Tuwali Ifugao - English


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ka- -inn- mod. 1this circumfix encodes the modal concept of something that can be easily done; facility; describes the state or condition of something that facilitates an action or process. Kadinnaddag tun payung te nalakay nangatang ku. This umbrella is easily destroyed because I bought it for a low price. Kaginnabyon nan luta. That soil can be easily hoed. (sem. domains: 9.2.9.1 - Verb affixes.) 2encodes the modal concept of someone who has a tendency toward emotional or physical affects. Kabinnungot hi amana ten nabutong. His father tends to be angry when he is drunk. Kadinnoggoh inana. Her mother tends to be sickly.
ka-ka-iw (infl. of kaiw) comm. bush or small tree. Dakol di ka-ka-iw nah muyung. There are plenty of bushes in the forest. (sem. domains: 1.5.2 - Bush, shrub.)
ka-ok 1sta. to be asleep. Ume kamin e nangihid-ip ke hiya ya naka-ok. We went to see him and he was fast asleep. Naka-ok ka nin te uggem dingngol nan kalik. Maybe you had fallen asleep because you did not hear my voice. Mungka-ok ot ahik tayanan. He was almost asleep when I left him. ma‑/na‑. 6A Physiological Process-State. Sim: huyop, yongyong. (sem. domains: 5.7 - Sleep.) 2nom. bed; sleeping place. Nah dulung di ka-okan taku. We will sleep on the floor. ‑an.
ka-ut 1to dig. 1.1trans. to dig a hole. Ka-utan yu nah daul di mangga. Dig a hole below the mango tree. Mange kamid Lagawe ya pungka-utan da hanadan kanal an dalanon di liting. We were going to Lagawe and they were digging the canals for the water to pass. ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an, puN‑ ‑an. 5B Changing state of site by removal of something. (sem. domains: 7.8.6 - Dig.) 1.2trans. the activity or act of digging is in view. Mungka-ut da nadan tatagu hi balituk. The people are digging for gold. Kimma-ut dah uwang nah gawwan di dola da. They dug a hole in the middle of their yard. muN‑/nuN‑, ‑um‑/‑imm‑. 1.3pass. for something to be dug up or a hole to be dug. Naka-utan nan balituk ad Hungduwan handih mo tuwali ot ahi kayu umeh di. The gold at Hungduan had been dug up long before you went there. ma‑ ‑an/na‑ ‑an. 2trans. to dig a hole to bury an animal. Ingka-ut mi hanan ahum an nate. We buried your dog that died. i‑/iN‑.
kail trans. to ferment rice. Ikail muy tulun talub nah dayakkot. Ferment three gantas of the glutinous rice. Kailam nan buhin da apum. Ferment rice in the wine-jar of your grandfather. Mungkail ka ta ahi inumon nadan mun-ani. Ferment rice so that the harvesters will have something to drink. i‑/iN‑, ‑an/‑in‑ ‑an, muN‑/nuN‑. 3I Direct action toward object. (sem. domains: 5.2.3.6 - Beverage.)
kaina (sp. var. of kal-ina)
kainadi (sp. var. of kal-inadi) adv. suddenly, without warning.
kaingngo (der. of ingngo) trans. to resemble; to look the same. Kaing-ingon nan sweter mu nan sweter ku. Your sweater looks like mine. ka‑ ‑on. (sem. domains: 8.3.5.2 - Compare.)
kait trans. to dip out solid things from liquid. Kaitom nan ihda ta appilom nan danum na. You dip out the pieces and separate the broth. ‑on/‑in‑. 4C Convey/bring objects toward agent. (sem. domains: 7.3.2.7 - Take something out of something.)
kait-itayan (infl. of ittay) adj. to be the smallest in a comparison; superlative small. Nan babuy Juan di kait-itayan. John’s pig is the smallest. Size quantifier. (sem. domains: 8.2.1 - Small.)
kaittay (der. of ittay) refers to the time of life when one is young; childhood; youth. Handih kaittay ku ya dakol di istolyan di aammod ya nadan umalih bale. When I was small, the older folks and those who came to our house told many stories. (sem. domains: 8.4.1 - Period of time.)
