Yao'an Loxrlavu - English
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koxlkʰo̠⁶⁶🔊v.动depend on; lean on; rely on; trust靠/kào/Ssormaer hal ddei capor nr zza, yel yar yar cirssor mel leil koxl dae a goxr dae lalnga. 那个女人没有丈夫，所以她只是靠着她的亲戚生活。That woman does not have a husband, so she has to depend on her family to live.Aniux hal ddox mel yixrmeixlzzir a, yarma cizixlgex ddei leil koxl dae a. 那个孩子困了，靠在他妈妈的膝盖上。That child was sleepy, (so s/he) leaned on his/her mother's knee.Ngo eilmaex gga sosarsarmo arleixr koxl nia. 我要在这里舒舒服服的靠一下。I will very comfortably lean here.Baxrde hal taex koxl ggie zza. 那把椅子有靠的地方。That chair has something to lean on (it has a back rather than being a stool).1. /yarma/ is the combination of /yar-/ and /ama/./yarma/ 是 /yar-/ 和 /ama/ 的组合词。loan借词koxl kʰo̠⁶⁶
koxlkʰo̠⁶⁶🔊1v.动return还/huán/Ni ngo ddei zzaegu ddei ngo leil koxl gger nia! 你要把我东西还给我了。You have to give me back my thing!2AUX (direction)助(方向)backCa mel niul leil nr seir bei a lei, niul yaa leil bei koxl nr ddo. 虽然人们对咱们做不好的，咱们不能报复他们。Though people do bad things to us, we should not retaliate (do back) against them.1. /koxl/ is a verb that can also follow a main verb as a directional auxiliary. It is very similar to /xixl/ 'back 回' (DIR AUX 方向), except that /xixl/ can never function as a main verb and can not be used following /bei/ 'do; cause to happen 弄' verb. The two words are often combined in the auxiliary position: /(verb) koxl xixl/ (doing something in return/back). 是一个动词，但也可以跟在另一个主要动词后面，成为方向的助动词。与 /xixl/ '回' (方向助动词) 类似，只不过 /xixl/ 没有像主要动词一样的功能。不能直接跟在 /bei/ '作; 弄' 这个动词后面。这两个字经常合起来成为一个助动词用：(动词) /koxl xixl/ （回应另外一个行动）。An auxiliary (AUX) is defined as a word which accompanies the main verb in a clause and helps to make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the verb. Some verbs function as main verbs of movement as well as auxiliaries showing direction.助动词的定义是：一个字在子句或从句中，伴随着主要动词；可以帮助区分‘情绪，氛围’，‘时序，时机’或‘动词的方向’。 有一些词可以用作含有移动性的主要动词，或用作助动词以显明方向。Compare 另见gar koxl xixlxixlkoxl kʰo̠⁶⁶
koxlkʰo̠⁶⁶🔊n.名year年/nián/Ca hal ddei ake jjixr nr goxr so koxl nga a. 那个人已经三年没有回家了。That person has not returned home for three years.Compare 另见bbecir-bbekoxlcirkoxlpeixhormo koxl loxrkoxl kʰo̠⁶⁶
koxlsseiddo kʰo̠⁶⁶-ze³³-do³³1v.动depend on靠得住/kǎo dé zhù/Ca hal ddei mel azo lei yarzi a bbeix; yar leil koxlsseiddo. 那个人什么都只说真的，所以他靠得住。Whatever that person says is true; (you) can depend on him/her.2adj.形dependable; trustworthy可靠/kěkào/Ca hal ddei yarzi koxlsseiddo. 那个人很可靠。That person is very dependable.koxlsseiddax kʰo̠⁶⁶-ze³³-da̠⁴⁴
koxltor kʰo̠⁶⁶tʰo²¹n.名age年纪/niánjì/Ngo bir yar leil koxltor vaer. 我的年纪比他大。I am older than s/he is. (My age is bigger than his/hers.)Compare 另见koxltor cikoxltor norkoxltox kʰo̠⁶⁶tʰo̠⁴⁴
