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ᦎᦴ1tuu¹5001pronounwe; us. [Note: This is 'exclusive we' that does not include those being spoken to. See also ᦣᧁ 'inclusive we'.]ᦣᧁᦷᦣ ᦷᦎ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦷᦣ ᦎᦴ, ᦎᦴ ᦺᦟᧈ ᦶᦎᧈ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦎᦴ ᦙᦱ!This cow is ours (not yours). We drove it here from our home.ᦓᦸᧂᧉ ᦉᦴ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ ᦺᦔ ᦶᦔᧂ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦺᦖᧈ, ᦗᦲᧈ ᦎᦴ ᦡᦲᧈ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦂᧁᧈ.You younger couple go build a new house; we elders will stay at the old house.9.2.3Pronouns2pronounI. [Note: ᦎᦴ is used as the singular 'I' when addressing one's spouse, and in other family situations. Also when spoken by a king.]ᦶᦙᧈ ᦓᦱᧂ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦎᦴ ᦺᦔ ᦺᦐ ᦣᦱᧈ?Do you (my wife) want me to go somewhere?ᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦉᧂᧈ ᦺᦞᧉ, “ᦙᦹᧂ ᦚᧁᧉ ᦎᦴ ᦵᦓᦲ.”The king ordered him, 'You guard me.'9.2.3Pronounsᦎᦴᦃᦱᧉᦎᦴᦃᦾᧉᦕᦴᧉᦃᦱᧉᦎᦴᦣᦱᦎᦴ
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ᦗᦸpɔɔ⁴5001pre-verbvery; so much. [Note: In this sense ᦗᦸ is used with an adjective, and usually with a negative.]ᦢᧁᧈ ᦗᦸ ᦺᦂ.Not very far.ᦗᦻ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦣᦴᧉ ᦶᦈᧂᧉ ᦊᦴᧈ, ᦑᧁᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦗᦻ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦗᦸ ᦶᦈᧂᧉ ᦺᦉ.I understand this one clearly, but that one is not so clear.9.3Very2pre-verbreally; in a big way. [Note: Used with a verb.]ᦗᦸ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦚᦳᧃ ᦷᦜᧂ ᦷᦎᧅ.Brahma really caused a big rain.ᦦᦱᧂ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦍᦲᧃ ᦵᦉᦲ ᦣᦸᧂᧉ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦗᦸ ᦉ ᦡᦳᧂᧉ ᦎᦹᧃᧈ.The deer heard the tiger shout at him and really jumped.9.3.2Completely3pre-verbuntil; as far as; as much asᦗᦸ ᦎᦻ.Until death.