Yao'an Loxrlavu - English


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dol zaxr dae to⁵⁵ tsa̠ʔ²¹ tɛ³³ASP (perfective)体ahead of time; already好了/hǎo le/Ngo arggeni ddei zzor labox bei dol zaxr dae a. 我做好了明天吃的。I already prepared tomorrow's food.The "relative non-past aspect" refers to an event started or done relative to present or future time. Please see the article "Tense-Mood (TAM), Strat Grammar, M. Leaders, 5/22/2008, TAMM-Marlin Leaders.doc.这是"相对非过去体标记" (或是某些语言中的时态)。涉及相对于现在或将来的，一个过去开始的或完成的事件。请参看"时态-语气(TAM), Strat 文法", 马林里德著，5/22/2008, 该一论文。Compare 另见bei har zaxr daedol daedol harzaxrdol zaxr to⁵⁵ tsa̠ʔ²¹
dorto²¹🔊1v.动blame指/zhǐ/Aniux hal ddox nge a mel, ngo zzi nr nga. Ni ngo leil dor nr ssa! 那个孩子哭，不是我的错。你不要指着我！It is not my fault that child is crying. Don't you blame me!2point at指着/zhǐ zhe/Ngo yar leil dor dae a hie. 我指着他骂。I pointed at (and) scolded him/her.dor to²¹
doxto̠⁴⁴🔊v.动crouch; squat蹲/dūn/Barde nr cux dox dae a, qihher ddei dox sixl var. 不坐凳子蹲着，脚会蹲麻。If (someone) does not sit in a chair but squats, (his/her) feet will go numb.cix tsʰɿ⁴⁴
doxto̠⁴⁴🔊v.动lean on扶/fú/Camar hal ddei jjiumo ssi a, zzargger dox nia. 那老人走路需要扶拐棍。When that old person walks, s/he has to lean on a stick.dox to̠⁴⁴
doxto̠⁴⁴🔊v.动pour倒/dǎo/Ngua ggaxrne ca hal ddei ajjix dox zei lei a, ngua dax pe ci a. 我们上面的那个人倒水下来流到我们这了。When the person above us pours water down it splatters us.1. The word /beixl/ is to sprinkle; the word /her/ is a general term for putting water on something--it is used for watering plants for example; the word /dox/ is for pouring water--often but not always--into a container./beixl/ 意为‘洒’；/her/ 这个字是洒水在什么东西上面的一般用词--譬如：洒水在花草上。/dox/ 意为‘倒’。譬如：倒水在容器里。loan借词Compare 另见beixlherdox to̠⁴⁴
doxdoxsito̠⁴⁴do̠⁴⁴sɿ³³🔊adv.副instead; opposite; turn around; upside down反过来/fǎnguòlái/Camar hal ddei meixddur nr seir a, yar sul ber doxdoxsi i dae lei nr saexl. 那个老人眼睛不好，他的书反过来看了也不知道。That old person has bad eyes, s/he does not even know (s/he) is reading the book upside down.Yar ssi jixr ho a; nael yar zzaegu vei hol-nr-cir a, doxdoxsi jjixr lei a, vei jjixr lei. 他已经走了，但是忘记拿东西，就反回来拿。S/he left, but forgot to take his/her things, (so) instead turned around, coming back to get (the things).Compare 另见doxgoxleixrzilgor daedoxdoxse to̠⁴⁴do̠⁴⁴sə³³
doxgoxleixrto̠⁴⁴ko̠⁴⁴ɮe̠ʔ²¹🔊adv.副instead反倒/fǎndào/Yar ngo ddei zzaegu bei xiaxr gger a, halae doxgoxleixr ngo leil sirzzi. 他把我的东西弄坏了，还反倒生我的气。S/he broke my thing, and instead (of me being angry) s/he was angry.loan借词Compare 另见doxdoxsizilgor daedoxgoxleixr to̠⁴⁴ko̠⁴⁴ɮe̠ʔ²¹
dox hex to̠⁴⁴ xɯ̠⁴⁴v.动tip over; turn over; turn upside down倒翻/dào fān/Sulzzasu hal ddei mel, leixrhher ddei arleixr zzae a qie, almeixrxiaxr larggu dox hex si a.那个学生的手歪了一下,盛稀饭的盆子就倒翻了。When that student's hand tilted a little, the rice porridge basin was turned over.dox pixl to̠⁴⁴ pʰi̠⁶⁶