koxltor ci kʰo̠⁶⁶tʰo²¹ tsʰɿ³³1idiom习语reach old age老了/lǎo le/Yar koxltor ci a, yel miar bei nr var. 他老了，所以不会干活了。S/he has become old so s/he can't work.2arrive of age; reach some designated age到了一定的年龄/dào le yīdìng de niánlíng/Yaa nrnel koxltor nr ci seir dder jixrhui a. 他们两个还没到年龄就结婚了。Those two had not reached the (legal) age and they got married.Koxltor lei nr ci seir dder aniux xiu a mel, zzirbae yarzisael faxr miur. 年龄没达到就生孩子，罚款非常多。If (a women) has not reached the (legal) age and has a child, the fine is extremely high.Yar koxltor ci a, aniux hier wo ddo a. 她到了一定的年龄，可以生孩子了。She has reached the age when she is allowed to have a child.Compare 另见cikoxltorkoxltor norkoxltox qi kʰo̠⁶⁶tʰo̠⁴⁴ tʃʰi³³
koxltor nor kʰo̠⁶⁶tʰo²¹ no²¹idiom习语tender age; young年轻/niánqing /Ni me koxltor nor seir car leil jiux dae a, zabbar-seilseir a sul zza nia. 你要趁着年轻的时候，要好好地读书。Take advantage while you still young, (and) study very hard.This can also be /koxltor ye/, in which case for ZhangJia it is /koxltor ya/.Compare 另见koxltorkoxltor cinorkoxltox nur kʰo̠⁶⁶tʰo̠⁴⁴ nɤ²¹koxltox ya kʰo̠⁶⁶tʰo̠⁴⁴ ʝa³³
kuarkʰʷa²¹🔊v.动boast; brag; praise夸/kuā/Ca hal ddei yar ddei aniux leil kuar gger. 那个人在夸他自己的孩子。That person brags about his/her child.Labialization occurring in words that are not borrowed from Mandarin Chinese is simply the result of a consonant plus /o/ combination, where the influence from the /o/ vowel—which is pronounced with rounded lips—causes the labialization. This diphthong /ʷo/ is in free variation with the /o/; there is no contrast. If some other vowel, other than /o/, follows a labialized consonant, the word is probably a Mandarin Chinese loan.唇发音出现在非源自汉语的字群中，是子音加上 /o/ 的结果。这是由元音字母 /o/ 所带来的影响 – 嘴唇做圆形状而发出的音 – 而产生的唇发音。双元音 /o/ 是与 /o/ 自由变化；没有对比。如果有其他非 /o/ 的元音，跟在一个唇发音子音之后，这个字很可能是来自汉语的借词。Compare 另见kuarddokuar laboxkuar kʰʷa²¹
kuarddokʰʷa²¹-do³³🔊adj.形boastful自夸/zìkuā/Ca hal ddei yarzi kuarddo, yel ca mel yar leil li-nr-zoxr. 那个人很喜欢自夸，所以人们不喜欢他。That person is very boastful so people don't like him/her.1. Labialization occurring in words that are not borrowed from Mandarin Chinese is simply the result of a consonant plus /o/ combination, where the influence from the /o/ vowel—which is pronounced with rounded lips—causes the labialization. This diphthong /ʷo/ is in free variation with the /o/; there is no contrast. If some other vowel, other than /o/, follows a labialized consonant, the word is probably a Mandarin Chinese loan.唇发音出现在非源自汉语的字群中，是子音加上 /o/ 的结果。这是由元音字母 /o/ 所带来的影响 – 嘴唇做圆形状而发出的音 – 而产生的唇发音。双元音 /o/ 是与 /o/ 自由变化；没有对比。如果有其他非 /o/ 的元音，跟在一个唇发音子音之后，这个字很可能是来自汉语的借词。/kuarddu/ and /kuar labox/ are nouns that mean 'boasting'. /kuarddo/ is the adjective 'boastful'.Compare 另见kuarkuar laboxkuarddax kʰʷa²¹-da̠⁴⁴