ᦃᧁᧉ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ ᦑᦱᧂ ᦗᦸ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦣᦸᧄᧈ.They went in and out so much that there was a pathway.8.4.6.1.4Until4pre-verbabout toᦗᦸ ᦡᦲ ᦡᦾᧉ ᧞.We are just about to eat.ᦵᦣᦲ ᦗᦸ ᦡᦲ ᦜᦳ.The boat was about to break apart.8.4.6.4.1Soon5adjectiveenough; sufficientᦓᧄᧉ ᦣᦴᧉ ᦕᦴᧉ ᦃᦱᧉ ᦎᦴ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦗᦸ.Our knowledge is not sufficient.ᦗᦸ ᦅᦱᧈ ᦂᦳᧄᧉ ᦵᦟᧂᧉ ᦋᦲ ᦞᦲᧆ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦎᦻ.It is enough only to keep my life so I won't die.8.1.7Enough6prepositionas big as; as much as. [Note: Used with a classifier.]ᦔᧃᧉ ᦷᦣᧇ ᦅᦳᧃ ᦍᦱᧁ ᦗᦸ ᦉᦸᧅ.He moulded the shape of a person a whole forearm long.ᦀᧁ ᦂᧃ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦗᦸ ᦌᦱᧁ ᦔᦲ.They had been married for a whole twenty years.9.3.1Degree7post-verbenoughᦃᦸᧂ ᦗᦲᧆ ᦗᦴ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦗᦸ.Things don't change enough.ᦎᦳᧃ ᦷᦎ ᦺᦕ ᦙᧃ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦷᦏᧃᧉ ᦎᦲᧄ ᦗᦸ.Each of them was complete enough.8.1.7Enoughᦂᦲᧃᦀᦲᧄᧈᦎᦲᧄᦗᦸᦗᦸᦵᦄᦲᧉᦗᦸᦝᧂᦗᦸᦅᦱᧈᦗᦸᦺᦈᦗᦸᦊᦴᧈᦗᦸᦂᦲᧃᦗᦸᦺᦋᧉᦗᦸᦑᦲᧈᦗᦸᦡᦲᦗᦸᦡᦻᦗᦸᦡᧂᧈᦗᦸ᧒ᦙᦱᧅᦙᦲᦎᦲᧄᦗᦸᦡᦾᧉᦀᦲᧄᧈᦂᦲᧃᦗᦸ
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ᦂᧇ1kap²5001conjunctionand. [Note: ᦂᧇ connects nouns but rarely sentences. To connect sentences see ᧞.]1ᦖᦴ ᦶᦙᧈ ᦞᦱᧉ ᦂᧇ ᦖᦴ ᦄᦱᧃ.Sows and breeder pigs.ᦵᦣᧃ ᦟᦲᧅ ᦂᧇ ᦷᦎ.Study numbers and letters.ᦚᦳᧃ ᦷᦎᧅ ᦠᦱᧈ ᦷᦜᧂ ᦞᧃ ᦂᧇ ᦆᦹᧃ. It rained heavily day and night.ᦷᦂ ᦇᦴ ᦢᦳᧄᧈ ᦍᦳᧄ ᦂᧇ ᦊᦱᧉ.I am afraid of snakes hiding in the thickets and the grass.9.6.1.1And, also2prepositionto; connecting to; with; with respect to; because ofᦀᧁ ᦖᦱ ᦙᧆ ᦂᧇ ᦉᧁ ᦷᦣᧂ.He tied the dog to a pillar.ᦙᧃ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦊᦴᧈ ᦂᧇ ᦵᦙ ᦞᧃ ᦵᦡᧁ.He lived with his wife only one day.ᦏᧁᧉ ᦋᦱᧆ ᦺᦈ ᦡᦲ ᦂᧇ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦜᦱᧃ ᦉᦴ.I am very happy with you, my children.