nianʲa³³🔊1AUX (timing)助going to; will要/yào/Ngo, mur eil ddei arddol ssi ci a, arddol sil zzor a mel, arddol nor nia. 这匹马走哪里，在哪里吃草，我就要哪里停下。(I) said, "Wherever this horse goes to, wherever it (stops) to eat grass, that is where (I) will stop."This example sentence comes from a traditional story.2AUX (mood)助must; need to; should需要/xūyào/Almeixr nr zza a; ni eilni vae ssi nia a. 没有米了，你今天需要去买米。There isn't any rice, today you need to go buy (some).1. There are five modal words that are used when giving an order, request or suggestion. Those words include /ssi/, /la/, /nia/, /ssa/ and /ngo/. The /ssi/ and /la/ are both polite imperative particles. The /ssi/ 'go' involves someone physically moving from one place to another place to carry out the request. The word /nia/ means 'need, should; must (do something)'; this word is never negated. The word /ssa/, which is always negated, means '(not) need (to do something)' and is used as the negative alternative to /nia/. The word /ngo/ has been labeled as (polite formula) and is used to make suggestions or recommendations. However, none of these forms need be considered harsh or demanding; the tone of voice and context would determine how politely someone is being asked to do something. 当给‘命令’，‘要求’或‘建议’时，有五个“语气的；情态的”字可以用。包括：/ssi/, /la/, /nia/, /ssa/ 和 /ngo/. 对 /ssi/ 此字的分析是比较不确定的，需要多一些的探讨。/ssi/ 和 /la/ 都是用于比较礼貌性的祈使语气。目前所拥有的数据显示： /ssi/ 涉及让某人从一处移到另一处，来完成所给的命令。好比叫某人带一张抹布过来帮忙洗碗，那么就可以用 /ssi/。若求人帮忙功课上的问题，就用 /la/ 字。/nia/ 的意思是‘需要，应该，必须（做某事）’；此字从不用在否定式。/ssa/ 字总是用于否定式，意思是‘不需要（做某事）’；可以作为 /nia/ 的否定式的替换物。 /ngo/ 字被标记为客套话的公式，准则，常用于提出建议或推荐。然而，以上所说的字，没有一个是被认为是严厉的或苛刻的; 讲话者的语气或声调，可以看出提出请求的人，所具有的礼貌上的程度。An auxiliary (AUX) is defined as word which accompanies the main verb in a clause and helps to make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the verb.助动词的定义是：一个或几个字在子句或从句中，伴随着主要动词；可以帮助区分‘情绪，氛围’，‘时序，时机’或‘动词的方向’。Compare 另见cexrddoggurlaniazzirngossavarxiezoxrnia nʲa³³
Yao'an Loxrlavu - English
n
nia-nʲa³³🔊pron.代pfxyour 2SG/2PL (followed by a kinship term)你(们)的/nǐ(men) de/Niama ngo leil nia leil bbeix gger lol, eilni yar nr jjixr lei a. 你(们的)妈妈叫我告诉你们，今天她不回来了。Your mom told me to tell you (that), today she will not return.The following is a brief summary of the what happens when pronouns or nouns are associated with kinship or other nounsː (a) The plural pronouns don't change at all when associated with kinship nouns. The only variation is that the word /ddei/ is optional when the kinship noun is referring to a person younger than the head pronoun. For exampleː for 1PL with older siblings it isː /ngua ddei ago/ 'our older.brother'; with younger siblings it isː /ngua (ddei) nimar/ 'our younger.brother' (the same thing is true for the inclusive form /niul/). For 2PL. with older siblings it isː /nia ddei ago/ 'yourPL older.brother'; with younger siblings it isː /nia (ddei) nimar/ 'yourPL younger.brother'. For 3PL with older siblings it isː /yaa ddei ago/ 'their older.brother'; with younger siblings it isː /yaa (ddei) nimar/ 'their younger.brother'. (b) The singular pronouns have some changes when associated with kinship nouns. For exampleː the 1SG with older siblings changes from /ngo/ to /nga-/ as in /ngabbor/ 'my father'. (Note that even though the word for father is /arbbor/, the /nga-/ maintains the mid tone). With younger siblings there is no changeː /ngo (ddei) nimar/ 