ggiexrtaex gʲæ̠ʔ²¹tʰæ̠⁴⁴1adj.形old and worn; worn out旧/jiù/Yar ddei pia mel hormo koxl nei veixr ho a, pia ggiexrtaex loxr a. 他的衣服已经穿了好几年了，变成旧衣服了。S/he has worn those clothes for many years, (and they) have become very worn out.2low quality差/chà/Var ggiexrtaex mel yix leil zol, naxrcixlcixl mel nael, ca zzor. 烂掉的菜给鸡吃，好的呢给人吃。Low quality vegetables are fed to the chickens, the good quality ones are eaten by people.Veixr eil ddei yarzi ggiexrtaex. 这头猪太差了。This pig is poor quality.3bad lookingYar bir ni leil ggiexrtaex. 他长得比你差。S/he is not as good looking as you.Ca eil ddei ggiexrtaex nr sa. 这个人长得不太差。This person is not bad (looking).This can be used to refer to a person who is ugly, but it is very impolite and should not be used for people.可以用来形容一个丑陋的人，但这样的用法非常不礼貌，应该避免用在人的身上。Compare 另见naxrcixlggaxrtaex ga̠ʔ²¹tʰæ̠⁴⁴
Yao'an Loxrlavu - English
gg
ggo go³³nprop专有名dance; name of a dance芦声舞/lúshēngwǔ/Mixbbaex su ca mel cirmu bbeix a, ggo zex. 马游人娶媳妇跳芦声舞。The people of Mayou dance the "Ggo" at weddings.The word /tiuxl/ is the Mandarin Chinese loanword 跳 (tiào 'jump'). The word /val/ is only used with the /ggoval/ type of dance; it is not a generic word used for dancing, it is from a traditional story and is understood but not much used. Another word used by the community for 'dance' is /ggo/; /ggo zex/ means 'to dance the "ggo" 芦声舞 (lúshēngwǔ)' this is a common dance. The /qixrcaxrwul/ is the name of a dance from the town of /Qircar/ 前场 (Qiánchǎng). This is a common dance for the youth these days. The verb used for dancing the /qixrcaxrwul/ is the loanword /tiuxl/ 跳 'jump'./tiul/ 来自汉语的借词‘跳’。/val/ 这字只与 /ggoval/ 者在彝族人的舞一起用；而不是一般的舞， 来自一个传统的故事，而不常被使用。另一个在社群里的‘舞’字是用 /ggo/; /ggo zex/ 的意思是‘跳’/ggo/ 芦声舞 (lúshēngwǔ)' – 这是一个很普遍的舞。/qircarwul/ 是 /Qircar/ 前场 (Qiánchǎng) 地区所跳的舞。 这是目前年轻人很普遍的一种舞。跳 /qircarwul/ 所用的动词是 /tiul/ ‘跳’。Compare 另见qixrcaxrwultiuxlvalzexggo go³³
ggocar go³³tsʰa²¹n.名friend (male)朋友（男）/péngyǒu (nán)/Capor mel zzicarzzi leil "ggocar" ae cexr. 男人们可以互相叫 "ggocar"。Men can call one another "ggocar".This is friendship with men. It can also be used as a term of address. A woman or a man can call a friend who is a man "ggocar".朋友：男的朋友。也可以用于对人的称呼。男人女人都可以叫一个男的朋友“ggocar”。caxrddeixr tsʰa̠²¹de̠ʔ²¹
ggor go²¹n.名buckwheat荞/qiáo/Ggor mel gga ho a, aba bei cexr. 荞磨了以后可以做面包。After buckwheat has been ground, bread can be made.The raw, unprocessed buckwheat is called /ggor/. When it is processed and made into bread it is called /ggor kar/ 'bitter buckwheat'. This is not eaten much anymore now that they have what they consider to be better tasting food such as white rice and wheat. These days the buckwheat is fed to animals.未加工过的荞麦叫做 /ggor/。加工处理后做成面包的叫做 /ggor kar/‘苦荞’。如今彝族人不再吃苦荞， 而吃味道比较好的米或麦子。Compare 另见ggorddaexrjiax
ggor go²¹
ggorbaesaer go²¹pæ³³sæ²¹n.名calf小腿/xiǎo tuǐ/Zilbbor zei a, cizixlgex no var; dexbbor ddeix a, ggorbaesaer no var. 下坡膝盖会疼，上坡小腿会疼。Going downhill, the knees hurt; going uphill, the calves hurt.ggorbaesaer go²¹pæ³³sæ²¹ggermaelsaer gɯ²¹mæ⁵⁵sæ²¹
ggorddaexrjiaxgo²¹-dæ̠ʔ²¹tʃʲa̠⁴⁴🔊n.名tool for threshing buckwheat打荞的工具/dǎ qiáo de gōngjù/Halcar a, ggor ddaexr a mel, ggorddaexrjiax sser a ddaexr. 以前，打荞是用“ggorddaexrjiax”来打。In the past, when threshing buckwheat, the "ggorddaexrjiax" was used to thresh (the buckwheat).Compare 另见ddaexrggor
ggorddaexrjiax go²¹dæ̠ʔ²¹tʃʲa̠⁴⁴