ᦷᦑᧅ ᦕᦱᧃ ᦂᧇ ᦟᦴᧅ.They were poor because of their son.8.5.2.7Towards9.6.2.5Cause9.5.2.2With, be with3prepositionto (speaking to). [Note: Used with verbs of request, urging, invitation and thanks.]ᦙᧃ ᦷᦋ ᦂᧇ ᦵᦙ ᦞᦱᧈ: ᦙᦱ ᦑᦽ.He invited his wife saying, 'Come along'.ᦍᦲᧃ ᦡᦲ ᦂᧇ ᦢᦳᧃ ᦈᧁᧉ.I am grateful for the goodness of the king.ᦂᧇᦂᦻᧈᦂᧇᦋᦸᧄᦂᧇᦑᧂᦂᧇᦶᦔᧈᦂᧇᦡᦽᧉᦂᧇᦺᦢᧉᦂᧇᦶᦣᧇᦂᧇᦣᦸᧂᦃᧁᧉᦂᧇᦅᦳᧃᦂᧇᦺᦈᦂᧇᦔᦏᦙᦂᧇᦷᦠᦒᦲᦕᦴᧉᦂᧇᦘᦰᦍᦱᧆᦙᦲᦂᧇᦷᦎ
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ᦓᧃᧉnan⁶ᦓᧃᧈ5001demonstrative adjectivethat. [Note: Used with a classifier.]ᦉᧅ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦖᦱᧅ ᦠᦲᧃ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦢᦲᧃ ᦗᦸᧅ ᦺᦔ ᦣᧂ.She grasped that stone in her beak and flew back to her nest.ᦍᦱᧄ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦵᦉᧂ ᦓᦱᧆ ᦶᦓᧃ ᦙᦱ ᦅᧄ ᦵᦡᧁ.At that time there was suddenly the sound of guns.9.2.3.5Demonstrative pronouns2demonstrative adjectiveas for. [Note: ᦓᧃᧉ marks the end of the topic in a topic-comment construction. It also marks the end of a relative clause.]ᦵᦙ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦺᦃᧉ, ᦀᧁ ᦺᦔ ᦊᦱ ᦑᦲᧈ ᦷᦣᧂ ᦊᦱ.The wife - she was ill. They took her to the hospital for treatment.ᦙᦲ ᦷᦓᧅ ᦍᦳᧂ ᦷᦎ ᦁᧃ ᦃᧅ ᦺᦅᧉ ᦖᧃᧈ ᦠᦱ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦷᦎ ᧚.There was a peacock who was diligent in hunting for food.9.6.2.2Limitation of topicᦺᦐᦓᧃᧉᦑᧁᧈᦓᧃᧉᦺᦡᦓᧃᧉ
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ᦟᦳᧂ1luŋ⁴5001verb (intransitive)to descend; go downᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦀᦲᧃ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦙᦱ ᦉᦱᧂᧉ ᦷᦟᧅ ᦉᦳᧂ ᦉᦱᧃ.Indra came down and created the world.ᦵᦖᦲᧃ ᦡᧂᧈ ᦶᦂᧁᧉ ᦟᦸᧆ ᦝᦱᧉ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦐᧂᧉ ᦠᦱᧈ ᦚᦳᧃ.He is like a jewel from the sky that came down with the rain.7.2.2.5Move down2verb (intransitive)to wane (of the moon). [Note: See the note at ᦵᦡᦲᧃ 'month' for a description of the calendar.]ᦵᦡᦲᧃ1 2ᦵᦡᦲᧃ ᧔ ᦟᦳᧂ ᧑᧐ ᦆᧄᧈ.Month four, the tenth day of the waning moon.1.1.1.1Moon3verb (transitive)to get off; go down fromᦟᦳᧂ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ.Go down from the house.