'my younger.brother'. The 2SG with older siblings changes from /ni/ to /nia-/ as in /niabbor/ 'your father' (Again note that even though the word for father is /arbbor/ the /nia-/ maintains the mid tone.) but with younger siblings there is no changeː /ni (ddei) nimar/ 'yourSG younger.brother' The 3SG does not change with either older or younger sibling; it stays /yar-/ː /yar (ddei) nimar/ 'his/her younger.brother'; /yargo/ 'his/her older brother'. (c) The pronouns that change form all end with the vowel /a/. When the pronoun is placed in front of a kinship term—which also begins with /a/—one of the /a/ syllables is deleted, or the two /a/ vowels merge into one. So 'my older brother' is /ngago/; yourSG older brother is /niago/; and his/her older brother is /yargo/. (d). If a noun is associated with a kinship term, the 3SG pronoun is used when the kinship term is referring to someone who is older than the head noun. For example: 'that leader's mother' /vaervaerpor hal ddei yar ma/ (leader that CLF 1SG mother). With younger siblings the pronoun is replaced by an option /ddei/: 'that leader's son' /vaervaerpor hal ddei (ddei) ssor/ (leader that CLF ASSOC son. If the subject is plural, the plural pronoun /yaa/ is not used; the relationship is exprssed by using nouns and associating those nouns to the second kinship term with the singular /yar/. So again, with older siblingsː 'those leaders' mothers' /vaervaerpor halmel yar ma/ (leader those/that PL 1SG mother). With younger siblings the /ddei/ is optionally used: 'those leaders' sons' /vaervaerpor halmel (ddei) ssor/ (leader those/that PL ASSOC son). (e) Finally, the word /ddei/ associates two non-kinship nouns or noun phrases. Example: /Xie hal zzir ddei yirggie yarzi miur./ 'The bedrooms of that house are very many' (house that CLF ASSOC bedroom very many). The second sense of the word /ddei/ in an associative phrases is to expresses possession. For example: /Ngo ddei zzaegu ni ker si nr ddo./ 'You may not steal my things.' (1SG GEN thing you steal away not allowed).Compare 另见niniulnga-ngonguayaayarnia- nʲa³³
nia ddei nianʲa³³ de³³ nʲa³³🔊pron. (INTENSIVE)强调代you yourselves你们自己/nǐmén zìjǐ/Nia zzael si leil eine bei nia bbeix, nia ddei nia zzael nr bei, nia mel dder ca jiar a cirmel a! 你们呢对别人说要这样做，你们自己却不做，你们就是一些假人（欺骗别人的人）。If you tell others they should do something a certain way, (and) you yourselves don't do it, you are a bunch of hypocrites!nia ddei nia nʲa³³ de³³ nʲa³³
nialngasaelnʲa⁵⁵ŋa³³-sæ⁵⁵🔊adv.副quickly快/kuài/Niul nialngasael bei a, eilni bei teixl lol nia. 我们快一点做，今天要把做完。We need to do (it) very quickly, then (we) will get it finished today.Halbbaer almer lei a; niul nialngasael jjixr nia a. 那边下雨了，我们要赶快回去了。It is raining there, we need to quickly go back!/nialngasael/ can be shortened to /nialnga/ or /nialsael/ in oral speech. The /niaxl/ never stands alone. The /nialnga/ is 'quickly' but not as quick as the ones that end in /-sael/ 'very'(强调的话 [很]).Compare 另见ggerggelggerjiursaelggerggersil gɯ²¹gɯ²¹sɿ⁵⁵