doxlto̠⁶⁶🔊v.动poison毒/dú;/Loxlmoxr leil bberzzi yarzi miur a, naxcir ardoxr ddaexr deix gger a mel, yaa leil doxl zil ddo. 粮食上有很多虫子的话，打上一点药，会把它们毒死。If the insects on the crops are too many, and a bit of insecticide is put on, they can be poisoned to death.doxl
doxlto̠⁶⁶🔊1v.动light a fire点/diǎn/Neixmar a mel adoxl nr doxl a, mia nr ddo. 天黑了不点火的话，就看不见。When it is dark if a fire isn't lighted, (one) can not see.2turn on a light开/kāi/Eilmerxixl sul igax a mel, de doxl dae nia. 晚上看书，要开着灯。When reading at night, it is necessary to turn on a light.The word /doxl/ 'light a fire' is to light a candle or to turn on a light or a flashlight--to have light to see by, but most of the time when turning on a light switch the word /ggapu/ 'turn on a light' is used. The word /zi/ 'light a fire' means to light a fire in general. The word /nol/ 'light' is used when lighting somethng small with a match or lighter, like a cigarette or a candle./doxl/ 点火，可以用于点燃一根蜡烛，开灯，或打开手电筒--有光可以照明。但是 开灯多半是用 /ggapu/ 这个字。/zi/ ‘烧’上指一般性的点火。/nol/ 点，是指用火柴或打火机点燃一个小东西，如香烟或蜡烛。Compare 另见zidoxl
doxlto̠⁶⁶🔊DISC话语(expresses a feeling of annoyance or frustration表示不高兴的或警告的语气）Ni doxl ngo leil tor nr hie ngo! 你倒是别骂我啊！Don't scold me!Ni cirni-cirni si dax zzihie, eine bei a doxl nr hoxr ngo. 你每天跟别人吵架，这样做到是不对的。Every day you argue with people, doing this is wrong.Compare 另见gieldoxl
doxlzito̠⁶⁶tsɿ³³🔊n.名burrow; cave; tunnel地洞/dìdòng/Doxlzi gga yarzi neixmar, bexbex lei zza. 地洞里很黑，也有蝙蝠。Caves are very dark inside; there are also bats.loan借词Compare 另见suddudoxlzi to̠⁶⁶tsɿ³³
doxr to̠ʔ²¹n.名bit点/diǎn/Niul halae piu ardoxr zza seir, piu doxr yar leil gger a, biex ssi. 我们还有一点银子，把这点银子给他去问他。We still have a (little) bit of silver, go ask if we should give him/her a bit of silver.Compare 另见ardoxrcirdoxrdixr ti̠ʔ²¹
doxrto̠ʔ²¹🔊ASP (noncessative)体(expresses that an action is done habitually or continually)一直/yīzhí/Yar cirni-cirni ake hher doxr dae, zalbbaer lei nr ddux. 她每天一直都在家，也不出去外面。Day after day s/he continually stayed in the house, (and) did not even come out.Ni yilzi a miar leil lar xiar doxr nr ddo. 你不能一直想着工作。You shouldn't continually just think about work.Yar ggese a, beixcixl-beixge beix doxr. 他高兴，跑来跑去地跑着。S/he was happy, and kept running here and there.1. The /doxr/ is often followed by the /dae/ (imperfective aspect)./doxr/ 经常有 /dae/ 跟着。This can be negated, i.e. /Yar yarbbor sael a, ngo leil visser nr doxr./ 'S/he did not continually serve me like his/her father did.'doxr to̠ʔ²¹
doxr a nga a to̠ʔ²¹ a³³ ŋa³³ a³³adv.副almost差一点/chà yīdiǎn/Sulmulsu hal ddei sirzzi a, aniux ddox leil hie a, nr deil doxr a nga a. 那个老师生气了，骂那个孩子，差一点就打了。The teacher was angry, (and) scolded the child, almost hitting (him/her).The verb this adverb is modifying is always negated.he dixr a nga a xɯ³³ ti̠ʔ²¹ a³³ ŋa³³ a³³
