ᦄᦱᧇ1ŋaap²prepositionunderᦔᦴ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦄᦱᧇ ᦖᦱᧅ ᦕᦱ ᦺᦔ ᦙᦱ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦃᦱᧆ. Crabs were going back and forth under the rocks.ᦵᦙᦲ ᦖᦴ ᦓᦾᧉ ᦷᦎ ᧚ ᦅᦱ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦄᦱᧇ ᦷᦣᧉ.There was a piglet stuck under the fence.8.5.1.3.2Under, below
8.5.1.3. On
ᦺᦉᧈsaj²5001verb (transitive)to put into; put ontoᦌᦹᧉ ᦵᦂᦲ ᦙᦱ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦖᦸᧉ.He bought some salt and put it in the pot.ᦶᦔᧂ ᦷᦠ ᦓᦱᧅ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦷᦠ ᦵᦣᦲ ᦓᧃᧉ.He made a Naga head and put it on the prow of the boat.7.5.2.3Add to something7.3.2.6Put in2prepositionat (as in shout at, laugh at)ᦶᦕᧆ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦟᦴᧅ.He shouted at his son.ᦙᧃ ᦋᧅ ᦐᦱᧉ ᦣᦻᧉ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦵᦉᧁᧈ.He glared at his friend.3prepositioninto; onto; at. [Note: This preposition often marks the object of verbs such as 'see', 'meet', 'find', 'hit', or the object of emotions.]ᦀᧁ ᦓᦱᧆ ᦂᦱᧂ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦃᧁ.He pointed a gun at them.ᦷᦠ ᦑᦳᧇ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦖᦱᧅ ᦠᦲᧃ.His head hit a rock.ᦠᧃ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦵᦙ.He saw his wife.ᦉᧂ ᦂᦱ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦑᦱᧃᧈ.They were suspicious of him.7.5.2.3Add to something7.3.2.6Put in8.5.1.3On9.5.1Primary casesᦀᧁᦈᦲᧆᦺᦉᧈᦺᦈᦺᦈᦺᦉᧈᦺᦉᧈᦺᦈᦺᦉᧈᦉᦳᧃᧉᦺᦉᧈᦋᦹᧈᦺᦉᧈᦋᦻᦎᦱᦺᦉᧈᦷᦑᧆᦺᦉᧈᦷᦑᧆᦀᧁᦎᦱᦺᦉᧈᦑᦹᧃᦺᦉᧈᦷᦖᧅᦺᦉᧈᦺᦈᦺᦉᧈᦜᦲᧄᧉᦈᦲᧄᦶᦌᧈᦶᦎᧃᧈᦋᦹᦺᦉᧈᦟᦻᦏᦱᧂᦺᦣᧈᦺᦉᧈᦓᦱᦓᧄᧉᦶᦙᧈᦶᦩᦺᦉᦔᦳᧅᧈᦺᦣᧈᦺᦉᧈᦓᦱᦠᦴᦺᦛᦺᦈᦺᦉᧈᦷᦠᧆᦺᦣᧈᦺᦉᧈᦓᦱᦵᦣᧆᦺᦣᧈᦺᦉᧈᦷᦉᧃᦵᦣᧆᦺᦣᧈᦺᦉᧈᦓᦱ
