-ngkalocative, instrument or other case ending1at, in, into, on, under, byindicates location in which an event takes placeKarlaya-ya marnkurrpa watitjaku kapingka ngarala nyantulku.Three emus might go across and stand at the waterhole and drink.Nyangka watilu katingu nyurti warningu ngurrangka.And the man brought the rolled up kangaroo (on his head) and threw it down in camp.Wala-wala pilangka ngarala.The prostrate creeper grows on a spinifex plain.Nyinakati warta palangka.Sit down under that tree.Ngurra-rna palyarnu warungka ngarringu walykumunurringu.I made camp, slept by the fire and felt better.Ka-rna purtu kuli-kuliralpi pulpangka tjarrpangu.So I couldn’t think what to do and went into a cave.2withindicates being with another personWaarka-rna palyaranytja yurntalpa kutjarrangka.I was doing work with my two daughters.3on, in, during, atindicates timeWirrinytjangka.On Sunday.Mungangka.At night.Nyinngangka munga wirrmira ngarapayi.During winter the nights are long.4toindicates person spoken to, or shown somethingWati yirnangka watjarnu, ‘Waarlkatjunkunta.’He told the old man, ‘Frost will form on you.’5because ofindicates causeRurrkungka-ya purtu kuliranytja.They couldn’t hear because of the roar of the engine.6withindicates instrument, weapon or tool with which something is done, but does not occur with parts of the bodyWakuralpi pungku wayangka.She’ll raise her arm and hit her with a crowbar.Means the same as-ta-tja

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