kuarddu kʰʷa²¹-dɤ³³n.名boasting; somthing to boast about可夸的/kě kuā de//kuarddu/ and /kuar labox/ are nouns that mean 'boasting'. /kuarddo/ is the adjective 'boastful'.Compare 另见kuar laboxkuar labox kʰʷa²¹ la³³po̠⁴⁴
kuar labox kʰʷa²¹ la³³po̠⁴⁴n.名boasting; somthing to boast about可夸的/kě kuā de/Seirseir maelmaerjjia Arbosobo gger lalnga, yel ngo kuarddu nr zza. 一切好的都是上帝给的，所以我没有可夸的。All good things are given by God, so I have nothing to boast about.Compare 另见kuarkuarddokuarddukuar labox kʰʷa²¹ la³³po̠⁴⁴
kuaxkʰʷa̠⁴⁴🔊adj.形spacious; wide宽/kuān/Yar ddei xi yarzi kuax. 他的房子很宽。His/her house is very spacious.Daxrzzopir mel ardoxr niul, halae kuaxbarbarmo armel a. 扁担有一点短，而且是一种宽宽的。The "daxrzzopir" shoulder poles are a bit short, and some are wide (a flat shoulder pole rather than a round shoulder pole).1. Labialization occurring in words that are not borrowed from Mandarin Chinese is simply the result of a consonant plus /o/ combination, where the influence from the /o/ vowel—which is pronounced with rounded lips—causes the labialization. This diphthong /ʷo/ is in free variation with the /o/; there is no contrast. If some other vowel, other than /o/, follows a labialized consonant, the word is probably a Mandarin Chinese loan. 唇发音出现在非源自汉语的字群中，是子音加上 /o/ 的结果。这是由元音字母 /o/ 所带来的影响 – 嘴唇做圆形状而发出的音 – 而产生的唇发音。双元音 /o/ 是与 /o/ 自由变化；没有对比。如果有其他非 /o/ 的元音，跟在一个唇发音子音之后，这个字很可能是来自汉语的借词。 kuax ~ kuaxbarbar.Compare 另见kuaxbarbarkuaxggiebbaerkuax kʰʷa̠⁴⁴
kuaxbarbar kʰʷa̠⁴⁴pa²¹pa²¹adj.形spacious; wide宽/kuān/Compare 另见kuaxkuaxggiebbaerkuaxbarbar kʰʷa̠⁴⁴pa²¹pa²¹
kuaxggiebbaerkʰʷa̠⁴⁴-gʲɛ³³-bæ²¹🔊n.名width宽度/kuāndù/Yar mae ho a, kuaxggiebbaer ho nr loxr. 她买布，宽度买的不够。(When) she went to buy cloth, she did not buy (cloth) that was wide enough.Compare 另见-bbaerggiekuaxkuaxbarbarmuggiebbaersiggiebbaerkuaxggiebbaer kʰʷa̠⁴⁴-gʲɛ³³-bæ²¹
Kuimixr zzi kʷe³³mi̠ʔ²¹ dzɿ³³place name地名Kunming city昆明城市/kūnmíng chéngshì/Kuimir zzi ddei yarzi vaer, ca lei yarzi miur. 昆明城市很大，人也很多。Kunming city is very big and there are many people (in the city).Kuimixr zzi kʷe³³mi̠ʔ²¹ dzɿ³³
kuirkʰʷe²¹🔊1v.动bundle捆/kǔn/Yar so bber ssi a, baezo sser a, kuir gex du lei a. 他去背麦子，用绳子，捆起来了。When s/he carries wheat on his/her back, (s/he) uses a rope, and bundles it on (her/his back).1. The word /neixl/ 'tie' is used to tie something or someone up. The word /ter/ 'tie' is for tying a knot. The word /kuir/ 'tie' is used to tie a bundle on your back. Labialization occurring in words that are not borrowed from Mandarin Chinese is simply the result of a consonant plus /o/ combination, where the influence from the /o/ vowel—which is pronounced with rounded lips—causes the labialization. This diphthong /ʷo/ is in free variation with the /o/; there is no contrast. If some other vowel, other than /o/, follows a labialized consonant, the word is probably a Mandarin Chinese loan.