niarnʲa²¹🔊1v.动attached连/lián/Yar pia xiux leil vixlux hal pex mel naexr gex nr nga, niar dae a pex a. 他衣服上的那朵花不是缝上去的，是连着的。The flowers on his/her clothes are not sewn on, they are stuck on by attaching (them with a pin or something).2be on the surface粘/zhān/Sul hal ber leil nilme cirke niar dae. Ni arleixr six pixl ssi. 那本书上有很多的灰，你去扫掉一下。There is a lot of dust on that book. Wipe it off a bit.3bear fruit结/jiē/Sixzzei hal zzei vixlux veixsixl ho a, saer niar teixl lei a. 那棵树的花开败了，结出了果实。That tree has finished flowering, (and) is bearing fruit.It is possible to say /saer niar teixl lei/ "bear fruit', but it is not correct to say */aniux niar teixl lei/ 'bear a child'*.4connected; have some body part长/zhǎng/Ca cirddei-hanga lei meir niar . 每一个人都长嘴。Every person has a mouth.Leixrhher ddei mel ggecir ddei leil niar gex dae. 手连在身体上。The hand is connected to the body.Note: This applies to more than just a body. This word would also be used if a plug was attached to a wire.Compare 另见aniuxniarggecirniarniaxlniar nʲa²¹
niarnialniarnʲa²¹nʲa⁵⁵nʲa²¹🔊adv.副eat quickly; ravenously吃得很快/chī dé hěn kuài/Aniux hal ddox hor meixr zildu a, yar niarnialniar zzor doxr dae a. 那个小孩太想吃肉，吃得很快。That child is extremely hungry for meat, (so) s/he ate (it) quickly.1. This word can also mean the movement of the mouth when eating something delicious.niarnialniar ~ niarniar.Compare 另见niarniarniarnialniar nʲa²¹nʲa⁵⁵nʲa²¹
niarniarnʲa²¹nʲa²¹🔊adv.副eat quickly; ravenously吃得很快/chī dé hěn kuài/Compare 另见niarnialniarniarniar nʲa²¹nʲa²¹
niaxnʲa̠⁴⁴🔊v.动compress; pinch; squeeze; squish夹/jiā/Yar leixrhher ddei leil alddur niax dae a. 他的手被门夹了。His/her hand is pinched in the door.Ni ddei zzaegu ddei sul ber gga niax ji dae. 你的东西夹在书里。Your thing is compressed in the (closed) book.This is also used for a man and woman making love or a person coming close to God.niax nʲa̠⁴⁴niax gex nʲa̠⁴⁴ kɯ̠⁴⁴
niaxiarnʲa³³-ʃʲa²¹🔊AUX (timing)助about to; going to; will快要/kuài yào/Merlabbor ddei leil i dae a, neixmarmarmo; almer lei niaxiar dae a. 看天空黑黑的，快要下雨了。Looking at the sky, it is very dark; it is about to rain.Ca hal ddei yarzi meixneixl, ngo ddei zzaegu maelmaerjjia li niaxiar. 那个人很贪心，想要我全部的东西。That person is very greedy, s/he will want to have all my things.1. This is the same as /niazzir/ but the word /xiar/ is probably a Mandarin laonword 'think 想'. An auxiliary (AUX) is defined as word which accompanies the main verb in a clause and helps to make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the verb.助动词的定义是：一个或几个字在子句或从句中，伴随着主要动词；可以帮助区分‘情绪，氛围’，‘时序，时机’或‘动词的方向’。Compare 另见jiurniazzirniaxiar nʲa³³-ʃʲa²¹
niaxlmecirnʲa̠⁶⁶mɯ³³tsʰɿ²¹🔊n.名spider蜘蛛/zhīzhū/Niaxlmecir mel lei bberzzi ar yoxr a; nael kebal bberzzi mel le-nr-sel, yaa qihher leixrhher heixl bbor zza. 蜘蛛也是一种虫子，但是不像别的虫子，它们手脚有八只。Spiders are also a kind of bug, but are not like other bugs, they have eight (front and back) legs.niaxlmeqi nʲa̠⁶⁶mɯ³³tʃʰi³³
niaxrnʲa̠ʔ²¹🔊adj.形glutinous; sticky粘/nián/Almeixrniaxr mel yarzi niaxr. 糯米很粘。Glutinous rice is very sticky.Hax mel ceiniaxr yarzi zzor meixr, yel yaa zoxlzoxl a ker lel ssi. 老鼠很喜欢糯米，所以他们经常去偷吃。Rats love to eat glutinous rice and they oqften steal and eat it.Viniaxr mel bir vi leil niaxr. 小糯米比小米粘。Glutinous millet is stickier than milletCompare 另见ceiniaxrniaxr nʲa̠ʔ²¹
niaxrcalnʲa̠ʔ²¹tsʰa⁵⁵🔊n.名pitchfork木叉/mù chā/Niaxrcal mel mel so ddaexr teixl ho a, so bexl qia labox. 木叉是麦子打好了以后用来铲麦杆的。Pitchforks are things that (are used) to shovel the stems and leafy portions of the wheat after the wheat has been threshed.It was reported that this word is not used in the village of ZhangJia.据说张家村那里不用此字。