ᦟᦳᧂ ᦡᦾ.Go down a mountain.7.2.2.5Move down4prepositiondownᦷᦓᧅ ᦢᦲᧃ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦂᦸ ᦺᦙᧉ ᦙᦱ.The bird flew down from the tree.ᦙᧃ ᦀᦹᧃ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦑᦸᧂᧉ.She swallowed it down into her stomach.8.5.2.5Down5post-verbdown (often not translated in English)ᦷᦎᧅ ᦓᧄᧉ ᦈᦳᧄ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦺᦔ.It fell in the water and sank down.ᦕᦸᧃᧈ ᦟᦳᧂ ᦵᦟᦲᧆ ᦟᦳᧄ ᦉᦳᧂ.Reduce your high blood pressure down.8.5.2.5Downᦃᦸᧉᦟᦳᧂᦷᦎᦃᧁᧉᦉᦴᧈᦟᦳᧂᦠᦱᦃᦹᧃᧉᦃᦹᧃᧉᦟᦳᧂᦟᦳᧂᦃᦹᧃᧉᦟᦳᧂᦷᦎᧅᦅᦱᧉᦟᦳᧂᦃᦻᦏᦽᧉᦺᦈᦟᦳᧂᦏᦾᦟᦳᧂᦗᦻᦟᦳᧂᦟᦳᧂᦅᦱᧈᦟᦳᧂᦉᦲᧃᦟᦳᧂᦋᦹᧈᦟᦳᧂᦷᦑᧆᦟᦳᧂᦙᦹᦟᦳᧂᦵᦣᦲᦵᦡᦲᧃᦟᦳᧂᦡᦱᧁᦟᦳᧂ
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ᦺᦡ1daj¹ᦺᦤ5001demonstrative adjectiveany; whichever. [Note: Used with a classifier.]ᦅᦳᧃ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦘᦱ ᦉᦱ ᦺᦡ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦠᦳᧄ ᦌᦹᧉ ᦵᦆᦲᧂᧈ ᦺᦑ ᦓᦳᧂᧈ ᦌᧄᧉ.People of any nationality, they all like to buy Dai clothing.ᦺᦔ ᦑᦱᧂ ᦺᦡ, ᦃᦲᧈ ᦅᦱ ᦷᦟᧆ ᦶᦂᧁᧉ.Whatever place they go, they ride in fancy cars.ᦅᧃ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦵᦣᧃ ᦷᦎ ᦺᦡ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦋᦱᧂᧈ ᦶᦎᧄᧉ, ᦆᦴ ᦉᦸᧃ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦉᧂᧈ ᦉᦸᧃ.If any student isn't able to write, the teacher teaches them.8.1.5.1Some2demonstrative adjectiveeach; per. [Note: Used with a classifier.]ᦞᧃ ᦺᦡ ᦠᦸᧄ ᦇᦹᧃ ᦺᦞᧉ.Each day she saved up some money.ᦙᦴ ᦺᦡ ᦺᦉᧈ ᦚᦳᧃᧈ ᧕ ᦂᦲᧃᧉ.Put on 5 jin of fertiliser per acre.8.1.5All3interrogative adjectivewhich. [Note: Used with a classifier.]ᦺᦃᧈ ᧒ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦟᦴᧅ ᦺᦡ ᦈᧅ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦗᦴᧉ?Of these two eggs which will be a male?ᦔᦲᧃ ᦷᦎ ᦺᦡ ᦙᦱ ᦵᦣᧆ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦣᦴᧉ.She didn't know which one was doing this to her.ᦓᦱᧂ ᦑᧂ ᧓ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦕᦴᧉ ᦺᦡ ᦕ ᦵᦉᦲᧆᧈ ᦋᦱ?Of these three ladies which is the most excellent?9.2.3.4Question wordsᦅᦱᧈᦺᦡᦅᦳᧃᦺᦡᦶᦉᧃᦺᦡᦊᦱᧂᧈᦺᦡᦅᦸᧉᦡᦲᦵᦋᦲᧉᦀᦹᧃᧈᦑᦱᧂᦺᦡᦶᦎᧈᦺᦡᦑᧁᧈᦺᦡᦔᦱᧃᦺᦡᦺᦡᦓᧃᧉ᧚ᦺᦡ