ggorddeigo²¹de³³🔊v. (secondary)次动have space有空间/yǒu kōng jiān/Ngua ake hher ggorddei, ni ngua dax goxr dae ddo a. 我们的家里有空间你可以住在我家里。Our house has living space; you can live with us.Ca hal hhexr mel xi yarzi kuax, yaa dax seivi cirke zza lei, halae hher ggorddei. 那家人的房子很宽，虽然他们家有很多的客人，还有空间。That family has a very large house, though they have a lot of guests, there is still living space.Nia ake seivi hormoller xixl ggor. 你们家住得下几个客人？How many overnight guests does your house have room for?Yar ddei pia mel lixlba ddei gga ji ggor nr ddei a, yar dder ddoddo-nrddo zux ji gger. 他的衣服在包里装不下，他使劲的塞进去。There wasn't room in the bag for his/her clothes, so s/he forced it in by cramming it in.1. When asking someone if they have room, the /ggor-/ can be dropped. So it can beː /Nia dax xixl ddei ddei?/ or it can be /Nia dax xixl ggorddeiddei?/ (Is there room for [me] to spend the night with you?). The /goxr/ can also stand alone.Secondary verbs differ from main verbs in that they never occur at the head of the verb phrase--they follow the main verb. If the main verb is not stated, the secondary verb still comes second and the main verb is replaced by /bei/ 'do 做'. For example, /nge laexl/ (cry pretend) is 'pretend to cry'. But if it is just 'pretend' without stating what is being pretended, then it is /bei laexl/ (do pretend). Secondary verbs differ from auxiliaries in that, while there is a logical and sequential relationship between the main verb and the secondary verb, the secondary verb does not make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the main verb.次要动词与主要动词之分别是，次要动词从来不在动词子句之首，它们跟在主要动词之后。假如主要动词没有指明或出现，就用 /bei/ ‘做’来代表主要动词。譬如， /nge laexl/ （哭 装） 是 ‘装哭’。 假如只说 ‘装’而没有说装什么，就要说 /bei laexl/ (装做)。次要动词与助动词的不同是：次要动词与主要动词之间有逻辑上和顺序上的关系，助动词并不表明主要动词的时间， 方向，或情绪、语气。 “A Dictionary of Linguistics & Phonetics” edited by David Crystal (Fifth Edition) defines serial verb constructions as “...a type of construction for a sequence of verbs or verb phrases within a clause (or sequence of clauses) in which the syntactic relationship between the items is left unmarked. The verbs share a semantic argument, but there is no conjunction or inflection to mark co-ordination or subordination.”由 David Crystal 主编的“A Dictionary of Linguistics & Phonetics” “语言学和语音学字典”对“动词序列”下的定义是 … 在一个从句（或一系列的从句）中，一系列的动词或动词短语的结构里面，项目之间的语法没有标记。 这些动词都带着或分担着共同语义的参数，但其间没有连接词或词形变化来指出同等或附属地位。ggorddei ~ ggor ~ ddei.Compare 另见ddeiggorheixlddei xe̠⁶⁶de³³
ggugɤ³³🔊1v.动fix修/xiū/Eilni yar capor ddei sixggoxr ggu dae. 今天她丈夫在修犁。Today her husband is fixing (the) plow.2treat an illness医治/yīzhì/Eilcar a, yar no i su mel leil no ggu gger dae. 现在，他在给看病的人治病。Now s/he is treating the patients.Compare 另见ggukor ggerkorggu gɤ³³
ggucirmi gɤ³³tsʰɿ²¹mi³³n.名doorstep; outside the front door or gate门口/ménkǒu/Ngo gaxggor ssi niazzir a, ggucirmi ddux ci a qie, almer daxlgaxl lei a. 我想去玩，走到门口就下起了大雨。I wanted to go out and have a good time, (but) as I was going out the front door, it started to rain very hard.Ngua ggucirmi jjiumo ar zex zza. 我家门前有一条路。In front of our gate there is a road.This is a noun that means the spot in front of the door. It can be the door of the house or the gate of the courtyard. The word /gguqir/ is a post position that means 'in front' of some place.这个名词是指门口前面的一块地方。可以是房屋的大门或者院子的大门。/gguqir/ 这个字是一个后置词（跟在名词后面）， 其意思为在 … 的前面。Compare 另见ggugguqir
gguqirmi gɤ³³tʃʰi²¹mi³³
