nà-prf:marker of speech act participant involvement, but speaker is not actor.Ló tiqkvt nàshvtshì.'Well, now fight again.'Sv̀ngdúng rvpsèrì nø mvkv́m kaq nàyáshìnø̀ng wa vlò we íe.'I have been telling to Sangdong family members to abstain from eating fungus.'Mishinnvrirì shvngbe nàtv́ng nø̀ng alòe.'(He) said, you all the missionaries must return.'Tvróng gùng nàtaqò.'You hammer the post.'Dvgúng nàbèòe.'You are taking the wrong bag.'Vsv̀ngkaq nò nàlǿmshìe.'You depend so much on other people.'=è-