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ᦓᦱᧅnaak⁵20001nounnaga. [Note: The naga is the legendary serpent of the Buddhist tradition; a river dweller and producer of rain.]ᦓᦱᦅᦱᦠᦲᧄᦙᦗᦱᧃᦷᦠ ᦵᦣᦲ ᦑᦻᧉ ᦵᦣᦲ, ᦀᧁ ᦇᦱ ᦶᦔᧂ ᦷᦠ ᦓᦱᧅ ᦠᦱᧂ ᦓᦱᧅ ᦺᦉᧈ.On the prow and stern of the boat, they used ivory to make a naga head and tail.4.9.2Supernatural being2noundragon. [Note: The Chinese dragon and the western dragon are both called ᦓᦱᧅ.]4.9.2Supernatural beingSanskritnagacobra
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ᦉᦸᧉ1sɔɔ³adjectivepurple. [Note: ᦉᦸᧉ is a lighter shade of purple than ᦔᧂ.]ᦔᧂᦡᦸᧅᧈ ᦑᦲᧂᧈ ᦶᦌᧂᧈ ᦉᦸᧉ.Purple lilac flowers.8.3.3.3.4Colors of the spectrum
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ᦔᧂpaŋ¹adjectivepurple. [Note: ᦔᧂ is a darker shade of purple than ᦉᦸᧉ.]ᦉᦸᧉ18.3.3.3.4Colors of the spectrum
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ᦊᦱᧁᧉjaaw³2000nounhouse. [Note: ᦊᦱᧁᧉ is an attendant word and appears only in collocation with ᦵᦣᦲᧃ 'house'.]ᦵᦣᦲᧃ1 1ᦙᦲ ᦓᧄᧉ ᦑᦸᧈ ᦌᧄᧉ ᦋᦴᧈ ᦊᦱᧁᧉ ᦋᦴᧈ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ.Every house has running tap water.ᦖᦱ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦷᦈᧃ ᦙᦱ ᦺᦂᧉ ᦊᦱᧁᧉ ᦺᦂᧉ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ.The dog doesn't let thieves come near the house.6.5.1.1Houseᦊᦱᧁᧉᦵᦣᦲᧃ
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ᦵᦉᦲ1sɤɤ¹5001nountigerPanthera tigrisᦷᦎ 5ᦵᦉᦲ ᦣᦸᧂᧉ.The tiger roared.ᦵᦉᦲ ᦊᦸᧂᧈ ᦦᦱᧂ.The tiger stalked a deer.ᦺᦓ ᦠᦽᧉ ᦑᦱᧂᧉ ᦙᦲ ᦵᦉᦲ ᦣᦻᧉ.A fierce tiger lives in the riverbed.ᦵᦉᦲ ᦜᦸᧈ ᦃᧁᧉ ᦙᦱ ᦅᦱᧇ ᦀᧁ ᦂᦱᧃᧉ ᦆᦸ ᦙᧃ ᦅᧄ ᦵᦡᧁ.The tiger charged in and grabbed it by the neck.1.6.1.1.2Carnivore2nounfeline. [Note: ᦵᦉᦲ 'tiger' is used generically for all felines including house cats, tigers, lions, etc. The word ᦶᦙᧁ 'cat' is not used generically.]ᦶᦙᧁ11.6.1.1.2Carnivoreᦂᦱᧇᦵᦢᦲᧉᦎᦱᦵᦉᦲᦅᦲᧇᦷᦉᧇᦵᦉᦲᦵᦉᦲᦷᦆᧂᧈᦵᦉᦲᦉᦲᧂᦵᦉᦲᦵᦙᦲᧂᦵᦉᦲᦟᦻᦔᦱᦵᦉᦲ
