tetʰə³³🔊CLF量(living things)个/gè/Neir hal te ca hal ddei leil xiex a, xiex zil gger a. 那个鬼闹那个人，把他闹死了。That demon harassed that person, (and) harassed (him/her) to death.Ca medeil eil te niur eil nrnel leil zzi dax xiahor nia bbeix. 这个傻子叫这两头牛要友好。This foolish person says these two oxen need to be friends with each other.Ssormaer hal te mel kax gga ca cirddei-hanga dax lei zzihie, yarzi wo ar te a. 那个女人跟村子里的每一个人都吵架，很凶的一个。That woman argues with everyone in the village, (she is) a very mean one.Niur hal te mel silbbar lei nr zzor, ssi za doxr lalnga. 那个牛草也不吃，只是一直的走。That cow does not even eat grass, (it) just keeps wandering around.1. This is a classifier for living things--animals or demons but not plants; it has a negative connotation if used with people.用这量词个的话，对人来说表示有一点讨厌的意思。可以用在动物和鬼身上。It was reported that this word is not used in the village of 张家.据说张家村那里不用此字。Compare 另见ddeiddox
Yao'an Loxrlavu - English
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tetʰə³³🔊v.动speak; talk讲/jiǎng/Yar ddar so yoxr te var. 他会讲三种话。S/he can speak three languages./bbeix/ is often used for reported speech, so it is common in stories. It is the verb most often used when reporting a conversation between people. The /biar/ verb is used when someone is telling someone about something, and the /te/ verb is used when someone is just talking or speaking a particular language./bbeix 是经常用在间接引语，所以在故事叙述中常见。这是在描述人与人之间的对话常用的字。/biar/ 这个动词则用於当某人在告诉另一人一些事情。/te/ 用於某人在讲话或说某种语言时而用。Compare 另见biarbbeixddar tete tʰə³³
te tʰə³³v.动break in half; break in two pieces; break off断/duàn/Jjiumo hal zex ar do te a, yel ngo ake jjixr nr cexr. 那条路断了一截，所以我不能回家。A section of that road broke off, so I could not return home.Yaa ggucirmi vizze zex te ho a. 他门前的桥断了。The bridge at their front gate was broken in half.Yar azzu zze ngaxl te gger a, nr zeixl loxr a. 他把筷子折断了，成了两节。S/he broke in half the pair of chopsticks (with his/her two hands), (and) they became two pieces (each).The word /zex/ is similar to the word /te/ but /zex/ is used in the sense of something long being pulled apart, while /te/ is used in the sense of something long breaking in two pieces for some other reason than being pulled apart--like a bridge breaking in half.Compare 另见ngaxlzexte tʰə³³
teix tʰe̠⁴⁴1adj.形sharp尖/jiān/Yar luzzi ddei xiaxr a, yar six yarzi teix armel sser a, diexr ngexl xixl. 他的埂子坏了，他用一些很尖的木头钉上去。The (raised) path (boundary between rice paddies) is broken, (so) s/he used some very sharp sticks to stake (into the ground) to hold it back in place.2sharp hearing敏锐/mǐnruì/Almir mel nolba yarzi teix. 猫的耳朵很敏锐。Cats have very sharp ears (good hearing).3keen sense of smell灵敏/lǐngmǐn/No ner teix su ca mel mel, vimirmir ggie hher dae lei, si azo zzor dae ner teixl lei xie. 鼻子很灵敏的人，在很远的地方，也闻得出来别人在吃什么。Although people with a keen sense of smell are far away, (they) can smell what others are eating.4sharp-sighted眼睛很敏锐/yǎnjing hěn mǐnruì/Ni yarzi meix teix, ca hal ddei ni dax vimirmir ggie hher dae lei, ni i teixl xie. 你的眼睛很敏锐，那个人在离你远远的地方你也看得出来。You are sharp sighted, although that person is far from you, you can see (him/her).5sharp tongued嘴快/zuǐ kuài/Ssormaer hal ddei mel yarzi meir teix, zoxlzoxl a ddar bbeix nr ddo halmel bbeix teixl lei. 那个女人的嘴很快，经常把那些不可以说的话说出来。That woman is sharp tongued, (she) always says those things that should not be said.Compare 另见teixvilvilteix tʰe̠⁴⁴
teixl tʰe̠⁶⁶ASP (perfective)体finished完了/wán le/Eilni ngo miar bei teixl a, halae almeixr bei lel jjixr nia seir. 今天我做完了工作，还要回去做饭吃。Today I have finished my tasks, (but I) still need to go back and cook and eat.Ni almeixr zzor teixl a, ngo leil miar beijjiu lei. 你吃好了饭，来帮我干活。When you have finished eating, come help me with work.The /har/ (perfective) is the same as /teixl/ but /har/ is a Chinese Mandarin loanword.这个完成体与 /har/ 一样，一个是借词（/har/），一个是彝语（/teixl/）。Compare 另见gaxziggeharhar zaxr daejjiamiqixl tʃʰi̠⁶⁶bei qixl pe³³ tʃʰi̠⁶⁶