dozilto³³tsɿ⁵⁵🔊adv.副a lot; plenty多/duō/Aniux yelye mel almeixr dozil zzor a saelnei vaer var. 小孩子要多吃饭才能长大。Small children need to eat a lot if they are going to grow big.Ni bei le a, dozil arleixr wornol ddo. 你累了多休息一会。If you are tired, you should rest a lot.Ni yaxryol dozil ardoxr vae. 你多买一点土豆。Buy a lot of potatoes.This has the same function as /seirseil/ but /seirseil/ only occurs before a classifier; this occurs before a verb.与 /seirseil/ 有同样的功能，但 /seirseixl/ 只出现于量词之前；/dozil/ 出现于动词之前。Compare 另见hanolsaseirseildozixl to³³tsɿ̠⁶⁶
dutɤ³³🔊num.数thousand千/qiān/cirdu, nrdu, sodu, lidu, ngordu, qiuxldu, sirdu, heixldu, gedu, cirmeir 一千，两千，三千，四千，五千，六千，七千，八千，九千，一万one thousand, two thousand, three thousand, four thousand, five thousand, six thousand, seven thousand, eight thousand, nine thousand, ten thousanddu tɤ³³
dutɤ³³🔊v.动gore斗/dǒu/Niur hal nrnel zzidu dae, ni halmaex gger nr ddo, argaxl ni leil du dae lei! 那两个牛在斗牛，你不能过去那里，等会儿会斗着你！Those two bulls are fighting, don't go over there, after a while (they) might gore you!Compare 另见zziduzzidusudu tɤ³³
dutɤ³³🔊ASP (change of state)体(expresses that a new action is about to begin)了/le/Almeixr zzor du a!吃饭了！It is time to eat!Yar ake jjixr du a, yel zzaegu geso dae. 她要回家了，所以在收拾东西。S/he is about to return home so (s/he) is getting (his/her) things ready.Zeileixr ngor xiubbo goxr a mel, Gulsixl goxr du a. 在过五个月就要过节日了。After the next five months have passed, it will be time to celebrate the New Years holiday.du tɤ³³
dutɤ³³🔊CLF量(wall)堵/dǔ/Mi lei a, lu ar du dezei a, ggu xixl nia. 地震震倒了一堵墙，要修。When there was an earthquake, a wall fell down, (and) needs to be fixed again.dur tɤ²¹
duartʷa²¹🔊v.动block; obstruct; restrain挡/dǎn/Ajjix eil ddei pe vaer du lei a, ngo duar gex ssei nr xie a. 这水流的更大了，我阻挡不住了。When this water flooded up, I couldn't block it.1. The word /bbiur/ 'restrain, obstruct, block' is the Loxrlavu word for this but this Mandarin Chinese loan is also widely used. 彝语的 /bbiur/ 与汉语借词 /duar/ 同意。但此汉语借词被广泛的使用。Labialization occurring in words that are not borrowed from Mandarin Chinese is simply the result of a consonant plus /o/ combination, where the influence from the /o/ vowel—which is pronounced with rounded lips—causes the labialization. This diphthong /ʷo/ is in free variation with the /o/; there is no contrast. If some other vowel, other than /o/, follows a labialized consonant, the word is probably a Mandarin Chinese loan.唇发音出现在非源自汉语的字群中，是子音加上 /o/ 的结果。这是由元音字母 /o/ 所带来的影响 – 嘴唇做圆形状而发出的音 – 而产生的唇发音。双元音 /ʷo/ 是与 /o/ 自由变化；没有对比。如果有其他非 /o/ 的元音，跟在一个唇发音子音之后，这个字很可能是来自汉语的借词。For water the loanword /do/ 堵 is also used.Compare 另见bbiurddaexrcirjiullaxrqiuzax gexduar tʷa²¹
duaxtʷa̠⁴⁴🔊v.动decide; determine; judge判断/pànduàn/Yaa zzihie a, casersu mel arseir hoxr a duax teixl gger lei a leir? 他们吵架，法官断出来谁是对的呀？Did the judge decide who was right between those who were arguing?Labialization occurring in words that are not borrowed from Mandarin Chinese is simply the result of a consonant plus /o/ combination, where the influence from the /o/ vowel—which is pronounced with rounded lips—causes the labialization. This diphthong /ʷo/ is in free variation with the /o/; there is no contrast. If some other vowel, other than /o/, follows a labialized consonant, the word is probably a Mandarin Chinese loan. 唇发音出现在非源自汉语的字群中，是子音加上 /o/ 的结果。这是由元音字母 /o/ 所带来的影响 – 嘴唇做圆形状而发出的音 – 而产生的唇发音。双元音 /ʷo/ 是与 /o/ 自由变化；没有对比。如果有其他非 /o/ 的元音，跟在一个唇发音子音之后，这个字很可能是来自汉语的借词。duax tʷa̠⁴⁴
