ra v. dig creuser (12 groups, 34 languages) A
The basic meaning of this verb is 'to dig'. In many languages the meaning extends to burying dead people and digging up peanuts, amongst other things. There was a regular change *r→l in the groups of the North sub-branch. This change is also expected in Proto-Daba, but two of the three sub-groups retain *r.
1Proto-Bata *ra dig creuser 1.1) Bata (Boyd) rá dig (hole, using iron instrument); dig_up (yams) 1.2) Gude (Hoskinson) ra dig 1.3) Jimi (Djibi) ran Creuser ;
2Proto-Daba *ra dig creuser 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) rɑ dig creuser 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) rɑ dig creuser 2.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) rɑ harvest, dig up (yams) récolter, déterrer (ignames) 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) kəra dig creuser 2.3.1) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) kəra hollow out (log) creuser, évider (rondin) 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) là creuser, s'installer, habiter, récolter, castrer 2.5) MazagwayHidi (Noussi) la creuser
3Proto-Tera *ra dig creuser 3.1) Tera (Newman) ra dig 3.1.1) Tera (Newman) ra plait 3.2) Nyimatli (Harley) ra dig
4Proto-Sukur *rɨ dig creuser 4.1) Sukur (David) rə dig, harvest by digging, to 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) rə harvesting; is the general term for harvesting of crops that grow under the soil for example groundnut, potato, cassava etc.
5Proto-Hurza *ra dig creuser 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) la dig creuser 5.1.1) Mbuko (Gravina) la dig up déterrer (les arachides) 5.2) Vame (Kinnaird) ráwā dig creuser 5.2.1) Vame (Kinnaird) rā mə̄tskā bury enterrer
6Proto-Margi *la dig creuser 6.1) Bura (Blench) la To dig 6.2) Margi (Hoffman) la dig 6.3) Kilba (Schuh) la/a dig
7Proto-Mandara *la dig creuser 7.1) Matal (Branger) malaj dig creuser 7.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) lahá creuser
8Proto-Mofu *la dig creuser 8.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) lì dig creuser, enterrement 8.1.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) lì enterrer 8.2) Muyang (Smith) li dig deeply creuser profondement 8.3) Mada (Nkoumou) méle creuser (récolter les choses en terre) 8.3.1) Mada (Nkoumou) mele creuser 8.4) Moloko (Friesen) laj dig creuser 8.5) Zulgo (Haller) le creuser 8.6) Gemzek (Sabatai) mele hollow out (log) creuser, évider (rondin) 8.6.1) Gemzek (Sabatai) mele dig creuser 8.6.2) Gemzek (Sabatai) mele ᵐburo enterrer 8.7) Merey (Gravina) la dig creuser, évider (rondin) 8.8) Dugwor (Jubumna) malij abed dig creuser 8.8.1) Dugwor (Jubumna) malij abeɗ hollow out (log) creuser, évider (rondin) 8.8.2) Dugwor (Jubumna) mala haj abed bury enterrer, ensevelir
9Proto-Maroua *li dig creuser 9.1) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) li gʷaf dig creuser
10Proto-Lamang *la dig creuser 10.1) Lamang (Wolff) la dig
11Proto-Higi *la dig creuser 11.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) lá dig 11.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) lakə dig (hole) 11.3) Kirya (Blench) lá to dig 11.4) Psikye (Angelo) lá dig 11.5) Bana (Lienhard) lá creuser, déterrer, enlever l'intérieur d'un carquois, etc. qqch. our on ne voit pas l'intérieur
12Proto-Kotoko Island *la dig creuser 12.1) Buduma (McKone) la creuser.
The basic meaning of this verb is 'to dig'. In many languages the meaning extends to burying dead people and digging up peanuts, amongst other things. There was a regular change *r→l in the groups of the North sub-branch. This change is also expected in Proto-Daba, but two of the three sub-groups retain *r.
1Proto-Bata *ra dig creuser 1.1) Bata (Boyd) rá dig (hole, using iron instrument); dig_up (yams) 1.2) Gude (Hoskinson) ra dig 1.3) Jimi (Djibi) ran Creuser ;
2Proto-Daba *ra dig creuser 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) rɑ dig creuser 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) rɑ dig creuser 2.2.1) Gavar (Viljoen) rɑ harvest, dig up (yams) récolter, déterrer (ignames) 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) kəra dig creuser 2.3.1) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) kəra hollow out (log) creuser, évider (rondin) 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) là creuser, s'installer, habiter, récolter, castrer 2.5) MazagwayHidi (Noussi) la creuser
3Proto-Tera *ra dig creuser 3.1) Tera (Newman) ra dig 3.1.1) Tera (Newman) ra plait 3.2) Nyimatli (Harley) ra dig
4Proto-Sukur *rɨ dig creuser 4.1) Sukur (David) rə dig, harvest by digging, to 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) rə harvesting; is the general term for harvesting of crops that grow under the soil for example groundnut, potato, cassava etc.
5Proto-Hurza *ra dig creuser 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) la dig creuser 5.1.1) Mbuko (Gravina) la dig up déterrer (les arachides) 5.2) Vame (Kinnaird) ráwā dig creuser 5.2.1) Vame (Kinnaird) rā mə̄tskā bury enterrer
6Proto-Margi *la dig creuser 6.1) Bura (Blench) la To dig 6.2) Margi (Hoffman) la dig 6.3) Kilba (Schuh) la/a dig
7Proto-Mandara *la dig creuser 7.1) Matal (Branger) malaj dig creuser 7.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) lahá creuser
8Proto-Mofu *la dig creuser 8.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) lì dig creuser, enterrement 8.1.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) lì enterrer 8.2) Muyang (Smith) li dig deeply creuser profondement 8.3) Mada (Nkoumou) méle creuser (récolter les choses en terre) 8.3.1) Mada (Nkoumou) mele creuser 8.4) Moloko (Friesen) laj dig creuser 8.5) Zulgo (Haller) le creuser 8.6) Gemzek (Sabatai) mele hollow out (log) creuser, évider (rondin) 8.6.1) Gemzek (Sabatai) mele dig creuser 8.6.2) Gemzek (Sabatai) mele ᵐburo enterrer 8.7) Merey (Gravina) la dig creuser, évider (rondin) 8.8) Dugwor (Jubumna) malij abed dig creuser 8.8.1) Dugwor (Jubumna) malij abeɗ hollow out (log) creuser, évider (rondin) 8.8.2) Dugwor (Jubumna) mala haj abed bury enterrer, ensevelir
9Proto-Maroua *li dig creuser 9.1) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) li gʷaf dig creuser
10Proto-Lamang *la dig creuser 10.1) Lamang (Wolff) la dig
11Proto-Higi *la dig creuser 11.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) lá dig 11.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) lakə dig (hole) 11.3) Kirya (Blench) lá to dig 11.4) Psikye (Angelo) lá dig 11.5) Bana (Lienhard) lá creuser, déterrer, enlever l'intérieur d'un carquois, etc. qqch. our on ne voit pas l'intérieur
12Proto-Kotoko Island *la dig creuser 12.1) Buduma (McKone) la creuser.