teixl lei tʰe̠⁶⁶ ɮe³³AUX (direction)助(方向)out出来/chū lái/Yar zzirbae vei teixl lei a, casolssor hal ddei leil gger. 他拿钱出来给那个穷人。S/he took out money, (and) gave it to that poor person.Mer woxrke ca seir zzir ar ddei zo teixl lei nr ddo. 天下找不出来一个最好的人。Under the heavens, it is impossible to search out the best person.Yar ddei xi mel six bei teixl lei. 她的房子是用木头做出来的。His/her house is made out of wood.1. /teixl lei/ means 'out' following verbs. But it doesn't only apply to verbs of motion; sometimes it is used idiomatically as in "made out of wood" in the example above. /teixl lei/ 意思是 '出来'，跟在动词后。不只用在有移动的动词；有时用在惯用语；如同上面的例子。An auxiliary (AUX) is defined as a word which accompanies the main verb in a clause and helps to make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the verb. Some verbs function as main verbs of movement as well as auxiliaries showing direction.助动词的定义是：一个字在子句或从句中，伴随着主要动词；可以帮助区分‘情绪，氛围’，‘时序，时机’或‘动词的方向’。 有一些词可以用作含有移动性的主要动词，或用作助动词以显明方向。qil lei tʃʰi⁵⁵ ɮe³³
teixl leil tʰe̠⁶⁶ ɮe⁵⁵POST POS后置词on top of上面/shàngmiàn/Ni pia xiux lorbbor ddei teixl leil deix gger dae. 你的衣服放在被子上面。You put clothes on top of your blanket.Mersi jia a, ajjix teixl leil bolaxl ddaexr du lei a. 因为刮风，水上面起了波浪。When the wind blows, the waves thrash on top of the water./teixl leil/ follows the noun and its classifier, but in this context the classifier is optional, and the /teixl-/ morpheme is also optional. So, for example, 'on the blanket' can be: /lorbbor ddei teixl leil/, or it can be /lorbbor teixl leil/, or it can be /lorbbor ddei leil/.Compare 另见leilteixlsibborteixl leil tʰe̠⁶⁶-ɮe⁵⁵
teixlsi tʰe̠⁶⁶-sɿ³³LOC SPATIAL方位outside layer; top layer上面/shàngmian/Compare 另见teixlsibborteixlsibbor piateixlsibbor tʰe̠⁶⁶sɿ³³-bo²¹
teixl si tʰe̠⁶⁶ sɿ³³AUX (direction)助(方向)away出去/chū qù/Yar ngo ddei zzirbae vei teixl si a, zzaegu vae ssi. 他把我的钱拿出去买东西。S/he took away my money and bought things.Ngo yar leil ar qir bbeix a dder yar ssi teixl si a. 我说他一句他就走出去了。I said one comment to him/her and s/he went away.An auxiliary (AUX) is defined as a word which accompanies the main verb in a clause and helps to make distinctions in the mood, timing or direction of the verb. Some verbs function as main verbs of movement as well as auxiliaries showing direction.助动词的定义是：一个字在子句或从句中，伴随着主要动词；可以帮助区分‘情绪，氛围’，‘时序，时机’或‘动词的方向’。 有一些词可以用作含有移动性的主要动词，或用作助动词以显明方向。qixl xi tʃʰi̠⁶⁶ ʃi³³
teixlsibbortʰe̠⁶⁶sɿ³³-bo²¹🔊LOC SPATIAL方位outside layer; top layer上面/shàngmian/Yixrgguci ddei leil lorbbor teixlsibbor zul yarzi naex. 床上的上面那床被子很脏。On the bed the top blanket is very dirty.1. This locative word is similar to what Marlin Leaders refers to as "spatial grounding" of the action, in his article Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM), Strat Grammar, M. Leaders, 5/22/2008, TAMM-Marlin Leaders.doc., because it gives relative direction information rather than just location information. /aga(la)/ 'between, among, in the midst of' is what Marlin Leaders would call the "neutronym". 这一个方位词与 Marlin Leaders在 “Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM), Strat Grammar, M. Leaders, 5/22/2008, TAMM-Marlin Leaders.doc.” （时态-局面-语气 TAM）所说的行动 “空间的接地”。因为它给了相对方向的信息，而不是只有位置的信息。Marlin Leaders 叫 'between, among, in the midst of 中间' 这些字为 "neutronym"。teixlsibbor ~ teixlsi.Compare 另见dexbborellelegiedaeggaxrneggaxrsijiasikukurzzarlamaelavulmaelelemaelleilnalbbornalzzarolleleolniuxniuxteixl leilteixlsiteixlsibbor piavaelvulleilwoxrkexilmeir leilyozalbbaerzalbbaerzalbborzalzzarzilbborzilelezzarteixlsibbor tʰe̠⁶⁶sɿ³³-bo²¹