duixl dae tʷe̠⁶⁶ tɛ³³v.动facing; in front of对着/duì zhě/Ni laexsaer diexr a mel, laexsae su ddei dax duixl dae nia. 你钉口子，要对着口洞钉。When you put on a clasp, it has to be facing the hole.1. Labialization occurring in words that are not borrowed from Mandarin Chinese is simply the result of a consonant plus /o/ combination, where the influence from the /o/ vowel—which is pronounced with rounded lips—causes the labialization. This diphthong /ʷo/ is in free variation with the /o/; there is no contrast. If some other vowel, other than /o/, follows a labialized consonant, the word is probably a Mandarin Chinese loan. 唇发音出现在非源自汉语的字群中，是子音加上 /o/ 的结果。这是由元音字母 /o/ 所带来的影响 – 嘴唇做圆形状而发出的音 – 而产生的唇发音。双元音 /o/ 是与 /o/ 自由变化；没有对比。如果有其他非 /o/ 的元音，跟在一个唇发音子音之后，这个字很可能是来自汉语的借词。; It was reported that this word is not used in ZhangJia village.据说张家村那里不用此字。
duixl-nr-zuxl tʷe̠⁶⁶-n̩²¹-tsʮ̠⁶⁶v.动apologize对不住/duì bù zhù/Ngo ni leil deil no gger a, ni dax duixl-nr-zuxl a. 我把你打伤了对不住你了。When I hit and hurt you, I apologized.1. This is how a person apologizes to another personː "Ni dax duixl-nr-zuxlǃ". But it is more common to sayː "Ni dax yixrsixr nr zza.".这是一个人向另一个人道歉："Ni dax duixl-nr-zuxlǃ (对不起你ǃ)"。但更常说的是 "Ni dax yixsix nr zza (不好意思.)"。Labialization occurring in words that are not borrowed from Mandarin Chinese is simply the result of a consonant plus /o/ combination, where the influence from the /o/ vowel—which is pronounced with rounded lips—causes the labialization. This diphthong /ʷo/ is in free variation with the /o/; there is no contrast. If some other vowel, other than /o/, follows a labialized consonant, the word is probably a Mandarin Chinese loan. 唇发音出现在非源自汉语的字群中，是子音加上 /o/ 的结果。这是由元音字母 /o/ 所带来的影响 – 嘴唇做圆形状而发出的音 – 而产生的唇发音。双元音 /o/ 是与 /o/ 自由变化；没有对比。如果有其他非 /o/ 的元音，跟在一个唇发音子音之后，这个字很可能是来自汉语的借词。Compare 另见duixlzuxl-nr-ddoyixrsixr nr zzaduixl-nr-zixl tʷe̠⁶⁶-n̩²¹-tsɿ̠⁶⁶
duixlzi tʷe̠⁶⁶tsɿ³³n.名couplet; pair对联/duìlián/Guxlsixl goxr a mel, alddur leil duixlzi niaxl nia. 过春节要在门上贴对联。When celebrating the Spring Festival, the couplets are stuck on the door (frame--on either side of the door and over the door).Labialization occurring in words that are not borrowed from Mandarin Chinese is simply the result of a consonant plus /o/ combination, where the influence from the /o/ vowel—which is pronounced with rounded lips—causes the labialization. This diphthong /ʷo/ is in free variation with the /o/; there is no contrast. If some other vowel, other than /o/, follows a labialized consonant, the word is probably a Mandarin Chinese loan.唇发音出现在非源自汉语的字群中，是子音加上 /o/ 的结果。这是由元音字母 /o/ 所带来的影响 – 嘴唇做圆形状而发出的音 – 而产生的唇发音。双元音 /o/ 是与 /o/ 自由变化；没有对比。如果有其他非 /o/ 的元音，跟在一个唇发音子音之后，这个字很可能是来自汉语的借词。duixlzi tʷe̠⁶⁶tsɿ³³