ᦺᦎᧉ1taj³5001prepositionunder; belowᦖᦱᧅ ᦀᦲᧆᧈ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦉᦾᧉ ᦺᦊᧈ ᦷᦗᦰ ᦷᦜᧂ ᦠᦾᧉ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦺᦎᧉ ᦺᦢ ᦵᦃᧁ ᦺᦞᧉ.The grapes hung in big clusters under the green leaves.ᦵᦣᧆ ᦂᦱᧃ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦺᦎᧉ ᦟ ᦃ ᦓ ᦟᧄᧉ ᦢᦱᧅ ᦍᦱᧅ ᦺᦈ.They work under difficult conditions.8.5.1.3.2Under, below2adjectivelowerᦎᧂᧉ ᦏᦱᧃᧉ ᦵᦐᦲ ᦏᦹᧂ ᦏᦱᧃᧉ ᦺᦎᧉ.From the upper ranks to the lower ranks.ᦆᦱᧈ ᦟᧅ ᦅᦱᧃᧉ, ᦙᧃ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦙᦱ ᦶᦧᧃ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦆᦱᧈ ᦺᦎᧉ ᦺᦞᧉ.The branch gave way. He fell and hung on the lower branch.8.5.1.3.2Under, below3nounsouthᦑᦲᧇ2 2ᦃᧁ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦺᦑ ᦟᦳᧅ ᦗᦻ ᦺᦎᧉ ᦙᦱ.They say that the Dai came from the south.8.5.2.8North, south, east, west4post-verbdescending; down fromᦟᦴᧅ ᦀᦸᧃᧈ ᦁᧃ ᦺᦓᧉ ᧒ ᦔᦲ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦺᦎᧉ.Children from two years old down.8.5.2.5Downᦺᦎᧉᦺᦎᧉᦵᦐᦲᦵᦐᦲᦺᦎᧉᦵᦐᦲᦺᦎᧉᦟᦱᧂᧈᦺᦎᧉᦟᦳᧄᧈᦏᦱᧃᧉᦺᦎᧉᦠᦳᧃᦺᦎᧉᦢᦱᧃᧉᦺᦎᧉᦓᦱᦵᦐᦲᦣᦱᧃᧉᦺᦎᧉ
ᦺᦎᧉᦟᦱᧂᧈtaj³laaŋ⁵2000prepositionunder; especially, underneath a house. [Note traditional houses are built up on stilts.]ᦅᦳᧃ ᦏᧁᧉ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦺᦎᧉ ᦟᦱᧂᧈ ᦊᦱᧈ ᦍᦱᧂᧈ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦶᦓᧃ.If your elders are under the house don't walk loudly.ᦗᦻ ᦺᦎᧉ ᦟᦱᧂᧈ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦶᦔᧂ ᦑᦲᧈ ᦵᦟᧂᧉ ᦷᦣ ᦩᦻ.Under the house we will make a place to keep our cattle.8.5.1.3.2Under, belowᦺᦎᧉ1ᦟᦱᧂᧈ
ᦷᦎᧅtok²5001verb (intransitive)to fallᦠᧃ ᦗᦲᧅ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦠᦳᧃ ᦑᦱᧂ ᦺᦞᧉ ᦔᦸᧆ ᧚.He saw a piece of cloth that had fallen on the road.ᦂᦸᧂᧉ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦖᦱᧅ ᦠᦲᧃ ᦶᦎᧅᧈ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦕᦳᧂ ᦠᧃᧉ ᧞.The bottle fell on a stone and shattered into bits.7.2.2.5Move down2verb (intransitive)to pass (of time)ᦷᦎᧅ ᦞᧃ ᦷᦏᧃᧉ ᧒ ᦙᦱ ᦀᧁ ᦊᦱ ᦑᦱ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦣᦾ ᦢᦱᧆ.The next day (when the next day falls) rub medicine on the wound.