gguixrleix-boxleixgʷe̠ʔ²¹le̠⁴⁴-po̠⁴⁴le̠⁴⁴🔊idiom习语back and forth; over and over again反反复复/fǎn fǎn fù fù/Ca hal ddei zzibbaer dda yixr a, yel gguixrleix-boxleix ddar hal qir leil biar doxr. 那个人喝酒醉了，所以反反复复地一直讲那句话。That person got drunk, so (s/he) kept saying that sentence over and over again.ggoxrleix-boxleix gʷo̠ʔ²¹le̠⁴⁴-po̠⁴⁴le̠⁴⁴
ggukor gɤ³³kʰo²¹v.动cure; healYar no ddei ggukor a. 他的病治好了。His/her sickness was cured.Compare 另见ggukor ggerggukor
ggukor gger gɤ³³-kʰo²¹ gɯ²¹v.动cure; heal医治/yīzhì/Yar no a, no i ggie ssi a, no i su mel yar leil ggukor gger a. 他生病了，去医院，医生把他医治好了。S/he got sick, patients went to the hospital, (and) the doctor cured him/her./ggukor/ nust be followed by the benafactive /gger/./ggukor/ 后面必须有受益者 /gger/ 紧跟着。Compare 另见ggergguggukorkorno ggu ggerggukor hher gɤ³³-kʰo²¹ ɣɯ²¹
gguqir gɤ³³tʃʰi²¹POST POS后置词in front前面/qiánmiàn/Ngua alddur gguqir jjiumo ar zex zza. 我们门前面有一条路。There is a street in front of our door.Ngua zzomei-lelxi gguqir mel vixlux dae ggie ar ddei zza. 我们厨房前面，有一个种花的地方。In front of our kitchen, there is a place to plant flowers.Compare 另见gguggucirmigguqir gɤ³³tʃʰi²¹
ggur gɤ²¹1adv.副at that time; just then刚好/gānghǎo/Ngo yar ake ssi ci a qie, yar lei ggucirmi ddux lei ggur. 我刚走到他家，他刚好出来门口。When I went to his/her house, s/he was just coming out the front door.Mi lei halcar malmal, ngo mel mi gga hher dae ggur, yel ngo leil deil nr no. 地震那时候，我刚好在田里，所以我没有被打伤。Just when there was an earthquake, I was in the field at that time, so it didn't hurt me.2turn轮到/lún dào/Arni ngo miar bei a, eilni ni miar bei ssi ggur a. 昨天我干活了，今天轮到你去干活。Yesterday I worked, today it is your turn to work.ggur gɤ²¹
ggur gɤ²¹AUX (mood)助should; the right thing to do应该/yīngāi/Maermocir eil ddei leil mel yar ddei ssorddu mel ba ggur. 这个寡妇应该（有）她的侄子照顾她。This widow's nephews should take care of her.Yarbbor si ho a, yarbbor ddei cirza-hanga lei yar ddei ssor leil gger ggur. 他爸爸死了以后，他爸爸的一切都应该给他的儿子。After his father died, all his father's things should be passed on to his son.Yar vimir ggie ssi bbeixarnar a, yar mel niul cirssor ggur seir. 虽然他去远的地方，他应该算我们的亲戚。Though s/he went to a distant place, s/he should still be considered our relative.1. /yarbbor/ is the combination of /yar-/ and /arbbor/./yarbbor/ 是 /yar-/ 和 /arbbor/ 的组合词。An auxiliary (AUX) is defined as word which accompanies the main verb in a clause and helps to make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the verb.助动词的定义是：一个或几个字在子句或从句中，伴随着主要动词；可以帮助区分‘情绪，氛围’，‘时序，时机’或‘动词的方向’。Compare 另见niazoxrggur gɤ²¹
gguxgɤ̠⁴⁴🔊v.动help give birth接生/jiěshēng/Halcar a, aniux xiu a mel, armael ddei armael ggux lalnga, nael eilcar a mel, no i su mel ggux gger lei. 以前生孩子是自己捡，但是现在医生会帮助捡。In times past, when giving birth, (the women) just gave birth with their own effort; but now it is possible for a doctor to help (them give birth).Add the benafactive (BEN) /gger/ for this sense if someone is helping someone else. If not the /gger/ is left off.加上 受益格 (BEN) /gger/ 就有一人帮助他人的概念。不然，/gger/ 可以略去。ggox go̠⁴⁴
gguxgɤ̠⁴⁴🔊v.动collect; find something by chance; gather; pick something up捡/jiǎn/Zzaegu eil ddei mel ggux si lei, vae si lei nr nga. 这个东西是捡来的，不是买来的。This thing was found, it wasn't bought.Ni ddei zzuxci pixl a; nialngasael ggux du la. 你的钥匙掉了，赶快捡起来。You dropped your key, quickly pick it up.Compare 另见gguxdeilsezoggox go̠⁴⁴
Yao’an Loxrlavu Dictionary © 2018 SIL International®
