laboxɮa³³po̠⁴⁴🔊NOM名词化(nominalizer); thing的/de/Ngua ake ca cirke hher dae, yel ngua zzor labox cirke bei a. 我们家里在了很多的人，所以我们做了很多吃的。There are a lot of people in our home, so we make a lot of food.Ni sulzzaggie ssi a mel, sul vaexr labox vae nia. 你去学校要买写字的东西。When you go to school, (you) need to buy things to write with./-ddu/ occurs in associative phrases, and associates a verb (phrase) with a noun or classifier. It is important to note that the function of the association is to describing an inherent quality of that noun. What kind of thing (living or otherwise) are we talking about? /qiaxrmeix cirddu yarper ar ddei/ 'a basin for washing the face'. This is in contrast to the particle /dae/ which also associates a verb (phrase) with nouns but is not describing a quality of that noun itself. /Ni veixr dae pia xiu/ 'the clothes you are wearing'. In constructions with a stative verb /nga/ 'be' or /zza/ 'exist', the /-ddu/ nominalizes the verb that precedes it. The /-ddu/ and the /labox/ have some overlap. The /-ddu/ attaches to a verb and nominalizes it to describe the inherent quality of that word, and the labox follows a verb to describe some kind of thing or item. So, for example, 'drink' can be /ddaddu/ drink NOM (something that is drinkable) or it can be /dda labox/ drink NOM (some thing or item that is a drink)--but the meaning comes out basically the same. A very common construction with the morpheme /-ddu/ is: verb + /-ddu/ + /(cirdoxr lei nr) zza/. /gexrddu cirdoxr lei nr zza/ 'not even a little bit of fear'. This pattern occurs with lots of different verbs. /ggie/ nominalizes dependent clauses. /Yar, ngo ddei ddar biar ggie mel, noni a./ 'S/he heard what I was saying.' /arddeir a/ nominalizes complete clauses or sentences. /Ngo mel Mixbbaex lei arddeir a./. 'I am one who comes from Mayou.' The /-ddu/ is an enclitic and is attached to form words of three syllables or less. Otherwise it is kept separate./ddu/ '的' 出现于联想习语，使一个动词(习语)，与一个名词或量词关联起来。重要的是注意联想意义的功能， 是在于描 述一个名词固有的, 内在的素质。我们是在描述什么呢(有生命的活物，或无生气的物质)? /qiarmeix cirddu yarper ar ddei/ '洗脸的盆子'。这与小品词 /dae/ 有所对比，/dae/ 使一个动词(习语)， 与一个名词关联起来， 但并不是在于描述那个 名词固有的, 内在的素质。/Ni veixr dae pia xiu/ '你穿着的衣服'。在有 /nga/ '是' 或 /zza/ '存在' 这两个状态动词的语气结构中，/ddu/ 使它前面那个动词转变为名词。/ddu/ 和 /labox/ 的功能有些重复。/ddu/ 与它前面那个动词相联而使其转变为名词， 并且描述这个名词固有的, 内在的素质。/labox/ 与它前面那个动词相联而使其转变为名词，而描述某样东西或项目。譬如说 /dda/ '喝' 有 /ddu/ 在后面成为 /ddaddu/ ‘喝 + 使名词化' (可以喝的饮料)。或者 /dda labox/ ‘喝 + 使名词化' (是饮料的某样东西)。这两种用法在此造成意思基本上相同的名词。/ddu/ 常有的结构是: 动词 + /ddu/ + /(cirdoxr lei nr) zza/. /gexrddu cirdoxr lei nr zza/ '一点都没什么可怕的'. 这个模式可以用于很多的动词。/ggie/ 使从属的子句名词化。/Yar, ngo ddei ddar biar ggie mel, noni a./ '他/她听到我说的。 /arddeir a/ 使一整个句子或子句名词化。Compare 另见=ddu=ggie=sudda laboxjir ddaexr laboxmex laboxlabox ɮa³³po̠⁴⁴

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