arddeir a ʔa²¹de²¹ a³³NOM名词化because; (nominalizer)是...的/shì...de/Ngo mel Mixbbaex lei arddeir a. 我是从马游来的。I am one who comes from Mayou.Arni ngo seivi nr mu ssi a mel, ngo no a nga arddeir a. 昨天我没有去做客，是因为我病了。Me not being a guest yesterday, was because I was sick.Arbbor ama niul leil cirza-hanga mul a mel, yaa niul leil perniar a nga arddeir a. 爸爸妈妈教我们各种各样，是因为他们关心我们。Father and mother teaching us everything, is because they love us.1. This nominalizes complete clauses or sentences. It should not be confused with /ar ddei a/ which follows a noun, as inː /ca ar ddei a/ 'a man'; because the pronounciation is the same with /ddei/ being pronounced like [de²¹] following /ar/ or /cir/ (low 21 tone). /arddeir a/ 使完整的子句或句子名词化。它与 /ar ddei a/ 有分别，/ar ddei a/ 跟在名词之后；其发音 [de²¹] 与 /ddei/ 在/ar/ 或 /cir/之后相同。比如说：/ca ar ddei a/ '一个人' 的发音是：[tsʰa³³ a²¹ de²¹ a³³]。 This indicates the reason for something. 也可以作为某件事的原因（是因为 . . . ）。It was reported that this is not used in the village of 张家.据说张家村那里不用此字。Compare 另见=ddu=ggie=su
Yao'an Loxrlavu - English
a
arddeirnga ʔa²¹de²¹ŋa³³conj.连if如果/rúguǒ/Ni no arddeirnga a, no i ssi nia. 如果你病了,就要去看病。I you are sick you should go see a doctor.In this context the intonation rises; it is intonation, not tone.在这里的语境中，声调上升；注意，是声调而非音调。Compare 另见hahanga nel xa³³ŋa³³-nə⁵⁵arddernga nel ʔa²¹də²¹ŋa³³ nə⁵⁵
arddol ʔa²¹do⁵⁵1Q疑what; where; which哪/nǎ/Arni yar arddol ssi? 昨天他去哪里？Yesterday, where did s/he go?Ni arddol su dax lei? 你是哪里来的？Where are you from?Anol arddol ddei ni ddei a? 哪只狗是你的？Which/what dog is yours?2adv.副that (person place or thing); whatever; where; whichever"Ngo mur eil ddei mel arddol ssi ci a mel, arddol sil zzor a mel, arddol nor nia," bbeix. 我说ː：“我的马走到哪里，在哪里吃草，我就哪里停下。”I said, "Where this horse went to, where it (stopped) to eat grass, that (place) is where (I) will stop."Zzaegu eilmel, ni arddol ddei lizoxr, arddol ddei vei si ddo a. 这些东西你喜欢哪个，就拿哪个去吧。Whichever of these things you like, you can take that one.The first exmple of the adverb sense comes from a traditional story.arddol ʔa²¹do⁵⁵
arddolboxl ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-po̠⁶⁶adv.副every time每次/měi cì/Ngo arddolboxl yaa dax ssi ci a lei, yaa arlmeixr zzor dae. 我每次去到他们家，他们都在吃饭。Everytime I go to them, they are eating.arddolboxl ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-po̠⁶⁶
arddolcar ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-tsʰa²¹1Q疑when什么时候/shénme shíhòu/Ni arddolcar ngo ake gaxggor lei? 你什么时候来我家里玩？When are you coming to my house to visit?2adv.副wheneverNi arddolcar ngua dax lei lei, ngua ggese. 你什么时候来我们这里，我们也高兴。Whenever you visit us, we will be happy.3in the future; later以后/yǐhòu/Eilleix ngo yarzi jiur, arddolcar saelnei wornol cexr. 现在我很忙，以后才能休息。Now I am very busy, it will be later before I can rest.arddolqixl ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-tʃʰi⁵⁵
