zɨrwa ʸ n. shame honte (6 groups, 10 languages) B syn: hʷaraj.
This is one of two widespread roots for 'shame'. It is found primarily in languages of the North sub-branch. The changes *z→s in Proto-Margi and Proto-Musgum are regular, but the Sukur /s/ is not. There was a regular change *r→l in the North sub-branch, so *l is expected, except in Sukur, which is part of the South sub-branch. The data does not match this expectation. The root may therefore have entered the North sub-branch after this change took place, but at a time when *r had re-entered the phonemic inventory, and before the later *r→l change in Proto-Margi. The Sukur word must be a borrowing from the Margi group.
1Proto-Sukur *sɨlɨj shame honte 1.1) Sukur (Thomas) sələi shy;- shame
2Proto-Margi *sili shame honte 2.1) Bura (Blench) sili Shame, embarrassment sili ali I am ashamed sili akwa nci I am ashamed hara sili aka To shame kili silir mda To humiliate vu mda alwa sili To put to shame
3Proto-Mandara *zɨrɨwɨ ʸ shame honte 3.1) Matal (Branger) ʒɪ̀rʉ̀wì shame honte 3.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) ʒɨ́rəwa,-ə 1 honte 3.2.1) Podoko (Swackhammer) ʒɨ́rəwa,-ə 2 respect 3.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) ʒéréwé autruche (f) - honte (f), respect (f) 3.4) Malgwa (Löhr) ʒirwe shame 3.5) Glavda (Nghagyiva) ʒìrwa shame (n) 3.5.1) Glavda (Owens) žir ostrich, shame, shyness
4Proto-Mofu *zɨrwɨ ʸ shame honte 4.1) Muyang (Smith) zirwi shame ; respect ; benefit honte, respect, bienfait 4.1.1) Muyang (Smith) zirwi honte, respect, bienfait
5Proto-Lamang *zɨru shame honte 5.1) Lamang (Wolff) zə́rù feeling of shame
6Proto-Musgum *sɨjar ʸ shame honte 6.1) Vulum (Tourneux) sijer honte
This is one of two widespread roots for 'shame'. It is found primarily in languages of the North sub-branch. The changes *z→s in Proto-Margi and Proto-Musgum are regular, but the Sukur /s/ is not. There was a regular change *r→l in the North sub-branch, so *l is expected, except in Sukur, which is part of the South sub-branch. The data does not match this expectation. The root may therefore have entered the North sub-branch after this change took place, but at a time when *r had re-entered the phonemic inventory, and before the later *r→l change in Proto-Margi. The Sukur word must be a borrowing from the Margi group.
1Proto-Sukur *sɨlɨj shame honte 1.1) Sukur (Thomas) sələi shy;- shame
2Proto-Margi *sili shame honte 2.1) Bura (Blench) sili Shame, embarrassment sili ali I am ashamed sili akwa nci I am ashamed hara sili aka To shame kili silir mda To humiliate vu mda alwa sili To put to shame
3Proto-Mandara *zɨrɨwɨ ʸ shame honte 3.1) Matal (Branger) ʒɪ̀rʉ̀wì shame honte 3.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) ʒɨ́rəwa,-ə 1 honte 3.2.1) Podoko (Swackhammer) ʒɨ́rəwa,-ə 2 respect 3.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) ʒéréwé autruche (f) - honte (f), respect (f) 3.4) Malgwa (Löhr) ʒirwe shame 3.5) Glavda (Nghagyiva) ʒìrwa shame (n) 3.5.1) Glavda (Owens) žir ostrich, shame, shyness
4Proto-Mofu *zɨrwɨ ʸ shame honte 4.1) Muyang (Smith) zirwi shame ; respect ; benefit honte, respect, bienfait 4.1.1) Muyang (Smith) zirwi honte, respect, bienfait
5Proto-Lamang *zɨru shame honte 5.1) Lamang (Wolff) zə́rù feeling of shame
6Proto-Musgum *sɨjar ʸ shame honte 6.1) Vulum (Tourneux) sijer honte
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