Yao'an Loxrlavu - English
dd
ddox do̠⁴⁴CLF量(often for children but not always)个（多半是指孩子）/gè/Ni ddei aniux ddox yarzi gayo. 你的孩子很乖。Your child is very well behaved.Yar aniux ddox no kor a, yar nixmox ddei lei zzaso. 她孩子病好了，她的心也平安。(When) his/her child got better, his/her heart was also at peace.This measure word is used for children for the most part, but it can be used for adults with a positive connotation.这个量词多半用于孩童，也可以在附有正面内涵的情形下用在成人身上。Compare 另见ddeiteddoxr do̠ʔ²¹
=ddudɤ³³🔊1ASSOC联想意义(associative)的/de/Ngo qiaxrmeix cirddu yaxrpexr ar ddei vae ssi nia. 我要去买一个洗脸用的盆。I am going to buy a face-washing basin.Almeixr zeixlddu allur ar taex vae ssi nia. 要去买一个煮反用的锅。It is necessary to buy a rice-boiling pot.2NOM名词化(nominalizer)的/de/Zilmo mel, mi giexlddu a. 锄头是用来挖地的。The hoe is a ground digging (thing).Ni niama leil yarzi perniar, bbeixddu lei nr zza. 你很关心你妈妈没有说的。That you love your mother very much, goes without saying.Ni ake jjixr a, niabbor niama leil zzaegu vae gger ddu nr zza. 你回家，没有为你爸爸妈妈买东西的。When you return home, (you) won't have any purchased-items for your father (and) mother.Ni miar bei nr hoxr nr bei a mel, zzasolddu nr zza mar! 你没有做不对的事，没有可难过的嘛！If you do not make mistakes in your work, (you) won't have any difficulty!Mur piulpiu ddei mel zzaerddu; mur neixlneix ddei nael, zzaegu jix ddu a. 白色的马是骑的；黑色的马士驼东西的。The white horse is for riding; the black horse is for carrying things.1. The /ddu/ is an enclitic. It is attached to the words that precede it to form words with three syllables or less: otherwise it stands alone--unattached to the construction it follows./-ddu/ 的 occurs in associative phrases, and associates a verb (phrase) with a noun or classifier. It is important to note that the function of the association is to describing an inherent quality of that noun. What kind of thing (living or otherwise) are we talking about? /qiaxrmeix cirddu yarper ar ddei/ 'a basin for washing the face'. This is in contrast to the particle /dae/ which also associates a verb (phrase) with nouns but is not describing a quality of that noun itself. /Ni veixr dae pia xiu/ 'the clothes you are wearing'. In constructions with a stative verb /nga/ 'be 是' or /zza/ 'exist 在', the /-ddu/ nominalizes the verb that precedes it. The /-ddu/ and the /labox/ have some overlap. The /-ddu/ follows a verb and nominalizes it to describe the inherent quality of that word, and the labox follows a verb to describe some kind of thing or item. So, for example, 'drink' can be /ddaddu/ drink NOM (something that is drinkable) or it can be /dda labox/ drink NOM (some thing or item that is a drink)--but the meaning comes out basically the same. A very common construction with the morpheme /-ddu/ is: verb + /-ddu/ + /cirdoxr lei nr zza/. /gexrddu cirdoxr lei nr zza/ 'not even a little bit of fear'. This pattern occurs with lots of different verbs. /ggie/ nominalizes dependent clauses. /Yar, ngo ddei ddar biar ggie mel, noni a./ 'S/he heard what I was saying.' /arddeir a/ nominalizes complete clauses or sentences. /Ngo mel Mixbbaex lei arddeir a./. 