teixlsibbor pia tʰe̠⁶⁶sɿ³³-bo²¹ pʰʲa³³n.名coat; outer layer of clothing外衣/wài yī/Zalbbaer ddux a, zzix a mel, teixlsibbor pia ar xiux veixr dax dae nia. 出去外面冷（的话），要穿一件外衣。When (you) go out, if it is cold, (you) need to wear a coat.This can be /teixlsi pia/ 'outside layer of clothing' without the /bbor/.Compare 另见piateixlsiteixlsibborteixlsibbor pia tʰe̠⁶⁶sɿ³³-bo²¹ pʰʲa³³
teixrzitʰe̠ʔ²¹tsɿ³³🔊n.名stairs; steps台阶/táijiē/Teixrzi mel legelbbe bei teixl lei, teixrzi hal ddei mel bei hormo koxl nei loxr a, legelbbe mel lei xiaxr jjia a.台阶是用石头做出来的，那个台阶已经做好几年了，石头都全完了。The stairs are made out of stones, those stairs were made many years (ago, and) the stones are all broken.an借词Compare 另见teixrteizitʰe³³tsɿ³³
teixvilviltʰe̠⁴⁴vi⁵⁵vi⁵⁵adj.形sharp尖尖的/jiānjiān de/Veixr seixl a mel, altor teixvilvilmo ar baex sser a seixl nia.杀猪，要用一把尖尖的刀杀。When killing a pig, a sharp-pointed knife needs to be used to kill (it).The word /teixvilvil/ is used for a sharp point. If the the front of the knife is blunt but it has a sharp edge--like a cleaver--the word used for 'sharp' is /teix/.Compare 另见teixteixvilviltʰe̠⁴⁴vi⁵⁵vi⁵⁵
titʰi³³🔊v.动carry a container of something提/tí/Eilni ajjix nr zza a, niul jiasibbor ti ssi nia.今天没有水，我们要去下面提。Today there isn't any water, we need to go down and get water.The mid-tone /ti/ means to carry something like water from one place to another, while the low-tone /tir/ means to pull it up out of a well or something like that.Compare 另见bbaxbbertirtitʰi³³
tirtʰi²¹🔊v.动get water with a pail or dipper打水/dǎ shuǐ/Yar var vi her a, bbeddur ddei gga ajjix tir ssi nia.她浇菜水，要去水塘打水。(When) s/he waters the vegetables, (s/he) has to get water out of a pond with a pail or dipper.1. The mid-tone /ti/ means to carry water from one place to another, while the low-tone /tir/ means to pull it out of a well something like that. It was reported that this word is not used in the village of 张家.据说张家村那里不用此字。Compare 另见ti
tiuxltʰʲo̠⁶⁶🔊v.动dance; jump跳/tiào/Eilni mel yaa ggie baxl, yaa ake tiuxl gax su yarzi miur.今天她家办喜事，在他家跳舞娱乐的人很多。Today they are having a wedding, (and) there are lots of people at their house having fun dancing.Ca seirpor hhexr jjixr lei a qie, zzaexpor ddei gexr a, cuaho ddei leil tiuxl zei a.主人家一回来，小偷就害怕从窗子外跳了下去。When a family member came back, (the) thief was afraid, (and) jumped down from the window.1. This word can mean to jump down or to jump up (and down) or to jump over something. The word /zze/ is just for jumping down. So in this example either /tiuxl/or /zze/ could be used. The word /tiuxl/ is a Mandarin Chinese loanword. The word /val/ is only used with the /ggoval/ type of Yi dance; it is not a generic word used for dancing, it is from a traditional story and is understood but not much used. Another word used by the community for 'dance' is /ggo/; /ggo zex/ means 'to dance the "ggo" this is a common dance. The /qixrcaxrwul/ is the name of a dance from the town of /Qircar/. This is a common dance for the youth these days. The verb used for dancing the /qixrcaxrwul/ and /huade/ is the loanword /tiuxl/./tiuxl/ 来自汉语的借词‘跳’。/val/ 这字只与 /ggoval/ 者在彝族人的舞一起用；而不是一般的舞， 来自一个传统的故事，而不常被使用。另一个在社群里的‘舞’字是用 /ggo/; /ggo zex/ 的意思是‘跳’/ggo/ 芦声舞 (lúshēngwǔ)' – 这是一个很普遍的舞。/qircarwul/ 是 /Qircar/ 前场 (Qiánchǎng) 地区所跳的舞。 这是目前年轻人很普遍的一种舞。跳 /qircarwul/ 和 /huade/ 所用的动词是 /tiuxl/ ‘跳’。loan借词Compare 另见ggoqixrcaxrwulvalzexzzetiuxltʰʲo̠⁶⁶
tixrzitʰi̠ʔ²¹tzɿ³³🔊n.名pavilion亭子/tíngzi/Tixrzi mel xigex ardoxr lesel, nael tixrzi mel yarzi zae, yarzi naxrcixl.亭子有一点像木棚，但是亭子很漂亮，很华丽。A pavilion is a bit like a shed, but a pavilion is very pretty, (and) very high quality.1. It was reported that this word is not used in the village of ZhangJia.据说张家村那里不用此字。loan借词
Yao’an Loxrlavu Dictionary © 2018 SIL International®