arddolcar ci a lei ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-tsʰa²¹ tsʰɿ³³ a³³ le³³adv.副forever永远/yǒngyuǎn/Arbosobo mel seir zzir ddei nga a; arddolcar ci a lei ca mel leil zoxlnixr, ca mel lei perniar. 上帝是最好的；永远都怜悯人，爱人。God is the best; (he) always pities people, (and) loves people.Compare 另见cirse-cirsilarddolqixl qi a lei ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-tʃʰi̠⁶⁶ tʃʰi a³³ le³³
arddolcar lei ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-tsʰa²¹ ɮe³³adv.副always; then; when; whenever什么时候都/shénme shíhòu dōu/Ni arddolcar a lei sul i doxr a ngo? 你什么时候都在看书吗？You are always reading books!Ni arddolcar a zzor niazzir a mel, arddolcar a lei zzor ddo. 你什么时候想吃，什么时候都可以吃。Whenever you want to eat, (you) can eat then.Compare 另见cirse-cirleixr leicirse-cirsilarddolqixl lei ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-tʃʰi⁵⁵ ɮe³³
arddol ci ho a ʔa²¹do⁵⁵ tsʰɿ³³ xo³³ a³³adv.副to the extreme到了极点/dào le jídiǎn/Ca hal ddei yar leil vuxryixr a arddol ci ho a. 那个人恨他到了极点了。That person hates him/her to the extreme.It was reported that this is not used in the village of ZhangJia.据说张家村那里不用此字。
arddol-cirsil ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-tsʰɿ²¹-sɿ⁵⁵adv.副a long time ago很早以前/hěn zǎo yǐqián/Niul Loxrlapor mel arddol-cirsil dder eilmaex hher dae a. 我们彝族人很久以前就在这里了。We Central Yi people were here a long time ago.arddol-cirsil ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-tsʰɿ²¹-sɿ⁵⁵halqixl-halwor tor xa⁵⁵tʃʰi̠⁶⁶-xa⁵⁵wo²¹ tʰo²¹
arddollei ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-ɮe³³Q疑How could that be?哪里会/nǎlǐ huì/Yar bbeix: "Ngo ni leil mia nr goxr hormo koxl nei nga a, ni ngo leil hol-nr-cir zzar?" Ngo ddarkoxl a bbeix: "Arddollei?" 他说：“我好几年没有看见你了，你不记得我了吗？”我回答说：“哪里会”？S/he said, " I have not seen you for many years, you probably don't remember me?" I answered saying, "How could that be?"arddollei ʔa²¹do⁵⁵ɮe³³
arddolmaex ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-mæ̠⁴⁴1Q疑where; what place什么地方/shénme dìfang/Ca hal hhexr arddolmaex goxr dae? 那家人生活在什么地方？Where does that family live?2adv.副there; where哪里/nǎlǐ/Ni arddolmaex ssi a mel, ngo lei arddolmaex ssi. 你去哪里，我也去哪里。Where you go, I will go there.This example sentence is from a traditional story.arddolmix ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-mi̠⁴⁴
arddolmaex lei ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-mæ̠⁴⁴ ɮe³³adv.副everywhere什么地方都/shénme dìfang doū/Eilleix mel, arddolmaex lei dixlhuaxl zza, halleix le-nr-sel. 现在什么地方都有电话了，不像以前了。These days there are phones everywhere, not like before.arddolmix lei ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-mi̠⁴⁴ ɮe³³
