=yacyaʔn1Agentive: indicates the cause or driving force behind an action; can be used with animals and inanimates that are seen to cause some changebaqʼo tʰin yaʔ yal qʰama núwa·dadusomething is chasing usyahmóʔ yaʔ ʔacaʔ múhtenʔthe panther pounced on the manʔahqʰa yaʔ miṭaʔ sihcʰúhcʰuwthe water is washing away the sand2Relative Nominalizer: the one who does the thing named in the preceding verb phrase; use in many names of professionstó· ṭʼo maʔál dicʼi·duwá·du yaʔthe one who told me about hermihyácʼkʰe yaʔthe one that is going to win3Respectful, or Honorific: indicates respect for the person named by the noun; used with in-laws and deceased personsšu·šunʔ yaʔ ʔima·ta qʼoʔdimy (deceased) aunt was a good womanObjective=yacolBenefactive=yacoʔkʰeLocative=yacoʔnaVocative=yacocomp.duyaʔtaw yacdreamerhelper or assistant, especially to a dreamer or traditional doctor; sings in the background while healing is in progresswitness, counselormace·yacguardmaya hca yacyou folks, your people, your kind of peopleʔama·qʼoyacfarmern.p.bihše duhkʰuya·du yacbutchercahno dacetiʔ yactape recordercuhma dúhkʰu·muʔ yacʰmaarmykawa·yu cumahci· yaccowboy, rider; horse breaker, rider of bucking horsesmatʼileʔya ʔelšiwa·du yacsalesperson, salesman, saleswoman; merchantmaʔa dutʼata·du yaccooknaṭa yya biditanʔqa· yacmidwifeqali bakʰe yacangel, Godweya qʼoʔdi yacHoly Spiritʔaca·c hadu· yacthe Devil, the "Other One", the Evil Oneʔahqʰatol duhkʰu·muʔ yacʰmanavyʔahqʰatol qamu·muʔ yacʰmanavyʔama ciqʰamʔ yacsurveyorʔama· yow ʔbakʰe yacdevil, Satanʔima·ta ʔelšiwa·du yacpimpder.cahno lowaʔ yacsubj.tiya·cLogophoric Agentive Nominative: he, she, it, they (coreferential with the higher subject)unspec. comp. formqawi ʔiy yacyounger (of several siblings)bahṭʰe ʔiy yacder.bahṭʰe ʔí· yaʔnolder, elder (of several siblings)hiyemʔ yacder.hiyémʔ yaʔnlord, ruler, one with authoritycahno dicʼma·yacn.p.cahno dícʼma·yaʔninterpretersʼaʔsʼa siqʰoliʔ yacn.p.sʼaʔsʼa síqʰoliʔ yaʔnvacuum cleanersynʔama· cisulqaʔliʔama hnatʰqa· yacn.p.ʔamá hnatʰqa· yaʔnsurveyorfr. var.ʔama ciqʰamʔ yacʰmaʔama· cʼoʔ yacn.p.ʔama· cʼóʔ yaʔnGod, the Creator=yacʰmaplur.yacʰman suffPlural for animate nouns, especially people