唇发音出现在非源自汉语的字群中，是子音加上 /o/ 的结果。这是由元音字母 /o/ 所带来的影响 – 嘴唇做圆形状而发出的音 – 而产生的唇发音。双元音 /ʷo/ 是与 /o/ 自由变化；没有对比。如果有其他非 /o/ 的元音，跟在一个唇发音子音之后，这个字很可能是来自汉语的借词。2n.名Capor mel six bil a mel, cir bbaer ar kuir bil. 男人挑柴一边挑一梱。When a man carries wood (using a shoulder pole), (he) carries a bundle on each side.Compare 另见neixlterkuir kʰʷe²¹
kukurzzar kʰɤ³³kʰɤ²¹-dza²¹LOC SPATIAL方位inside layer里面/lǐmiàn/Pia eil xiux kukurzzar xiaxr ho a. 这件衣服里面坏了。The inside layer of these clothes are damaged.This locative word is similar to what Marlin Leaders refers to as "spatial grounding" of the action, in his article Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM), Strat Grammar, M. Leaders, 5/22/2008, TAMM-Marlin Leaders.doc., because it gives relative direction information rather than just location information. /aga(la)/ 'between, among, in the midst of' is what Marlin Leaders would call the "neutronym".这一个方位词与 Marlin Leaders在 “Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM), Strat Grammar, M. Leaders, 5/22/2008, TAMM-Marlin Leaders.doc.” （时态-局面-语气 TAM）所说的行动 “空间的接地”。因为它给了相对方向的信息，而不是只有位置的信息。Marlin Leaders 叫 'between, among, in the midst of 中间' 这些字为 "neutronym"。Compare 另见dexbborellelegiedaeggaxrneggaxrsijiasikukurzzar xiuxlamaelavulmaelemaelleilnalbbornalzzarolleleolniuxniuxteixlsibborvaelvulleilwoxrkexilmeiryozalbbaerzalbborzalzzarzilbborzilelezile zzirzzarzzarhherzzar ɣɯ²¹-dza²¹
kukurzzar xiux kʰɤ³³kʰɤ²¹-dza²¹ ʃʲo̠⁴⁴n.名clothes worn under a coat; underwear内衣/nèiyī/Zzixzi mel, bbecir-bbeni lei pia kukurzzar xiux veixr dae a dder lemel a. 冬天每天穿着内衣才暖和。In the winter, if every day (you) wear layers of clothes then (you) will be warm.Compare 另见kukurzzarhherzzabbaer xux ɣɯ²¹-dza²¹ ʃy̠⁴⁴
kur kʰɤ²¹CLF量area; place块/kuài/Eil kur gga cirdae a, hal kur gga ssi nr ddo. 不能从这里到那里。(You) must not go from this area to that area.It is more common to use the word /maex/ for 'place'. Compare 另见bbucirkur-cirkurmaexmix mi̠⁴⁴
kur kʰu²¹adj.形dented; grooved; pitted凹/āo/Yar lu ddei leil ar taexl deil gger qie a dder deil kur gger a. 他打了一拳墙就凹进去了。He gave the wall a hit and dented it.Jjiumo eil zex cirmaex-hanga lei kur dae a, caezi kae a yarzi kae sol. 这条路到处都是凹的，开车很难开。This road is pitted everywhere, it is hard to drive a car on it.kur ~ daex.Compare 另见daexkur kʰu²¹
Yao’an Loxrlavu Dictionary © 2018 SIL International®
