hʷiɗ n. stomach ventre (9 groups, 29 languages) B
The basic sense of this root is the interior of the belly, i.e. the lower part of the abdomen, and in particular the stomach. In some languages the word is used in prepositional constructions to mean 'inside something'. The *hʷ is retained in most groups, but has the reflex *w in Proto-Maroua, Proto-Musgum and Dugwor, which is a common sporadic change. The *ɗ has the reflex *r in Ga'anda, Mbazla and Proto-Musgum, which is an unestablished change. This is also a regular change word-finally for several Higi group languages, as is the loss of final consonants.The *i is reconstructed from the evidence from Proto-Tera, Proto-Lamang and Proto-Higi.
1Proto-Mafa *hʷaɗ belly ventre 1.1) Mafa (Ndokobai) hʷaɗ ventre 1.2) Cuvok (Gravina) hʷaɗ abdomen (external) estomac, abdomen (externe) 1.2.1) Cuvok (Gravina) ɬam da hʷaɗ stomach (internal) ventre (interne)
2Proto-Tera *hʷira belly ventre 2.1) Gaʼanda (Gwaji) hʷira stomach
3Proto-Sukur *hʷɨɗ belly ventre 3.1) Sukur (David) ɣuɗ belly 3.2) Sukur (Thomas) huɗ stomach; belly:- some body with a big stomack either man or woman.
4Proto-Mandara *hʷɨɗɨ belly ventre 4.1) Matal (Branger) hʷəɗ belly ventre 4.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) huɗa,-ə 1 ventre 4.2.1) Podoko (Swackhammer) huɗa,-ə 2 intérieur 4.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) huɗe ventre (m), intérieur (m), entrailles (f. pl.) 4.4) Malgwa (Löhr) huɗe stomach 4.5) Glavda (Nghagyiva) xùɗa stomach (internal) 4.5.1) Glavda (Owens) xʷə́d belly 4.6) Dghwede (Frick) xʷtʼe belly
5Proto-Mofu *hʷɨɗ belly ventre 5.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) huraɗ stomach ventre 5.2) Muyang (Smith) huɗ belly ; interior ; underide ventre; dessous 5.3) Mada (Nkoumou) hoɗ ventre (interne) 5.3.1) Mada (Nkoumou) hoɗ ventre (interne) 5.4) Moloko (Friesen) hoɗ stomach ventre 5.5) Zulgo (Haller) huɗ ventre m. 5.5.1) Zulgo (Haller) húɗ ventre m. 5.6) Gemzek (Sabatai) huɗ sein 5.6.1) Gemzek (Sabatai) hoɗ le sein 5.7) Merey (Gravina) huɗ ventre 5.8) Dugwor (Jubumna) waɗ stomach (internal) ventre (interne) 5.8.1) Dugwor (Jubumna) waɗ (təseve) abdomen (external) estomac, abdomen (externe) 5.9) Mofu North (Barreteau) hʷāɗ ventre 5.9.1) Mofu North (Barreteau) hʷaɗ ventre 5.10) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) hʷaɗ stomach ventre 5.10.1) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) hʷaɗ intérieur, centre
6Proto-Maroua *wuru belly ventre 6.1) Mbazla (Tourneux) wuru ventre 6.1.1) Mbazla (SILSurvey) àwúrù belly ventre
7Proto-Lamang *huɗi belly ventre 7.1) Lamang (Wolff) xúɗí belly, inside 7.2) Hdi (Bramlett) huɗi abdomen le ventre
8Proto-Higi *hʷiɗ belly ventre 8.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) hʷí stomach 8.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) hʷi stomach (internal) 8.3) Kirya (Blench) hʷúr stomach 8.4) Bana (Lienhard) xʷə́r ventre, grossesse
9Proto-Musgum *war belly ventre 9.1) Vulum (Tourneux) war ventre 9.2) Mbara (Tourneux) war belly
The basic sense of this root is the interior of the belly, i.e. the lower part of the abdomen, and in particular the stomach. In some languages the word is used in prepositional constructions to mean 'inside something'. The *hʷ is retained in most groups, but has the reflex *w in Proto-Maroua, Proto-Musgum and Dugwor, which is a common sporadic change. The *ɗ has the reflex *r in Ga'anda, Mbazla and Proto-Musgum, which is an unestablished change. This is also a regular change word-finally for several Higi group languages, as is the loss of final consonants.The *i is reconstructed from the evidence from Proto-Tera, Proto-Lamang and Proto-Higi.
1Proto-Mafa *hʷaɗ belly ventre 1.1) Mafa (Ndokobai) hʷaɗ ventre 1.2) Cuvok (Gravina) hʷaɗ abdomen (external) estomac, abdomen (externe) 1.2.1) Cuvok (Gravina) ɬam da hʷaɗ stomach (internal) ventre (interne)
2Proto-Tera *hʷira belly ventre 2.1) Gaʼanda (Gwaji) hʷira stomach
3Proto-Sukur *hʷɨɗ belly ventre 3.1) Sukur (David) ɣuɗ belly 3.2) Sukur (Thomas) huɗ stomach; belly:- some body with a big stomack either man or woman.
4Proto-Mandara *hʷɨɗɨ belly ventre 4.1) Matal (Branger) hʷəɗ belly ventre 4.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) huɗa,-ə 1 ventre 4.2.1) Podoko (Swackhammer) huɗa,-ə 2 intérieur 4.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) huɗe ventre (m), intérieur (m), entrailles (f. pl.) 4.4) Malgwa (Löhr) huɗe stomach 4.5) Glavda (Nghagyiva) xùɗa stomach (internal) 4.5.1) Glavda (Owens) xʷə́d belly 4.6) Dghwede (Frick) xʷtʼe belly
5Proto-Mofu *hʷɨɗ belly ventre 5.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) huraɗ stomach ventre 5.2) Muyang (Smith) huɗ belly ; interior ; underide ventre; dessous 5.3) Mada (Nkoumou) hoɗ ventre (interne) 5.3.1) Mada (Nkoumou) hoɗ ventre (interne) 5.4) Moloko (Friesen) hoɗ stomach ventre 5.5) Zulgo (Haller) huɗ ventre m. 5.5.1) Zulgo (Haller) húɗ ventre m. 5.6) Gemzek (Sabatai) huɗ sein 5.6.1) Gemzek (Sabatai) hoɗ le sein 5.7) Merey (Gravina) huɗ ventre 5.8) Dugwor (Jubumna) waɗ stomach (internal) ventre (interne) 5.8.1) Dugwor (Jubumna) waɗ (təseve) abdomen (external) estomac, abdomen (externe) 5.9) Mofu North (Barreteau) hʷāɗ ventre 5.9.1) Mofu North (Barreteau) hʷaɗ ventre 5.10) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) hʷaɗ stomach ventre 5.10.1) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) hʷaɗ intérieur, centre
6Proto-Maroua *wuru belly ventre 6.1) Mbazla (Tourneux) wuru ventre 6.1.1) Mbazla (SILSurvey) àwúrù belly ventre
7Proto-Lamang *huɗi belly ventre 7.1) Lamang (Wolff) xúɗí belly, inside 7.2) Hdi (Bramlett) huɗi abdomen le ventre
8Proto-Higi *hʷiɗ belly ventre 8.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) hʷí stomach 8.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) hʷi stomach (internal) 8.3) Kirya (Blench) hʷúr stomach 8.4) Bana (Lienhard) xʷə́r ventre, grossesse
9Proto-Musgum *war belly ventre 9.1) Vulum (Tourneux) war ventre 9.2) Mbara (Tourneux) war belly
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