ngoŋo³³🔊1DISC话语(polite formula)(话语[客套话])(huàyǔ [kètào huà])Zalbbaer ddux nr ddo ngo; argaxl ssi pixl lei. 不要出去外面好吗；等会儿会走丢的。Don't go outside; or later (you) might get lost.Ni zalbbaer ddux a, zzizzi a ssi ngo! 你出去外面慢慢的走！When you go out, take care! (go slowly)There are five modal words that are used when giving an order, request or suggestion. Those words include /ssi/, /la/, /nia-/, /ssa/ and /ngo/. The /ssi/ and /la/ are both polite imperative particles. The /ssi/ 'go' involves someone physically moving from one place to another place to carry out the request. The word /nia-/ means 'need, should; must (do something)'; this word is never negated. The word /ssa/, which is always negated, means '(not) need (to do something)' and is used as the negative alternative to /nia-/. The word /ngo/ has been labeled as (polite formula and is used to make suggestions or recommendations. However, none of these forms need be considered harsh or demanding; the tone of voice and context would determine how politely someone is being asked to do something.当给‘命令’，‘要求’或‘建议’时，有五个“语气的；情态的”字可以用。包括：/ssi/, /la/, /nia/, /ssa/ 和 /ngo/. 对 /ssi/ 此字的分析是比较不确定的，需要多一些的探讨。/ssi/ 和 /la/ 都是用于比较礼貌性的祈使语气。目前所拥有的数据显示： /ssi/ 涉及让某人从一处移到另一处，来完成所给的命令。好比叫某人带一张抹布过来帮忙洗碗，那么就可以用 /ssi/。若求人帮忙功课上的问题，就用 /la/ 字。/nia/ 的意思是‘需要，应该，必须（做某事）’；此字从不用在否定式。/ssa/ 字总是用于否定式，意思是‘不需要（做某事）’；可以作为 /nia/ 的否定式的替换物。 /ngo/ 字被标记为客套话的公式，准则，常用于提出建议或推荐。然而，以上所说的字，没有一个是被认为是严厉的或苛刻的; 讲话者的语气或声调，可以看出提出请求的人，所具有的礼貌上的程度。2RHET Q反问式(/fǎnwèn shì/)Arbbor ama mel armael ddei aniux leil hie nr ddo a ngo?爸爸妈妈不能骂自己的孩子吗？A father and mother can't reprimand their own child?Capor mel dder zzo bei nr ddo a ngo?男人就不可以做饭吗？Men aren't allowed to cook?The words: /neil/, /ngo/, /leir/ /bbeixleir/, /holbbaexl, are words that mark rhetorical questions. The word /neil/ can be used to confirm information as in, /Eil ddei zzor cexr cexr neil?/ 'This can be eaten, can't it?'Or it can have a sense of rebuking as in, /Ni arsaenga a, eine bei neil?/ 'Why did you do this?" The word /ngo/ is used in the sense of telling someone that s/he is doing something wrong, as in: /Ni ngo leil hol-nr-cir a ngo?/ 'You don't remember me, do you? (You should remember me.) The word /leir/ commuicates irritation, as in: /Ni azo bei leir?/ What (in the world) are you doing? The /bbeixleir/ is similar to the /leir/; it communicates irritation: /Ni azo ar ddei meddu zza bbeixleir?/ 'What do you have to say for yourself?" /holbbaexl/ is the only one of these words that occurs at the beginning of the clause and simply marks a rhetorical question, as in: Holbbaexl, ngo bei cox a? 'Did I do what was wrong?' (No.)Compare 另见cexrddoholbbaexllaneilniassassivarxiengo ŋo³³

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