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ᦶᦙᧁ1mæw⁴500nouncat. [Note: ᦶᦙᧁ refers to the domestic cat. It is not used generically for the feline family. For felines in general see ᦵᦉᦲ 'tiger'.]ᦵᦉᦲ1 2ᦷᦎ 5ᦠᦱᧂ ᦶᦙᧁ ᦟᦱᧆ ᦃᦱ.The cat's tail brushed against my legs.ᦙᧃ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦍᦲᧃ ᦵᦉᧂ ᦶᦙᧁᧈ ᦶᦙᧁᧈ, ᦶᦙᧁ ᦷᦂᧂᧉ ᦷᦎ ᧚ ᦶᦟᧃᧈ ᦀᦸᧅᧈ ᦵᦣᦲᧃ ᦺᦝ ᦙᦱ.He heard a 'meow-meow', and a spotted cat ran out of the kitchen.ᦟᦳᧇ ᦶᦙᧁ.Stroke a cat.ᦶᦙᧁ ᦠᦳᧄ ᦷᦖᧆ ᦺᦉ, ᦍᦱᧄ ᦺᦡ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦌᦽᧈ ᦐᦱᧉ ᦌᦽᧈ ᦎᦱ ᦊᦴᧈ.Cats like to be clean; they are always washing their faces.6.3.1.6Cat1.6.1.1.2Carnivoreᦷᦓᧅᦅᧁᧉᦶᦙᧁᦓᦸᦓᦱᧉᦡᧂᦶᦙᧁᦷᦣᧇᦋᦱᧂᧉᦣᦱᧂᧈᦶᦙᧁ
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ᦗᦸᧈpɔɔ⁵500nounfather. [Note: Used pronominally by or when speaking to men. Also, a father is often called by the name of his oldest child. Thus a man whose oldest child is Xam is called Paw Xam (Xam's father). Also used as a title for craftsmen.]ᦶᦙᧈ 1ᦅᦳᧃ1 3ᦗᦸᧈ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦺᦃᧉ ᦐᧅ.Their father was ill.ᦙᦲ ᦞᧃ ᧚ ᦙᧃ ᦢᦸᧅᧈ ᦃᧁ ᦞᦱᧈ: ᦗᦸᧈ ᦺᦆᧈ ᦊᦱᧅ ᦔᦱ ᦶᦠᧂᧉ.One day he told them, 'I am hungry for dried fish'.ᦗᦸᧈ ᦂᦸᧂ ᦁᦱ ᦍᦳ ᦺᦡᧉ ᧒᧕ ᦔᦲ.Kong's father is 25 years old.ᦃᦱᧉ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦗᦸᧈ ᦋᦱᧂᧈ ᦆᧄ ᦜᦸᧈ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦜᦲᧄᧉ.I had a goldsmith pour some gold bars for me.9.6.3.8Honorifics 4.1.9.1.2Father, motherᦀᦲᦰᦗᦸᧈᦈᧁᧉᦗᦸᧈᦗᦸᧈᦀᦻᧉᦗᦸᧈᦀᦱᧁᦗᦸᧈᦀᦸᧅᧈᦗᦸᧈᦵᦂᧇᦗᦸᧈᦃᦱᧉᦗᦸᧈᦃᦾᧉᦗᦸᧈᦅᦱᧉᦗᦸᧈᦅᦸᧉᦗᦸᧈᦆᦴᦗᦸᧈᦈᦱᧃᦗᦸᧈᦵᦉᧁᧈᦗᦸᧈᦋᦻᦗᦸᧈᦎᦱᦗᦸᧈᦏᧁᧉᦗᦸᧈᦑᦱᧁᧉᦗᦸᧈᦓᦱᦗᦸᧈᦓᦱᧉᦗᦸᧈᦓᦱᧂᦗᦸᧈᦔᦴᧈᦗᦸᧈᦔᦲᧆᦎᦱᦗᦸᧈᦖᦸᦗᦸᧈᦖᦻᧉᦗᦸᧈᦶᦙᧈᦗᦸᧈᦷᦜᧂᦗᦸᧈᦵᦟᧂᧉᦗᦸᧈᦟᦳᧂᦗᦸᧈᦡᦸᧂᦗᦸᧈᦢᦱᧃᧉᦗᦸᧈᦵᦣᦲᧃᦗᦸᧈᦣᦱᧂᧉ
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ᦚᦲ2fii¹nounlip. [Note: Both ᦚᦲ and ᦚᦲᧈ mean 'lip'.]ᦚᦲᧈᦃᦸᧃ1 22.1.1.4Mouthᦚᦲᦷᦉᧇᦚᦲᦝᦸᧈ