niazzirnʲa³³dzɿ²¹🔊AUX (timing)助about to; going to; want to; will就要/jiù yào/Almer er a mel dder almer lei niazzir dae a. 打雷就要下雨了。When there is thunder it is going to rain.Armei almer lei vaer zildu a, ajjix ddei lei xi ddei leil lei mil gex du lei niazzir dae a. 昨晚雨下的很大，水快要把房子淹没了。Last night it rained very hard, the water is also about to cover over the house.Zzaexpor hal te ngo ddei zzirbae ker niazzir. 那个小偷想要偷我的钱。That thief wants to steal my money.Yar miar hal ddei bei niazzir. 他想要做那个事情。S/he wants to do that task.An auxiliary (AUX) is defined as word which accompanies the main verb in a clause and helps to make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the verb.助动词的定义是：一个或几个字在子句或从句中，伴随着主要动词；可以帮助区分‘情绪，氛围’，‘时序，时机’或‘动词的方向’。Compare 另见ddojiurjiurnianiaxiarvazzirniajjir nʲa³³dʒi²¹
nibaexni³³pæ̠⁴⁴🔊1color颜色blue蓝/lán/Eilni almer yarzi zae seir a, merlabbor ddei yarzi nibaex. 今天天气很好，天空也很蓝。Today the weather is very nice, the sky is very blue.2green绿/lù̈/Almer lei ho a ngaseir a, silbbar mel yarzi nibaex. 刚刚下过雨草很绿。Just after it rains, the grass is very green.This word is used for both green and blue, but these days, the Chinese Mandarin loanword /laxr/ is often used for blue.Compare 另见laxrnibaexbaexvarnizeixlnyxbaexbaex ny̠⁴⁴pæ̠⁴⁴pæ̠⁴⁴
nibaexbaex ni³³pæ̠⁴⁴pæ̠⁴⁴1color颜色blue绿色/lán sè/Almer zae seir a mel, merlabbor ddei lei nibaexbaexmo. 天气好了，天空都是蓝色的。When the weather is nice, the sky is blue.2green绿色/lǜ sè/Guxlsixl goxr ho a mel, sixzzei mel lei nibaexbaex arla loxr a. 过年以后，树都成了绿色的。After the Spring Festival, (the) trees all become green.Compare 另见nibaexnyxbaexbaex ny̟⁴⁴pæ̠⁴⁴pæ̠⁴⁴
ni ddei nini³³ de³³ ni³³🔊pron. (INTENSIVE)强调代you yourself你自己/nǐ zìjǐ/Yarbbor bbeix, "Ni si dax zzirbae ca dae mel, ni ddei ni koxl gger; ngo yaa leil koxl gger ddu zzirbae nr zza a." 他爸爸说：“你欠人的债自己还，我没有钱为你们还债。”His/her father said, the money you owe others, you yourself give it back; I don't have the money to give back to them./yarbbor/ is the combination of /yar-/ and /arbbor/./yarbbor/ 是 /yar-/ 和 /arbbor/ 的组合词。ni ddei ni ni³³ de³³ ni³³
niddoxrni³³do̠ʔ²¹🔊color颜色crimson深红色/shēnhóngsè/Capor mel niddoxr zzaegu mel li-nr-zoxr. 男人不喜欢深红色的东西。Men don't like crimson things.1. The /-ddoxr/ is only used in this context--with the color red. It isn't used to indicate that any other color is darker than normal. /niddoxr/ is darker red than /nihelhel/.Compare 另见ninihelhelnipiexrnisirsirniddoxr ni³³do̠ʔ²¹
nihelhelni³³xɯ⁵⁵xɯ⁵⁵🔊color颜色dark red红红/hónghóng/Ajiaxlaxsaer mel mi a mel, nihelhel loxr var. 红果熟了，会成为红红的。The "ajiaxlaxsaer" fruit when it is ripe, will become dark red./nihelhel/ is not as dark a red as the /niddoxr/. /nihelhel/ and /nisirsir/ are the same.Compare 另见niniddoxrnipiexrnisirsirnihexlhexl ni³³xɯ̠⁶⁶xɯ̠⁶⁶
nilbiaxhoxni⁵⁵pʲa̠⁴⁴xo̠⁴⁴🔊v.动mudslide泥石流/níshíliú/Almer lei a, nilbiaxhox a, yel jjiumo eil zex mel vaelleixr-yoleixr lei ssi bei nr ddo a. 下雨泥石流，所以这条路左边右边都走不通了。It rained and there was a mudslide, so it was not possible to go around the left or right of the road.Almer lei miur a, worga leil nilbiaxhox var. 下很多雨，山上会泥石流。When it rains a lot, there are landslides on the mountain.Compare 另见nilmenilzeinilzzinixlbixhox ni̠⁶⁶pi̠⁴⁴xo̠⁴⁴
ni leil qie ni³³ le⁵⁵ tʃʰʲɛ³³polite formula客套话please请/qǐng/Ngo miar eil ddei bei jjia nr xie a, ni leil qie ngo leil arleixr beijjiu la.这个活我做不完了，请你帮我做一下。I can't finish this task, please help me.Compare 另见qieni leil qieni³³ le⁵⁵ tʃʰʲɛ³³
Yao’an Loxrlavu Dictionary © 2018 SIL International®
