn around (se) tourner, retourner 5.7.1) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) ᵐbəɗ ́ changer, échanger, (se) transformer ; traduire
6Proto-Maroua *ᵐbɨɗa ʸ change changer 6.1) Giziga Moutourwa (Michielan) ᵐbiɗi changer 6.2) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) ᵐbiɗe alter, change (tr) changer (tr), modifier
7Proto-Lamang *ᵐbɨɗa change changer 7.1) Lamang (Wolff) ᵐboɗo change, turn 7.2) Hdi (Bramlett) ᵐbəɗaj to transform, to turn échanger,tourner
8Proto-Higi *ᵐbɨɗɨ change changer 8.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) ᵐbə́rə́ntə́ Changed. 8.2) Kirya (Blench) ᵐbə̀rá to change, exchange 8.3) Bana (Lienhard) ᵐbə́rə́ varier, changer, échanger, remplacer, devenir