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ᦷᦎᦃᦱᧉtoo¹xaa³500pronounI; me. [Note: ᦷᦎ ᦃᦱᧉ is used among equals.]ᦷᦎ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦙᦱ ᦵᦎᦲᧄᧈ ᦷᦎ ᦃᦱᧉ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦐᧂᧉ ᦡᦲ ᦊᦱᧈ.It would be really good if you helped me.9.2.3Pronounsᦷᦎᦃᦱᧉ1
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ᦉᧅᦃᦱᧆsaxaat²ᦉᦃᦱᧆ20001nouncalendar, [Note: See ᦔᦲ 'year' for more about the calendar.]ᦔᦲ1 1ᦉᧅ ᦃᦱᧆ ᦺᦑ.The Tai calendar.ᦈᦳᧃ ᦟ ᦉᧅ ᦃᦱᧆ ᧑᧓᧗᧘ ᦷᦎ, ᦉᧅ ᦃᦱᧆ ᦷᦟᧅ ᦔᦲ 2016 ᦷᦎ.1378 in the Culasakaraja calendar, and 2016 in the international calendar.8.4.1.1Calendar2nouneraᦶᦉᧆ ᦉᦲᧂᧈ ᦉᧅ ᦃᦱᧆ ᦓᧃᧉ ᦗᦻ ᦜᦻ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦈᦲᧇ ᦌᧄᧉ ᦵᦠᦲᧃᧉ.Most animals from that era have become extinct.ᦑᦸᧂᦰ ᦵᦞᧂ ᧞ ᦢᦱᧃᧉ ᦑᦳᧂᧈ, ᦅᦸᧉ ᦵᦖᦲᧃ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦉᧅ ᦃᦱᧆ ᧒ ᦋᦱᧆ ᦺᦞᧉ ᧞.If you look at the city and the countryside, it is like two different eras.8.4.1.7Era3noundynastyᦉ ᦃᦱᧆ ᦃᦱᧃᧈ.Han dynasty.4.6.1.1King's familyᦈᦳᧃᦟᦉᧅᦂᦟᦱᦋ
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ᦌᦲᧈ1sii⁵2000nountownship. [Note: A ᦌᦲᧈ is larger than a ᦶᦌᧂᧈ 'township'.]ᦍᦳᧂ ᦎᦲᧃᧈ ᦌᦲᧈ.Yung Tin Township.4.6.7.2City
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ᦡᦹᧄᧈdɯm²verb (transitive)to drink. [Note: ᦡᦹᧄᧈ is usually used only for drinking alcohol.]ᦡᦹᧄᧈ ᦜᧁᧉ.Drink liquor.5.2.2.7Drinkᦡᦹᧄᧈᦂᦲᧃ
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ᦀᦲᦰ3ʔiʔ²pre-verbirrealis. [Note: Colloquial variant of ᦈᧅ.]ᦈᧅ19.4.4.10Irrealis
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ᦃᦾᧉxɔj³500pronounI; me. [Note: ᦃᦾᧉ is deferential. Used when addressing elders or teachers.]ᦈᧁᧉ ᦞᦸᧂᧉ ᦵᦣᧀ, ᦃᦾᧉ ᦙᦱ ᦀᦳᧇᧈ ᦅᧄ ᦵᦙᦲᧈ ᦂᦸᧃᧈ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦝᧂ!O emperor, I have come to tell you a story.ᦀᦻᧉ ᦀᦳᧃᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ: “ᦃᦾᧉ ᦔᦲᧃ ᦅᦳᧃ ᦋᦻ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦡᧂᧈ ᦣᦹ ᦓᧂᧈ ᦶᦀᧇ ᦅᦳᧃ ᦍᦲᧂ ᦣᦱ!”Unn said (to the teacher), 'I am a boy, how can I sit beside a girl?'9.2.3Pronounsᦃᦾᧉᦃᦾᧉᦃᦾᧉᦶᦡᧈᦃᦾᧉᦢᦱᧆᦎᦴᦃᦾᧉᦷᦎᦃᦾᧉᦗᦸᧈᦃᦾᧉ