ᦷᦎᧅ ᦵᦡᦲᧃ ᧖ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦉᧂ ᦃᦱᧃ ᦔᦲ ᦺᦖᧈ.When month six comes it is Tai new year.8.4Time3verb (intransitive)to set (of sun, moon)ᦎᦱ ᦞᧃ ᦡᦲ ᦺᦂᧉ ᦷᦎᧅ.The sun was about to set.ᦎᦱ ᦞᧃ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦵᦑᦲᧈ.The sun had not set yet.1.1.1Sun4verb (transitive)to produce (as an ear of grain, a stalk of bananas)ᦃᧁᧉ ᦷᦡᧂ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦷᦣᧂ.The corn produced ears of corn.ᦂᦽᧉ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦵᦣᦲ.The bananas produced stalks of bananas.6.1.2.5.1Arrange an event5verb (transitive)to land on (as of an aeroplane, a bird); to settle atᦃᧁᧉ ᦍᦳᧃ ᦢᦲᧃ ᦺᦔ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦵᦙᦲᧂ ᦶᦉ.Take an airplane to land in Kunming.ᦈᧁᧉ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦺᦐ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦺᦆᧈ ᦎᦱᧄ ᦏᦹᧂ ᦠᧃᧉ.Wherever you settle I want to follow you there.7.2.4.3Fly5.9Live, stay6verb (transitive)a duty or turn 'falls on' oneᦎᦸᦰ ᦙᦱ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦀᦲᦰ ᦶᦉᧂ ᦀᦳᧇᧈ.Next it was E Saeng's turn to tell her story.ᦷᦎᧅ ᦙᧃ ᦙᦱ ᦀᦳ ᦔ ᦏᦱᧅ ᦣᧅ ᦉᦱ ᦅᦳᧃ ᦏᧁᧉ.It has fallen on her to care for the elderly woman.8.4.5.1.6Alternate7prepositionontoᦁᦱᧉ ᦍᦱᧉ ᦓᧂᧈ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦎᧂᧈ ᦂᦳᧂ.He collapsed onto the couch.ᦓᦱᧂ ᦊᦱᧆ ᦓᧄᧉ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦶᦕᧃᧈ ᦶᦂᧁᧉ.She poured a libation onto the crystal slab.ᦙᧃ ᦌᦱᧁᧉ ᦍᦱᧃᧉ ᦂᧁᧉ ᦕᦳᧄ ᦀᧁ ᦷᦠ ᦝᦱᧆ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦡᦲᧃ.He grabbed her by the hair and slammed her head onto the ground.8.5.1.3On8prepositionone after another. [Note: Used in the construction: classifier+ᦷᦎᧅ+classifier.]