'I am one who comes from Mayou.' /-ddu/ '的' 出现于联想习语，使一个动词(习语)，与一个名词或量词关联起来。重要的是注意联想意义的功能， 是在于描 述一个名词固有的, 内在的素质。我们是在描述什么呢(有生命的活物，或无生气的物质)? /qiarmeix cir ddu yarper ar ddei/ '洗脸的盆子'。这与小品词 /dae/ 有所对比，/dae/ 使一个动词(习语)， 与一个名词关联起来， 但并不是在于描述那个 名词固有的, 内在的素质。/Ni veixr dae pia xiu/ '你穿着的衣服'。在有 /nga/ '是' 或 /zza/ '存在' 这两个状态动词的语气结构中，/-ddu/ 使它前面那个动词转变为名词。/-ddu/ 和 /labox/ 的功能有些重复。/-ddu/ 与它前面那个动词相联而使其转变为名词， 并且描述这个名词固有的, 内在的素质。/labox/ 与它前面那个动词相联而使其转变为名词，而描述某样东西或项目。譬如说 /dda/ '喝' 有 /ddu/ 在后面成为 /ddaddu/ ‘喝 + 使名词化' (可以喝的饮料)。或者 /dda labox/ ‘喝 + 使名词化' (是饮料的某样东西)。这两种用法在此造成意思基本上相同的名词。/ddu/ 常有的结构是: 动词 + /-ddu/ + /(cirdoxr lei nr) zza/. /gexrddu cirdoxr lei nr zza/ '一点都没什么可怕的'. 这个模式可以用于很多的动词。/ggie/ 使从属的子句名词化。/Yar, ngo ddei ddar biar ggie mel, noni a./ '他/她听到我说的。 /arddeir a/ 使一整个句子或子句名词化。/Ngo mel Mixbbaex lei arddeir a./ '我是从马游来的。'The term "associative phrase" comes from the book "Mandarin Chinese, A Functional Reference Grammar" by Charles N. Li and Sandra A., pp. 113-116, Thompson. University of California Press, 1981.'联想习语' 这个词语出自 查尔斯 N. Li 与 桑德拉 A. 所著的“普通话中文，功能参考文法”一书, 113-116 页，汤普森。加州大学出版社, 1981.Compare 另见=ggie=mo=suarddeir acixdducuddudaeddeilaboxsexbex paexdduzzaexr ddulabox ɮa³³po̠⁴⁴
dduxdɤ̠⁴⁴🔊1v.动come out; depart; exit; go out 出/chū/Arni ngo yar leil mia a, yar nia ake ddux lei. 昨天我看见他，他从你家出来。Yesterday I saw him/her, s/he was coming out of your house.As with the verb /ddir/ 'enter', this verb /ddux/ 'exit' is never followed by /ssi/; it is only followed by /lei/ (or by neither)./ddir/ ‘进’ 与 /ddux/ '出' 这个动词一样，/ddir/ ‘enter 进’随后绝对不会有 /ssi/ 跟着; 只会有 /lei/ 跟着（或两者皆无）。2bleed出血/chū xié/Yar leixrhher ddei leil altor caer dae a, sirnilni ddux lei a. 他的手被刀子割到了，出血了。S/he cut his/her hand with a knife, (and) it bled (blood came out).3drop off; fall off掉了/diào le/Yar caezi kae dae car a, ssi dae ssi dae a qie, luixrzi ar taex ddux si a. 他开车的时候，走着走着，轮子就掉了一个。When s/he was driving a car, while going, a wheel fell off.4shed tears流眼泪/liú yǎnlèi/Capor hal ddei meixbbix ddux nr seix, nael eilni yar cix zildu a meixbbix ddux a. 那个男人从来都不流眼泪，但是今天他伤心极了流了眼泪。That man has never shed a tear, but today he was extremely upset and sheds tear(s).5pay; put out money出钱/chū qián/Zzaegu vae a mel, zzirbae ddux nia. 买东西要出钱。When buying things, (you) have to put out (some) money.6sun comes out出太阳/chū tàiyáng/Eilni almer lei bbeixsael meni ddux nr saexl, arsaenga a lei ngo yar dax ssi nia. 今天不知道下雨还是出太阳，怎么样我都要去他那儿。Today it may rain or the sun may come out, no matter what I will go to him/her.ddox do̠⁴⁴
Yao’an Loxrlavu Dictionary © 2018 SIL International®