arddolyox lei ʔa²¹do⁵⁵-ʝo̠⁴⁴ ɮe³³pron.代anything; everything什么都/shénma dōu/Ca hal ddei yarzi sol, arddolyox lei nr zza. 那个人很穷什么都没有。That person is very poor, (s/he) doesn't have anything.Ca hal ddei zzirbae yarzi be, arddolyox lei zza. 那个人很有钱，什么都有。That person is very rich, (s/he) has everything.Whether it is all or none depends on whether the verb is negative or positive. 意思为‘(人)都’或‘没有(人)’要看它有负面的动词或是正面的动词而定。azalnel lei ʔa²¹tsa⁵⁵nə⁵⁵ ɮe³³
argaxl ʔa²¹-ka̠⁶⁶adv.副after a while; eventually; later一会儿/yīhuìr/Ni ngo leil tor nr dor, argaxl ngo ni leil ggu. 你别指着我，一会儿我会打你的。Don't blame me or later I will beat you.1. The postpositional temporal adverbs are: car, qie, tor 'when, while'; xilmeir leil 'before'; ho 'after'; seir 'yet'; ngaseir 'just', recently'. Other temporal constructions are located, most often, at the beginning of the clause. There are some constructions, such as /halcar/ 'at that time' that can occur either in front or in back of the clause. 时间性后置副词有：car, qie, tor ‘时候’; xielmeir leil ‘以前’; ho ‘以后’; seir ‘还’; ngaseir ‘才, 刚刚’。其他时间性结构的用法多半在句子之首。有些结构如：/halcar/‘那时候'可以在一个子句之首或尾。 argaxl ~ sargaxl ~ algaxlCompare 另见algaxlarcixlargielggurarleixr hher aarsaxlsargaxlarmal ʔa²¹-ma⁵⁵
argielggur ʔa²¹kʲɛ⁵⁵gɤ²¹adv.副awhile一段时间/yī duàn shíjiān/Xilmeir hal xiubbo ngo ake argielggur hher a. 前个月我在家里在了一段时间。Last month I was at home awhile.Yar ngo leil vuxryixr a, yel seirseil argielggur lei ngo dax ddar nr te a. 他恨我，所以长时间不跟我讲话。S/he hates me, so for a long while s/he has not spoken to me.Ngo arsae argielggur ake jjixr nr goxr a. 我好久没有回过家。I have not returned home for a long while.Yar ake jjixr a, ngo yar leil mia nr goxr, arsae argielggur loxr a. 他回家了，我一段时间没看见他。S/he returned home, (but) I haven't seen (him/her), it has been quite awhile./ardae/ 'awhile' represents minutes or hours at the most. /arcixl/ 'a while' is a longer amount of time than /ardae/--but still within a day's amount of time. /argielggur/ is the longest time period of these three. This is a time period of more than one day--perhaps many days depending on if there are other adverbs emphasizing the amount of time./ardae/ 'awhile 一会儿' 顶多只代表几分钟或几小时。但 /arcixl/ 比 /ardae/ 时间长，但还是短于一天。/argielggur/ 在这三者中代表着最长的时间段。可以代表超过一天的时间，或许可以代表许多天；要看是否有其他形容时间的副词而定。Compare 另见arcixlardaeargaxlza nr nil sil tsa³³ n̩²¹ ni⁵⁵ sɿ⁵⁵hal nr ni sil xa⁵⁵ n̩²¹ ni³³ sɿ⁵⁵
argge-nehe ʔa²¹gɯ³³-nə³³xɯ³³1n.名tomorrow morning明天早上/míngtiān zǎoshàng/Eilmei goxr ho a mel dder argge-nehe ci a. 今天晚上过了，就到明天早上了。After this night has passed tomorrow morning will arrive.2adv.副Arggenehe, niul yarzi neixr ha du nia. 明天早上，我们要起很得早。Tomorrow morning, we will get up very early.selnehe sə⁵⁵nə³³xɯ³³