ᦑᦸᧂᧈ ᦅᧄ ᦺᦘ ᦆᦱᧁᧈ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦆᦱᧁᧈ.She recited the poem verse by verse.ᦢᦲᧆ ᦀᧁ ᦐᦽᧈ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦐᦽᧈ.He picked up pine cone after pine cone.8.4.5.1.1Series9post-verbdown; low; away; finishedᦂᦳᧄᧉ ᦷᦠ ᦷᦎᧅ.She hung her head down (in shame).ᦟᦰ ᦶᦝᧆ ᦂᦱᧃ ᦊᦱᧄᧉ ᦜᦹᧆᧈ ᦂᧁᧈ ᦷᦎᧅ.They abandoned old practices away.8.5.2.5Down9.4.1.2Aspect--dynamic verbsᦅᦱᧈᦷᦎᧅᦐᧅᦺᦈᦷᦎᧅᦷᦎᧅᦅᦱᧉᦟᦳᧂᦃᦻᦷᦎᧅᦺᦈᦷᦎᧅᦉᦗᦷᦎᧅᦉᦸᧃᧈᦷᦎᧅᦋᦳᧄᦷᦎᧅᦍᦱᧄᦷᦎᧅᦏᦳᧅᧈᦷᦎᧅᦑᦲᧈᦷᦎᧅᦑᦱᧂᧉᦔᦲᧃᦑᦲᧈᦷᦎᧅᦑᦸᧂᧉᦷᦎᧅᦑᦸᧂᧉᦗᦱᦆᦸᦷᦎᧅᦑᦹᧃᦷᦎᧅᦓᧁᧈᦷᦎᧅᦕᦱᧃᦷᦎᧅᦖᦴᧈᦷᦎᧅᦷᦖᧅᦷᦎᧅᦺᦈᦷᦎᧅᦗᦹᧃᦵᦎᦲᧄᧈᦋᦾᧈᦷᦎᧅᦶᦙᧈᦶᦘᧈᦟᦴᧅᦷᦎᧅᦝᦱᧅᦷᦎᧅᦝᦱᧅᦟᦱᧅᦡᦲᧃᦷᦎᧅᦟᦳᧃᦷᦎᧅᦟᦴᧅᦗᦱᦟᦱᧂᦷᦎᧅᦠᦴᦟᦱᦷᦎᧅᦷᦠᦷᦎᧅᦵᦢᦲᦷᦎᧅᦵᦣᧈᦑᦲᧈᦷᦎᧅᦑᦲᧈᦜᦳᧂᦓᧄᧉᦷᦎᧅᦔᦲᦷᦎᧅᦵᦡᦲᧃᦏᦻᧈᦚᦳᧃᦷᦎᧅᦝᦱᧉᦜᧂᧈᦝᦱᧉᦟᦳᧄᦚᦳᧃᦷᦎᧅᦝᦱᧉᦣᦸᧂᧉᦚᦳᧃᦷᦎᧅᦞᧃᦷᦎᧅᦵᦟᦲᧆᦷᦎᧅᦵᦟᦲᧆᦷᦎᧅᦊᦱᧂᦍᦾᧉᦵᦠᦲᧈᦷᦎᧅᦊᦱᧂᦀᦸᧅᧈᦵᦡᦲᧃᦷᦎᧅ
ᦎᦲᧂ1tiŋ¹2000verb (transitive)to flatten; squash down; crushᦖᦸᧈ ᦵᦂᦲᧅᧈ ᦺᦔ ᦎᦲᧂ ᦈᦸᧉ ᦞᦸᧅ.The millstone rolled and crushed the monkey.ᦙᧃ ᦔᦸᧄᧉ ᦺᦙᧉ ᦠᧅ ᦎᦲᧂ ᦷᦎ ᦙᧃ.He cut down a tree and it fell on him.ᦀᧁ ᦗᦸᧇ ᦎᦲᧂ ᦡᦸᧅᧈ ᦺᦙᧉ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦙᧃ ᦵᦟᧃᧈ.Pile books on flowers to flatten them (dry them).7.5.9.1Load, pile8.5.1.3.1Aboveᦃᦳᧄᧈᦠᦲᧂᦎᦲᧂᦵᦎᧅᦆᦓᦑᦎᦲᧂᦊᦱᧉᦶᦎᧂᧈᦎᦲᧂᦵᦎᧅᦊᦱᧉᦎᦲᧂᦵᦎᧅᦎᦲᧂ
ᦵᦐᦲnɤɤ¹5001prepositiononᦔᦴ ᦵᦉᦲᧈ ᦵᦐᦲ ᦡᦲᧃ.Spread mats on the ground.ᦵᦣᦲ ᦵᦑᧁ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦵᦐᦲ ᦓᧄᧉ.Boats travel on water.ᦎᦲᧆ ᦵᦐᦲ ᦌᧂᧉ.Post it on the wall.8.5.1.3On2prepositionaboveᦉᧅ ᦀᧁ ᦔᦱ, ᦢᦲᧃ ᦶᦏᧆ ᦵᦐᦲ ᦓᧄᧉ ᦺᦔ.It grabbed a fish in its mouth and flew off over the water.ᦍᦸᧃᧉ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦃᦳᧄ ᦏᦱᧃᧈ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦍᧂ ᦣᦸᧃᧉ ᦊᦴᧈ, ᦅᦳᧃ ᦺᦔ ᦶᦈᧃᧈ ᦵᦐᦲ ᦠᧃᧉ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦀᦳᧃᧈ.Because the charcoal pit was still hot, the people standing above it were warm.8.5.1.3.1Above3adjectiveupperᦷᦣᧂ ᦂᦱᧃ ᦏᦱᧃᧉ ᦵᦐᦲ. An upper level department.