sa v. to drink boire (18 groups, 48 languages) A
This is one of the most widely-attested roots in Central Chadic. It is found in all eighteen groups, and in almost all of the languages where there is data available. In the West Tera subgroup *s→z and in Kotoko Island *s→h. Both are regular changes.
1Proto-Bata *sa drink boire 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) sa drink 1.2) Jimi (Djibi) san Boire ; 1.3) Sharwa (Gravina) sa Boire
2Proto-Daba *sa drink boire 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) sɑ drink boire 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) sɑ drink boire 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) laj sa drink boire 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) sà boire
3Proto-Mafa *sɨ drink boire 3.1) Mafa (Ndokobai) sə drink boire 3.2) Cuvok (Gravina) sa drink boire
4Proto-Tera *za drink boire 4.1) Tera (Newman) za drink 4.2) Nyimatli (Harley) za drink
5Proto-Sukur *sɨ drink boire 5.1) Sukur (David) sə drink, to 5.2) Sukur (Thomas) sə drinking
6Proto-Hurza *sa drink boire 6.1) Mbuko (Gravina) sa to drink boire 6.2) Vame (Kinnaird) sáwā drink boire
7Proto-Margi *sa drink boire 7.1) Margi (Hoffman) sa to drink 7.2) Kilba (Schuh) sa/a drink 7.3) Bura (Blench) sa To drink
8Proto-Mandara *sa drink boire 8.1) Matal (Branger) masaj drink boire 8.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) sá 1 boire 8.2.1) Podoko (Swackhammer) sá 2 absorber 8.3) Malgwa (Löhr) ʃa drink
9Proto-Mofu *sa drink boire 9.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) sì drink boire une boisson 9.2) Mada (Nkoumou) meʃe boire 9.3) Moloko (Friesen) se drink boire 9.4) Zulgo (Haller) sa boire 9.5) Gemzek (Sabatai) mese drink boire 9.6) Merey (Gravina) sa boire 9.7) Dugwor (Jubumna) masaj drink boire 9.8) Mofu North (Barreteau) mésēj boire 9.9) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) s ́ boire, téter
10Proto-Maroua *si drink boire 10.1) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) si goɗ drink boire 10.2) Mbazla (Tourneux) ʃi boire 10.2.1) Mbazla (SILSurvey) sìíʼ drink boire
11Proto-Lamang *sa drink boire 11.1) Lamang (Wolff) sa drink 11.2) Hdi (Bramlett) saj drink, smoke boire, fumer
12Proto-Higi *sa drink boire 12.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) sá drink 12.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) sa drink 12.3) Kirya (Blench) sá drink 12.4) Bana (Lienhard) sá boire
13Proto-Kotoko Island *hi drink boire 13.1) Buduma (McKone) xiə drink boire 13.2) Buduma (McKone) xii boire.
14Proto-Kotoko North *se drink boire 14.1) Afade (Allison) se; saun; sel drink boire 14.2) Mpade (Allison) sè drink boire 14.3) Malgbe (Allison) jawun drink boire
15Proto-Kotoko Centre *sa drink boire 15.1) Lagwan (Allison) sawun drink boire 15.2) Mser (Allison) se drink boire
16Proto-Kotoko South *sja drink 16.1) Zina (Odden) sjà drink boire
17Proto-Musgum *si drink boire 17.1) Vulum (Tourneux) si boire 17.2) Mulwi (Tourneux) si boire 17.3) Mbara (Tourneux) sii drink
18Proto-Gidar *ɨsa drink boire 18.1) Gidar (Schuh) wusa boire 18.2) Gidar (Hungerford) əəsa boire
This is one of the most widely-attested roots in Central Chadic. It is found in all eighteen groups, and in almost all of the languages where there is data available. In the West Tera subgroup *s→z and in Kotoko Island *s→h. Both are regular changes.
1Proto-Bata *sa drink boire 1.1) Gude (Hoskinson) sa drink 1.2) Jimi (Djibi) san Boire ; 1.3) Sharwa (Gravina) sa Boire
2Proto-Daba *sa drink boire 2.1) Buwal (Viljoen) sɑ drink boire 2.2) Gavar (Viljoen) sɑ drink boire 2.3) Mbudum (Ndokobaï) laj sa drink boire 2.4) Daba (Lienhard) sà boire
3Proto-Mafa *sɨ drink boire 3.1) Mafa (Ndokobai) sə drink boire 3.2) Cuvok (Gravina) sa drink boire
4Proto-Tera *za drink boire 4.1) Tera (Newman) za drink 4.2) Nyimatli (Harley) za drink
5Proto-Sukur *sɨ drink boire 5.1) Sukur (David) sə drink, to 5.2) Sukur (Thomas) sə drinking
6Proto-Hurza *sa drink boire 6.1) Mbuko (Gravina) sa to drink boire 6.2) Vame (Kinnaird) sáwā drink boire
7Proto-Margi *sa drink boire 7.1) Margi (Hoffman) sa to drink 7.2) Kilba (Schuh) sa/a drink 7.3) Bura (Blench) sa To drink
8Proto-Mandara *sa drink boire 8.1) Matal (Branger) masaj drink boire 8.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) sá 1 boire 8.2.1) Podoko (Swackhammer) sá 2 absorber 8.3) Malgwa (Löhr) ʃa drink
9Proto-Mofu *sa drink boire 9.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) sì drink boire une boisson 9.2) Mada (Nkoumou) meʃe boire 9.3) Moloko (Friesen) se drink boire 9.4) Zulgo (Haller) sa boire 9.5) Gemzek (Sabatai) mese drink boire 9.6) Merey (Gravina) sa boire 9.7) Dugwor (Jubumna) masaj drink boire 9.8) Mofu North (Barreteau) mésēj boire 9.9) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) s ́ boire, téter
10Proto-Maroua *si drink boire 10.1) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) si goɗ drink boire 10.2) Mbazla (Tourneux) ʃi boire 10.2.1) Mbazla (SILSurvey) sìíʼ drink boire
11Proto-Lamang *sa drink boire 11.1) Lamang (Wolff) sa drink 11.2) Hdi (Bramlett) saj drink, smoke boire, fumer
12Proto-Higi *sa drink boire 12.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) sá drink 12.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) sa drink 12.3) Kirya (Blench) sá drink 12.4) Bana (Lienhard) sá boire
13Proto-Kotoko Island *hi drink boire 13.1) Buduma (McKone) xiə drink boire 13.2) Buduma (McKone) xii boire.
14Proto-Kotoko North *se drink boire 14.1) Afade (Allison) se; saun; sel drink boire 14.2) Mpade (Allison) sè drink boire 14.3) Malgbe (Allison) jawun drink boire
15Proto-Kotoko Centre *sa drink boire 15.1) Lagwan (Allison) sawun drink boire 15.2) Mser (Allison) se drink boire
16Proto-Kotoko South *sja drink 16.1) Zina (Odden) sjà drink boire
17Proto-Musgum *si drink boire 17.1) Vulum (Tourneux) si boire 17.2) Mulwi (Tourneux) si boire 17.3) Mbara (Tourneux) sii drink
18Proto-Gidar *ɨsa drink boire 18.1) Gidar (Schuh) wusa boire 18.2) Gidar (Hungerford) əəsa boire