kaiw 1comm. the generic word for tree. Muntanom kah kaiw ta waday ahim kaiwon. Plant trees so you’ll have something to get for firewood. Mihmihdi nah munhihilong ya nah kakaiw an dakol di hapang nan mahdol di tubuna. It stays in dark places or in trees with thick, leafy branches. (sem. domains: 1.5.1 - Tree.) 2comm. refers to wood which has been logged. Waday tendaan di bulwati, apatut, makan, kaiw ya gumok. There are stores for clothes, shoes, food, lumber and hardware. Damanan udman di hukbung na ta humdol ne gat-unam hi kaiw Then, put something slightly heavy like a piece of wood, (sem. domains: 6.2.5.4 - Plant product.) 3sta. to be wooded; refers to a forested area; may also refer to the western part of Kiangan, the Tinoc area. Imakaiw di aammod na. His parents are from the forested place. i‑ ma‑. (sem. domains: 1.2.1.6 - Forest, grassland, desert.) der. kaiwon der. mangaiw infl. ka-ka-iw
kaiwon (der. of kaiw) trans. to get firewood; to log trees, particularly for firewood. Em kaiwon nan akasya nah tap-on di habal. Go and log the acacia-tree above the swidden plot for firewood. Muntanom kah kaiw ta waday ahim kaiwon. Plant trees so you’ll have something to get/log for firewood. ‑on/‑in‑. 4C Convey/bring objects toward agent. (sem. domains: 7.4.3 - Get.)
Kaiyang comm. village of the god Wigan. Restrictions: Rituals. {ritual} (sem. domains: 8.5 - Location.)
kakao (sp. var. of kakaw)
kakaw (sp. var. kakao) comm. tree and/or fruit, jackfruit variety. [The sap is boiled and the resulting sticky substance is placed on sticks to catch ricebirds in the rice fields.] Pakappodhok di tamtam di kakaw. I like the taste of jackfruit very much. Pakappinhod di dakol nan kakaw. Many people love jackfruit. (sem. domains: 5.2.3.1.2 - Food from fruit.)
kakawwa comm. spider species. Dakol di kakawwa dih pikdol. There are many spiders in the corner. Dapaom ke nan balena ya mumbuttikan nan kumbale. (kakawwa) riddle Touch his house and the owner runs around. (spider) (sem. domains: 1.6.1.7 - Insect.)
kakb’og sta. a thudding sound as of something falling; muffled thud. Nag-a nan niyug ya nakakbog. The coconut fell with a muffled thud. ma‑/na‑. 6C Process or state of inanimate objects. (sem. domains: 2.3.2.3 - Types of sounds.)
kakkaw comm. tree, cocoa variety; red fruit with white pulp and green seeds. Maingit di kolor nan bungan di kakkaw. The color of the cocoa-bean is red. (sem. domains: 5.2 - Food.)
kakon-ana (sp. var. kon-ana) int. when; an interrogative pronoun used to ask about the time of an event or action. Kakon-anay pangialian dah bulwatik. When will they bring my clothes? Kakon-anat ahiyu nomnomon di ustu? When will you adequately think about it? Em hanhanan ten kakon-anay pangayan da ad Manila. Go ask him when they will go to Manila. (sem. domains: 8.4.3 - Indefinite time.)
kakulugana (der. of kulug) nom. the correct interpretation is; truthfully. Hay kakulugana ya naatuwak. Truthfully, I’m tired./The truth is, I’m tired. Hay kakulugana ya am-in tun matibom ya bagik. The truth is that everything you see is mine. Hay kakulugana ya maid di pumpiliyan da. Truthfully, they have no choice. (sem. domains: 3.5.1.3 - True.)
kala comm. thrush infection, in mouth; fungus disease especially found in infants. Ad-adiy pinnangan hin waday kala. There is no appetite when one has thrush. (sem. domains: 2.5.2 - Disease.)
kalabig 1comm. backstrap of the loom; the backstrap is placed around the weaver to hold the loom and thread taut. Maphod di kalabig mu. Your backstrap is very nice. Whole: ablan. (sem. domains: 6.6.1 - Working with cloth.) 2trans. to use a particular material as a loom backstrap. Pinhod kuy bolat di makawan ikalabig te maphod di inot na. I like the hide of the deer for a backstrap because it’s durable. i‑/iN‑.
kalabut 1comm. a building used to house those who have committed a crime; prison; jail. Wada nah kalabut hi tulang mu. Your brother is in jail. (sem. domains: 6.5.1 - Building.) 2trans. to imprison. Ikalabut daka hin mangako ka. They will imprison you if you steal. Nikalabut nan nunggulu. The one who caused trouble is imprisoned. i‑/iN‑, mi‑/ni‑. (sem. domains: 4.7.7.3 - Imprison.) Language Of Borrowing: Spanish: calabuso.
kalah-iwang (sp. var. kallah-iwang) v. to be bypassed by danger, i.e. kept safe; there is a simultaneity component which gives the meaning that two people or things were in the same place, at the same time. [This prayer is related to a traditional belief that snake and centipede bites are done by the spirits of deceased relatives.] Mikalah-iwang kamih buhul, umik di gayyaman ya ulog. We will be safe (bypasssed) from our enemies and bites of centipedes and snakes. (a traditional prayer) mi‑/ni‑. Sim: ballahiwe. (sem. domains: 7.2.1 - Manner of movement.)