ᦗᦲᧈ ᦓᦸᧂᧉ ᦢᦱᧃᧉ ᦗᦻ ᦵᦐᦲ.A relative from the upper village.8.6.2Top8.2.6.3High4nounnorthᦑᦲᧇ2 2ᦔ ᦎᦴ ᦵᦐᦲ.The north gate.ᦓᧄᧉ ᦺᦜ ᦣᦸᧆ ᦐᦲᧉ ᦆᦹᧃ ᦔᧃᧈ ᦗᦸᧅ ᦺᦔ ᦗᦻ ᦵᦐᦲ.The river flows this far and then turns back north.8.5.2.8North, south, east, west5post-verbascending; up fromᦟᦴᧅ ᦀᦸᧃᧈ ᦁᧃ ᧒ ᦵᦡᦲᧃ ᦃᦹᧃᧉ ᦵᦐᦲ.Children from two months up.7.2.2.4Move up8.5.2.4Upᦂᦱᧃᦵᦐᦲᦷᦜᧂᦈᧁᧉᦵᦐᦲᦷᦠᦺᦎᧉᦺᦎᧉᦵᦐᦲᦵᦐᦲᦺᦎᧉᦵᦐᦲᦏᦱᧃᧉᦵᦐᦲᦵᦐᦲᦂᦱᧆᦵᦐᦲᦂᦱᧆᦵᦐᦲᦟᦲᦵᦐᦲᦉᦐᦱᧄᦵᦐᦲᦶᦉᧃᧈᦵᦐᦲᦵᦌᦲᧃᦵᦐᦲᦷᦜᧂᦵᦐᦲᦷᦟᧅᦺᦑᦵᦐᦲᦘᦵᦐᦲᦷᦠᦠᦳᧃᦵᦐᦲᦢᦱᧃᧉᦺᦎᧉᦓᦱᦵᦐᦲ
ᦵᦑᦲᧄᧉtɤm⁶2000prepositionunderᦷᦂᧇ ᦟᦾ ᦺᦔ ᦵᦑᦲᧄᧉ ᦷᦃ.The frog swam under the bridge.ᦷᦣ ᦂᦲᧃ ᦊᦱᧉ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦵᦑᦲᧄᧉ ᦂᦸ ᦺᦙᧉ.A cow was eating grass under the tree.ᦀᧁ ᦵᦈ ᦕᦱᧉ ᦈᦱᧂ ᧒ ᦔᦱᧅ ᦙᧆ ᦵᦑᦲᧄᧉ ᦅᦱᧂ.Tie two corners of the scarf under your chin.8.5.1.3.2Under, belowᦵᦑᦲᧄᧉᦎᦲᧃ
ᦟᦱᧂᧈlaaŋ⁵prepositionbelowᦀᧁ ᦌᦱᧉ ᦕᧅ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦟᦱᧂᧈ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦺᦔ.She took her vegetable basket and went down out of the house.8.5.1.3.2Under, belowᦎᦟᦱᧂᧈᦺᦎᧉᦟᦱᧂᧈ
ᦟᦳᧄᧈlum⁵prepositionunderᦃᦳᧃ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦟᦳᧄᧈ ᦺᦙᧉ.Feathers fell under the trees.8.5.1.3.2Under, belowᦈᧁᧉᦟᦳᧄᧈᦝᦱᧉᦺᦎᧉᦟᦳᧄᧈ
ᦣᦸᧂhɔŋ⁴prepositionunder; belowᦀᧁ ᦖᦱᧅ ᦠᦲᧃ ᦷᦜᧂ ᦣᦸᧂ ᦎᦲᧃ ᦉᧁ ᦜᦲᧄᧉ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦺᦞᧉ.He put a large stone under the foot of the housepost.ᦕᦴᧉ ᦎᦲᧃ ᦢᦱᧃᧉ ᦣᦸᧂ ᦞᧆ.The people who live at the foot of the village below the monastery.ᦀᧁ ᦙᦹ ᦃᦸᧃ ᧚ ᦊᦲᧇ ᦡᧂ, ᦀᧁ ᦙᦹ ᦃᦸᧃ ᧚ ᦣᦸᧂ ᦂᦱᧃᧉ ᦆᦸ.With one hand pinch their nose, and put one hand under their neck (giving artificial respiration).8.5.1.3.2Under, belowᦂᧇᦣᦸᧂᦶᦏᧆᦣᦸᧂᦷᦔᧅᦣᦸᧂᦣᧇᦣᦸᧂ
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