arjjiuljjiu ʔa²¹dʒʲo⁵⁵dʒʲo³³adv.副quietly悄悄/qiāoqiāo/Arni yar arjjiuljjiu a ddux si a. 昨天他悄悄的出去了。Yesterday s/he quietly went out.Yar niul leil ddar bbeix gger dae a mel, niul arjjiuljjiu arla noni dae nia. 他在告诉我们话，我要悄悄地听着。We should quietly listen to what she tells us.There is no such thing as /arjjiu/ or /jjiu/ with this same meaning./arjjiu/ 或 /jjiu/ 与 /arjjiuljjiu/ 没有类似的意思。arjjiuljjiu ʔa²¹dʒʲo⁵⁵dʒʲo³³
arla ʔa²¹ɮa³³ASSOC联想意义(associative)地/de/Ni sulzzaggie ssi a mel, zabbar-seilseir arla sul zza nia. 你去学校，要好好地学习。(When) you go to school, (you) should study very well.Sae mel jjiumo ssi a, cili-kulu arla ssi. 蛇走路是弯弯曲曲地走。When the snake goes somewhere it windingly goes along.1. The word /arla/ 地 is found in associative phrases and associates an adjective or adverb (phrase) with the following verb. As with the /-mo/ particle the adjective or adverb is always reduplicated. 在有关联的片语，措词或习惯用语中可以看到 /arla/ 的用法。它使一个形容词或副词的片语，与紧跟着的动词互相关联。与 /-mo/ 这个小品词相类似，被联的形容词或副词总是要被复制。The term associative phrase comes from the book "Mandarin Chinese, A Functional Reference Grammar" by Charles N. Li and Sandra A., pp. 113-116, Thompson. University of California Press, 1981. “关联片语”这一个词出自此书："Mandarin Chinese, A Functional Reference Grammar" by Charles N. Li and Sandra A., pp. 113-116, Thompson. University of California Press, 1981.It was reported that this word is not used in 张家 village.据说张家村那里不用此字。Compare 另见=modae
arlallal ʔa²¹ɮa⁵⁵~ɮa⁵⁵ONOM象声(the sound of a dog yelping)(狗叫的声音)(gǒu jiào de shēngyīn)Anol mel "arlallal", eine me. 狗 "arlallal"，这样叫。Dogs yelp "arlallal", like this.This is not the sound of barking; this is the sound of a dog yelping when hurt. If it is barking the sound is 'wolwolwol'.这个不是狗叫的声音。这是狗受伤疼痛时的哀喊声。狗叫是用‘wolwolwol’。Compare 另见luwolwolwolarlallal ʔa²¹ɮa⁵⁵~ɮa⁵⁵
arleixr ʔa²¹ɮe̠ʔ²¹adv.副a bit; (a short and quick action); a while一下/yīxià/Ni leixrhher ddei cei dil la a, arleixr i seir. 你先把手伸进来看一下。Stretch out your hand into (the house so we can) have a look (at your hand).Mae sser a, qixnex zze arleixr naexrbe nia. 用布，补一下这双鞋。Using cloth, (you) need to mend (the) pair of shoes a bit.The first example sentence is from a traditional story.Compare 另见arleixrleixrarleixr ʔa²¹ɮe̠ʔ²¹
arleixr hher a ʔa²¹ɮe̠ʔ²¹ ɣɯ²¹ a³³adv.副after a while过一会儿/guò yīhuìr/Ngo xilmeir ssi a, arleixr hher a, ni mae lei ngo! 我先走了，等一会儿，你跟来啊！I'm going first, after a while, you follow!In this context the intonation rises; it is intonation, not tone.在这里的语境中，声调上升；注意，是声调而非音调。Compare 另见arcixlardaeargaxlarleixr zza ʔa²¹ɮe̠ʔ²¹ dza³³
arleixrleixr ʔa²¹ɮe̠ʔ²¹ɮe̠ʔ²¹adv.副a while一会儿/yīhuǐ'er/Ni bei le a, arleixrleixr wornol. 你累了休息一会儿。If you are tired, rest a while.Compare 另见arleixrarleixrleixr ʔa²¹ɮe̠ʔ²¹ɮe̠ʔ²¹
Yao’an Loxrlavu Dictionary © 2018 SIL International®