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ᦷᦎᦂᦴtoo¹kuu¹pronounI; me. [Note: ᦂᦴ is used in familiar relationships and between friends.]9.2.3Pronounsᦷᦎᦂᦴ
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ᦡᦹᧄᧈᦂᦲᧃdɯm²kin¹verb (transitive)to drink. [Note: ᦡᦹᧄᧈ ᦂᦲᧃ is usually used only for drinking alcohol.]5.2.2.7Drinkᦡᦹᧄᧈᦂᦲᧃ
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ᦃᦱᧉ1xaa³5001nounslaveᦅᦳᧃ1 3ᦅᧃ ᦺᦆᧈ ᦂᦲᧃ ᦵᦖᦲᧃ ᦈᧁᧉ ᦓᦲᦰ ᦠᦹᧉ ᦺᦡᧉ ᦵᦣᧆ ᦵᦖᦲᧃ ᦃᦱᧉ.If you want to eat like a king you must work like a slave.4.5.4.4Slave2nounhilltribe personᦷᦔᧅ ᦆᦸᧂ ᦃᦱᧉ ᦢᦱᧃᧉ ᦺᦘᧈ ᦵᦙᦲᧂ ᦡᦲ ᦡᦲ.He ruled the hilltribe people and the commoners well.4.1.9.9Race3pronounI; me. [Note: ᦃᦱᧉ is used when speaking to strangers, or being deferential.]ᦙᧃ ᦏ ᦜᦲ ᦺᦛᧉ ᦘ ᦍᦱ ᦞᦱᧈ: “ᦃᦱᧉ ᦅᦸᧉ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦙᦲ ᦉᧂ ᦙᦱ ᧞.He declared his obeisance to the king saying, 'I don't have anything to bring.'9.2.3Pronounsᦃᦱᧉᦵᦉᦲᧅᦃᦱᧉᦺᦋᧉᦃᦱᧉᦓᦾᧉᦃᦱᧉᦷᦗᧅᦺᦋᧉᦃᦱᧉᦺᦘᧈᦃᦱᧉᦷᦜᧂᦃᦱᧉᦟᦴᧅᦃᦱᧉᦶᦡᧈᦃᦱᧉᦢᦱᧃᧉᦅᦳᧃᦵᦙᦲᧂᦃᦱᧉᦵᦣᦲᧃᦃᦱᧉᦣᦻᧉᦅᦳᧃᦇᦱᧃᦃᦱᧉᦣᦻᧉᦅᦳᧃᦷᦈᧃᦎᦴᦃᦱᧉᦷᦎᦃᦱᧉᦵᦏᦲᧃᧈᦃᦱᧉᦓᦱᦺᦑᦕᦴᧉᦃᦱᧉᦗᦸᧈᦃᦱᧉ
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ᦷᦎᦃᦾᧉtoo¹xɔj³pronounI; me. [Note: ᦷᦎ ᦃᦾᧉ is used among equals or when speaking to a superior.]9.2.3Pronounsᦷᦎᦃᦾᧉ
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ᦙᦸᧂᧈ2mɔŋ⁵20001verb (intransitive)to wonder. [Note: ᦙᦸᧂᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ is often used to introduce rhetorical questions or contemplative questions.]ᦙᦸᧂᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦙᧃ ᦈᦳ ᦂᦴ ᦣᦱᧈ?I wonder if he is lying to me?ᦙᦸᧂᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦑᦱᧃᧈ ᦎᦲᦰ ᦘᦱᧅ ᦈᦱᧅ ᦂᦴ ᧞ ᦢᧁᧈ ᦋᦱᧂᧈ ᦞᦱᧈ ᦌᦹᧈ ᦣᦱᧈ?I wonder if he is going to leave me, but he can't say it outright?3.2.1.1Think about2post-verbsmoothly; easilyᦌᦽᧈ ᦷᦉᧇ ᦷᦖᧆ, ᦠᦹᧉ ᦏᦽᧉ ᦺᦈ ᦙᦸᧂᧈ ᦡᦲ.Clear out his mouth; make sure he can breathe easily.6.1.3.1Easy, possibleᦅᦹᧆᦙᦸᧂᧈᦘᦸᧂᦍᦱᧅᦷᦉᧇᦙᦸᧂᧈᦅᧄᦜᦻᦙᦹᦶᦜᧆᦺᦈᦙᦸᧂᧈᦙᦲᧂᧈᦙᦸᧂᧈᦙᦸᧂᧈᦺᦈᦙᦸᧂᧈᦍᦸᧂᧈᦙᦸᧂᧈᦍᦸᧂᧈᦙᦸᧂᧈᦺᦞ
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